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Zhang X, Zhang H, Lv X, Xie T, Chen J, Fang D, Yi S. One-step of ionic liquid-assisted stabilization and dispersion: Exfoliated graphene and its applications in stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels based on chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132699. [PMID: 38824103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels, as novel flexible biosensors, have demonstrated significant potential in areas such as soft robotics, electronic devices, and wearable technology. Graphene is a promising conductive material, but its dispersibility in aqueous solutions exists difficulties. Here, we discover that untreated graphene, after exfoliation by different ionic liquids, can disperse well in aqueous solutions. We investigate the impact of four ionic liquids with varying alkyl chain lengths ([Bmim]Cl, [Omim]Cl, [Dmim]Cl, [Hmim]Cl) on the dispersibility of grapheme, and a dual physically cross-linked network hydrogel structure is designed using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), methyl methacrylate octadecyl ester (SMA), ionic liquid@graphene (ILs@GN), and chitosan (CS). Notably, SMA, CS, AA and AM act as dynamic cross-linking points through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, playing a crucial role in energy dissipation. The resulting hydrogel exhibits outstanding stretchability (2250 %), remarkable toughness (1.53 MJ/m3) in tensile deformation performance, high compressive strength (1.13 MPa), rapid electrical responsiveness (response time ∼ 50 ms), high electrical conductivity (12.11 mS/cm), and excellent strain sensing capability (GF = 12.31, strain = 1000 %). These advantages make our composite hydrogel demonstrate high stability in extensive deformations, offering repeatability in pressure and strain and making it a promising candidate for multifunctional sensors and flexible electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xikun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - He Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xue Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ting Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Junzheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Di Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shurui Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
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2
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Chen L, Xiao T, Yang JL, Liu Y, Xian J, Liu K, Zhao Y, Fan HJ, Yang P. In-Situ Spontaneous Electropolymerization Enables Robust Hydrogel Electrolyte Interfaces in Aqueous Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400230. [PMID: 38520070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels hold great promise as electrolytes for emerging aqueous batteries, for which establishing a robust electrode-hydrogel interface is crucial for mitigating side reactions. Conventional hydrogel electrolytes fabricated by ex situ polymerization through either thermal stimulation or photo exposure cannot ensure complete interfacial contact with electrodes. Herein, we introduce an in situ electropolymerization approach for constructing hydrogel electrolytes. The hydrogel is spontaneously generated during the initial cycling of the battery, eliminating the need of additional initiators for polymerization. The involvement of electrodes during the hydrogel synthesis yields well-bonded and deep infiltrated electrode-electrolyte interfaces. As a case study, we attest that, the in situ-formed polyanionic hydrogel in Zn-MnO2 battery substantially improves the stability and kinetics of both Zn anode and porous MnO2 cathode owing to the robust interfaces. This research provides insight to the function of hydrogel electrolyte interfaces and constitutes a critical advancement in designing highly durable aqueous batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyuan Chen
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tuo Xiao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin-Lin Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yipu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pico Electron Microscopy of Hainan Province School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jinglin Xian
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kang Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Jin Fan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Peihua Yang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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3
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Yang JL, Xiao T, Xiao T, Li J, Yu Z, Liu K, Yang P, Fan HJ. Cation-Conduction Dominated Hydrogels for Durable Zinc-Iodine Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313610. [PMID: 38348791 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Zinc-iodine batteries have the potential to offer high energy-density aqueous energy storage, but their lifetime is limited by the rampant dendrite growth and the concurrent parasite side reactions on the Zn anode, as well as the shuttling of polyiodides. Herein, a cation-conduction dominated hydrogel electrolyte is designed to holistically enhance the stability of both zinc anode and iodine cathode. In this hydrogel electrolyte, anions are covalently anchored on hydrogel chains, and the major mobile ions in the electrolyte are restricted to be Zn2+. Specifically, such a cation-conductive electrolyte results in a high zinc ion transference number (0.81) within the hydrogel and guides epitaxial Zn nucleation. Furthermore, the optimized Zn2+ solvation structure and the reconstructed hydrogen bond networks on hydrogel chains contribute to the reduced desolvation barrier and suppressed corrosion side reactions. On the iodine cathode side, the electrostatic repulsion between negative sulfonate groups and polyiodides hinders the loss of the iodine active material. This all-round electrolyte design renders zinc-iodine batteries with high reversibility, low self-discharge, and long lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tuo Xiao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Li
- Rolls-Royce@NTU Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zehua Yu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kang Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Peihua Yang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Jin Fan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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4
