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Liu D, Liang M, Tao Y, Liu H, Liu Q, Bing W, Li W, Qi J. Hypoxia-accelerating pyroptosis nanoinducers for promoting image-guided cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122610. [PMID: 38749307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Precise image-guided cancer immunotherapy holds immense potential in revolutionizing cancer treatment. The strategies facilitating activatable imaging and controlled therapeutics are highly desired yet to be developed. Herein, we report a new pyroptosis nanoinducer that integrates aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with hypoxia-responsive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for advanced image-guided cancer immunotherapy. We first synthesize and compare three donor-acceptor type AIEgens featuring varying numbers of electron-withdrawing units, and find that the incorporation of two acceptors yields the longest response wavelength and most effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) property, surpassing the performance of analogs with one or three acceptor groups. A COF-based nanoplatform containing AIEgen and pyroptosis drug is successfully constructed via the one-pot method. The intra-COF energy transfer significantly quenches AIEgen, in which both fluorescence and PDT properties greatly enhance upon hypoxia-triggered COF degradation. Moreover, the photodynamic process exacerbates hypoxia, accelerating pyroptosis drug release. The nanoagent enables sensitive delineation of tumor site through in situ activatable fluorescence signature. Thanks to the exceptional ROS production capabilities and hypoxia-accelerating drug release, the nanoagent not only inhibits primary tumor growth but also impedes the progression of distant tumors in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice through potent pyroptosis-mediated immune response. This research introduces a novel strategy for achieving activatable phototheranostics and self-accelerating drug release for synergetic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China; School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mengyun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongyou Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wei Bing
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China; School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Li L, Liao Y, Fu S, Chen Z, Zhao T, Fang L, Li X. Efficient hydroxyl radical generation of an activatable phthalocyanine photosensitizer: oligomer higher than monomer and nanoaggregate. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10980-10988. [PMID: 39027302 PMCID: PMC11253117 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
It remains a challenge to develop a single-component organic photosensitizer that efficiently produces hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) without oxygen involvement, especially while maintaining tumor-targeting capability. Herein, we propose an intelligent molecular design strategy whereby a tumor-targeted phthalocyanine is initially ˙OH-free and can be activated by overexpressed β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide sodium salt hydrate (NAD(P)H) in hypoxic tumors to efficiently produce ˙OH under light irradiation. Furthermore, the oligomer models based on the phthalocyanine molecules were constructed by a supramolecular regulation strategy, which were in an intermediate state between monomer and nanoaggregate, to achieve enhanced ˙OH generation. The level of NAD(P)H in cancer cells can be exhausted through two pathways, including spontaneous redox and the photocatalytic redox of phthalocyanines. As a result, the in vivo and in vitro assays illustrated that the oligomeric phthalocyanine containing N-O units (OligPcNOB) can specifically target cancer cells and tumor tissue with overexpressing biotin receptors. OligPcNOB exhibited significant photocytotoxicity even in an extremely low oxygen environment and successfully inhibited tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yalan Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Shuwen Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Tinghe Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Luyue Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Xingshu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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Chen S, Zhan R, Zhou W, Wang L, Zhang W, Tian J. TME-Triggered Degradable Phototheranostic Nanoplatform for NIR-II Fluorescence Bioimaging-Guided Phototherapies and Immune Activation. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:768-774. [PMID: 38829688 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The low therapeutic efficacy and potential long-term toxicity of antitumor treatments seriously limit the clinical application of phototherapies. Herein, we develop a degradable phototheranostic nanoplatform for NIR-