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Pan X, Lan L, Li L, Naumov P, Zhang H. Flexible Organic Chiral Crystals with Thermal and Excitation Modulation of the Emission for Information Transmission, Writing, and Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320173. [PMID: 38340073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Organic single crystals quickly emerge as dense yet light and nearly defect-free media for emissive elements. Integration of functionalities and control over the emissive properties is currently being explored for a wide range of these materials to benchmark their performance against organic emissive materials diluted in powders or films. Here, we report mechanically flexible emissive chiral organic crystals capable of an unprecedented combination of fast, reversible, and low-fatigue responses. UV-excited single crystals of both enantiomers of the material, 4-chloro-2-(((1-phenylidene)imino)methyl)phenol, exhibit a drastic yet reversible change in the emission color from green to orange-yellow within a second and can be cycled at least 2000 times. The photoresponse was found to depend strongly on the excitation intensity and temperature. Combining chirality, mechanical compliance, rapid emission switching, multiple responses, and writability by UV light, this material provides a unique and versatile platform for developing organic crystal-based materials for on-demand signal transfer, information storage, and cryptography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, 38044, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK-1000, Skopje, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, 10003, New York, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
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5
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Lin S, Li M, Wang G, Wang C, Yang H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Liu X, Bae J, Wu Y. Zn Anode Surviving Extremely Corrosive Polybromide Environment with Alginate-Graphene Oxide Hydrogel Coating. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311510. [PMID: 38267811 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Zinc-bromine (Zn-Br) redox provides a high energy density and low-cost option for next-generation energy storage systems, and polybromide diffusion remains a major issue leading to Zn anode corrosion, dendrite growth, battery self-discharge and limited electrochemical performance. A dual-functional Alginate-Graphene Oxide (AGO) hydrogel coating is proposed to prevent polybromide corrosion and suppress dendrite growth in Zn-Br batteries through negatively charged carboxyl groups and enhanced mechanical properties. The battery with anode of plain zinc coated with AGO (Zn]AGO) survives a severely corrosive environment with higher polybromide concentration than usual without a membrane, and achieves 80 cycles with 100% Coulombic and 80.65% energy efficiencies, four times compared to plain Zn anode. The promising performance is comparable to typical Zn-Br batteries using physical membranes, and the AGO coating concept can be well adapted to various Zn-Br systems to promote their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Lin
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Guotao Wang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Zhoulu Wang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Jinhye Bae
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center (SPEC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yutong Wu
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
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Wang Z, Xue R, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Tang X, Wang H, Shao A, Ma Y. A Hydrogel Electrolyte toward a Flexible Zinc-Ion Battery and Multifunctional Health Monitoring Electronics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7596-7609. [PMID: 38415583 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The compact design of an environmentally adaptive battery and effectors forms the foundation for wearable electronics capable of time-resolved, long-term signal monitoring. Herein, we present a one-body strategy that utilizes a hydrogel as the ionic conductive medium for both flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries and wearable strain sensors. The poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel network incorporates nano-SiO2 and cellulose nanofibers (referred to as PSC) in an ethylene glycol/water mixed solvent, balancing the mechanical properties (tensile strength of 6 MPa) and ionic diffusivity at -20 °C (2 orders of magnitude higher than 2 M ZnCl2 electrolyte). Meanwhile, cathode lattice breathing during the solvated Zn2+ intercalation and dendritic Zn protrusion at the anode interface are mitigated. Besides the robust cyclability of the Zn∥PSC∥V2O5 prototype within a wide temperature range (from -20 to 80 °C), this microdevice seamlessly integrates a zinc-ion battery with a strain sensor, enabling precise monitoring of the muscle response during dynamic body movement. By employing transmission-mode operando XRD, the self-powered sensor accurately documents the real-time phasic evolution of the layered cathode and synchronized strain change induced by Zn deposition, which presents a feasible solution of health monitoring by the miniaturized electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Training Center for Engineering Practices, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, NPU, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Helin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
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7
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Wang Z, Zhu J. Recent Advances on Stretchable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries for Wearable Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311012. [PMID: 38334244 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of wearable electronics has stimulated the pursuit of advanced stretchable power sources. As a promising candidate, stretchable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), have attracted unprecedented attention owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost, environmental benignity, and high performance, and can be endowed with additional functionalities to broaden the applications of wearable electronics. Here, a comprehensive review on the latest advances of stretchable AZIBs is presented. The materials and methods for stretchable components in AZIBs are first summarized, covering current collectors, electrodes, electrolytes/separators, and encapsulating layers. Subsequently, the benefits of the coplanar, fiber-shaped, and sandwiched configurations for stretchable AZIBs are analyzed. Moreover, the additional features integrated into stretchable AZIBs are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects of stretchable AZIBs for wearable applications in the future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Li C, Zhu X, Wang D, Yang S, Zhang R, Li P, Fan J, Li H, Zhi C. Fine Tuning Water States in Hydrogels for High Voltage Aqueous Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3101-3114. [PMID: 38236764 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used as quasi-solid-state electrolytes in aqueous batteries. However, they are not applicable in high-voltage batteries because the hydrogen evolution reaction cannot be effectively suppressed even when water is incorporated into the polymer network. Herein, by profoundly investigating the states of water molecules in hydrogels, we designed supramolecular hydrogel electrolytes featuring much more nonfreezable bound water and much less free water than that found in conventional hydrogels. Specifically, two strategies are developed to achieve this goal. One strategy is adopting monomers with a variety of hydrophilic groups to enhance the hydrophilicity of polymer chains. The other strategy is incorporating zwitterionic polymers or polymers with counterions as superhydrophilic units. In particular, the nonfreezable bound water content increased from 0.129 in the conventional hydrogel to >0.4 mg mg-1 in the fabricated hydrogels, while the free water content decreased from 1.232 to ∼0.15 mg mg-1. As a result, a wide electrochemical stability window of up to 3.25 V was obtained with the fabricated hydrogels with low concentrations of incorporated salts and enhanced hydrophilic groups or superhydrophilic groups. The ionic conductivities achieved with our developed hydrogel electrolytes were much higher than those in the conventional highly concentrated salt electrolytes, and their cost is also much lower. The designed supramolecular hydrogel electrolytes endowed an aqueous K-ion battery (AKIB) system with a high voltage plateau of 1.9 V and contributed to steady cycling of the AKIB for over 3000 cycles. The developed supramolecular hydrogel electrolytes are also applicable to other batteries, such as aqueous lithium-ion batteries, hybrid sodium-ion batteries, and multivalent-ion aqueous batteries, and can achieve high voltage output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Shatin 999077, NT, HKSAR, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Shatin 999077, NT, HKSAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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9
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Liu X, Cao Y, Wang H, Hu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang W, Cheng H, Lu Z. Phytic acid cross-linked and Hofmeister effect strengthened polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for zinc ion storage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:554-557. [PMID: 38088855 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05008d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
It is a big challenge to retain the water and thus reduce the charge impedance for solid electrolytes used in flexible and wearable zinc ion batteries. Here, we propose novel phytic acid (PA) cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels as high-performanced solid electrolytes strengthened by the Hofmeister effect. In this approach, freeze-thawing followed by a salting-out procedure via anions to induce the Hofmeister effect can greatly improve the tensile strain and flexibility of the hydrogels. The PA addition dramatically enhances the ionic conductivity and increases the affinity between the electrolyte and zinc plate. Consequently, the PVA/PA hydrogels exhibit remarkable electrochemical performances with stable full-cell cycling in zinc ion storage and capability in inhibiting Zn dendrite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Liu
- Industrial Training Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yulin Cao
- Industrial Training Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Haiou Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yingqi Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yingzhi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Weimin Yang
- Industrial Training Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
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10
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Li M, Wang X, Meng J, Zuo C, Wu B, Li C, Sun W, Mai L. Comprehensive Understandings of Hydrogen Bond Chemistry in Aqueous Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308628. [PMID: 37910810 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous batteries are emerging as highly promising contenders for large-scale grid energy storage because of uncomplicated assembly, exceptional safety, and cost-effectiveness. The unique aqueous electrolyte with a rich hydrogen bond (HB) environment inevitably has a significant impact on the electrode materials and electrochemical processes. While numerous reviews have focused on the materials design and assembly of aqueous batteries, the utilization of HB chemistry is overlooked. Herein, instead of merely compiling recent advancements, this review presents a comprehensive summary and analysis of the profound implication exerted by HB on all components of the aqueous batteries. Intricate links between the novel HB chemistry and various aqueous batteries are ingeniously constructed within the critical aspects, such as self-discharge, structural stability of electrode materials, pulverization, solvation structures, charge carrier diffusion, corrosion reactions, pH sensitivity, water splitting, polysulfides shuttle, and H2 S evolution. By adopting a vantage point that encompasses material design, binder and separator functionalization, electrolyte regulation, and HB optimization, a critical examination of the key factors that impede electrochemical performance in diverse aqueous batteries is conducted. Finally, insights are rendered properly based on HB chemistry, with the aim of propelling the advancement of state-of-the-art aqueous batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xuanpeng Wang
- Department of Physical Science & Technology, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Jiashen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunli Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Buke Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
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Ji D, Kim J. Trend of Developing Aqueous Liquid and Gel Electrolytes for Sustainable, Safe, and High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:2. [PMID: 37930432 PMCID: PMC10628089 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) rely on organic liquid electrolytes that pose significant risks due to their flammability and toxicity. The potential for environmental pollution and explosions resulting from battery damage or fracture is a critical concern. Water-based (aqueous) electrolytes have been receiving attention as an alternative to organic electrolytes. However, a narrow electrochemical-stability window, water decomposition, and the consequent low battery operating voltage and energy density hinder the practical use of aqueous electrolytes. Therefore, developing novel aqueous electrolytes for sustainable, safe, high-performance LIBs remains challenging. This Review first commences by summarizing the roles and requirements of electrolytes-separators and then delineates the progression of aqueous electrolytes for LIBs, encompassing aqueous liquid and gel electrolyte development trends along with detailed principles of the electrolytes. These aqueous electrolytes are progressed based on strategies using superconcentrated salts, concentrated diluents, polymer additives, polymer networks, and artificial passivation layers, which are used for suppressing water decomposition and widening the electrochemical stability window of water of the electrolytes. In addition, this Review discusses potential strategies for the implementation of aqueous Li-metal batteries with improved electrolyte-electrode interfaces. A comprehensive understanding of each strategy in the aqueous system will assist in the design of an aqueous electrolyte and the development of sustainable and safe high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Yang JL, Yu Z, Wu J, Li J, Chen L, Xiao T, Xiao T, Cai DQ, Liu K, Yang P, Fan HJ. Hetero-Polyionic Hydrogels Enable Dendrites-Free Aqueous Zn-I 2 Batteries with Fast Kinetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306531. [PMID: 37608787 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous Zn-I2 batteries (ZIB) are regarded as a promising energy storage candidate. However, soluble polyiodide shuttling and rampant Zn dendrite growth hamper its commercial implementation. Herein, a hetero-polyionic hydrogel is designed as the electrolyte for ZIBs. On the cathode side, iodophilic polycationic hydrogel (PCH) effectively alleviates the shuttle effect and facilitates the redox kinetics of iodine species. Meanwhile, polyanionic hydrogel (PAH) toward Zn metal anode uniformizes Zn2+ flux and prevents surface corrosion by electrostatic repulsion of polyiodides. Consequently, the Zn symmetric cells with PAH electrolyte demonstrate remarkable cycling stability over 3000 h at 1 mA cm-2 (1 mAh cm-2 ) and 800 h at 10 mA cm-2 (5 mAh cm-2 ). Moreover, the Zn-I2 full cells with PAH-PCH hetero-polyionic hydrogel electrolyte deliver a low-capacity decay of 0.008 ‰ per cycle during 18 000 cycles at 8 C. This work sheds light on hydrogel electrolytes design for long-life conversion-type aqueous batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zehua Yu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Rolls-Royce@NTU Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liangyuan Chen
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tuo Xiao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Da-Qian Cai
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Kang Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Peihua Yang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Jin Fan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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13
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Weng G, Yang X, Wang Z, Xu Y, Liu R. Hydrogel Electrolyte Enabled High-Performance Flexible Aqueous Zinc Ion Energy Storage Systems toward Wearable Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303949. [PMID: 37530198 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
To cater to the swift advance of flexible wearable electronics, there is growing demand for flexible energy storage system (ESS). Aqueous zinc ion energy storage systems (AZIESSs), characterizing safety and low cost, are competitive candidates for flexible energy storage. Hydrogels, as quasi-solid substances, are the appropriate and burgeoning electrolytes that enable high-performance flexible AZIESSs. However, challenges still remain in designing suitable and comprehensive hydrogel electrolyte, which provides flexible AZIESSs with high reversibility and versatility. Hence, the application of hydrogel electrolyte-based AZIESSs in wearable electronics is restricted. A thorough review is required for hydrogel electrolyte design to pave the way for high-performance flexible AZIESSs. This review delves into the engineering of desirable hydrogel electrolytes for flexible AZIESSs from the perspective of electrolyte designers. Detailed descriptions of hydrogel electrolytes in basic characteristics, Zn anode, and cathode stabilization effects as well as their functional properties are provided. Moreover, the application of hydrogel electrolyte-based flexible AZIESSs in wearable electronics is discussed, expecting to accelerate their strides toward lives. Finally, the corresponding challenges and future development trends are also presented, with the hope of inspiring readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Weng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhong Yang
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
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14
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Shriky B, Babenko M, Whiteside BR. Dissolving and Swelling Hydrogel-Based Microneedles: An Overview of Their Materials, Fabrication, Characterization Methods, and Challenges. Gels 2023; 9:806. [PMID: 37888379 PMCID: PMC10606778 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogels are a complex class of materials with one common feature-the ability to form three-dimensional networks capable of imbibing large amounts of water or biological fluids without being dissolved, acting as self-sustained containers for various purposes, including pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Transdermal pharmaceutical microneedles are a pain-free drug delivery system that continues on the path to widespread adoption-regulatory guidelines are on the horizon, and investments in the field continue to grow annually. Recently, hydrogels have generated interest in the field of transdermal microneedles due to their tunable properties, allowing them to be exploited as delivery systems and extraction tools. As hydrogel microneedles are a new emerging technology, their fabrication faces various challenges that must be resolved for them to redeem themselves as a viable pharmaceutical option. This article discusses hydrogel microneedles from a material perspective, regardless of their mechanism of action. It cites the recent advances in their formulation, presents relevant fabrication and characterization methods, and discusses manufacturing and regulatory challenges facing these emerging technologies before their approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bana Shriky
- Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | | | - Ben R. Whiteside
- Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
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15
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Zhang H, He N, Wang B, Ding B, Jiang B, Tang D, Li L. High-Performance, Highly Stretchable, Flexible Moist-Electric Generators via Molecular Engineering of Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300398. [PMID: 36812399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting energy from ubiquitous moisture has emerged as a promising technology, offering opportunities to power wearable electronics. However, low current density and inadequate stretching limit their integration into self-powered wearables. Herein, a high-performance, highly stretchable, and flexible moist-electric generator (MEG) is developed via molecular engineering of hydrogels. The molecular engineering involves the impregnation of lithium ions and sulfonic acid groups into the polymer molecular chains to create ion-conductive and stretchable hydrogels. This new strategy fully leverages the molecular structure of polymer chains, circumventing the addition of extra elastomers or conductors. A centimeter-sized hydrogel-based MEG can generate an open-circuit voltage of 0.81 V and a short-circuit current density of up to 480 µA cm-2 . This current density is more than ten times that of most reported MEGs. Moreover, molecular engineering improves the mechanical properties of hydrogels, resulting in a stretchability of 506%, representing the state-of-the-art level in reported MEGs. Notably, large-scale integration of the high-performance and stretchable MEGs is demonstrated to power wearables with integrated electronics, including respiration monitoring masks, smart helmets, and medical suits. This work provides fresh insights into the design of high-performance and stretchable MEGs, facilitating their application to self-powered wearables and broadening the application scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Nan He
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bingsen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ding
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
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16
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Zhao Q, Pan Z, Liu B, Bao C, Liu X, Sun J, Xie S, Wang Q, Wang J, Gao Y. Electrochromic-Induced Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries: An Integrated Multifunctional System for Cross-Domain Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:87. [PMID: 37029252 PMCID: PMC10082149 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional electrochromic-induced rechargeable aqueous batteries (MERABs) integrate electrochromism and aqueous ion batteries into one platform, which is able to deliver the conversion and storage of photo-thermal-electrochemical sources. Aqueous ion batteries compensate for the drawbacks of slow kinetic reactions and unsatisfied storage capacities of electrochromic devices. On the other hand, electrochromic technology can enable dynamically regulation of solar light and heat radiation. However, MERABs still face several technical issues, including a trade-off between electrochromic and electrochemical performance, low conversion efficiency and poor service life. In this connection, novel device configuration and electrode materials, and an optimized compatibility need to be considered for multidisciplinary applications. In this review, the unique advantages, key challenges and advanced applications are elucidated in a timely and comprehensive manner. Firstly, the prerequisites for effective integration of the working mechanism and device configuration, as well as the choice of electrode materials are examined. Secondly, the latest advances in the applications of MERABs are discussed, including wearable, self-powered, integrated systems and multisystem conversion. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and future development are outlined, highlighting the giant leap required from laboratory prototypes to large-scale production and eventual commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Zhenghui Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Changyuan Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Ximeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
| | - Shaorong Xie
- Department of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*Star, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Chen Y, Ren H, Rong D, Huang Y, He S, Rong Q. Stretchable all-in-one supercapacitor enabled by poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel electrolyte with low-temperature tolerance. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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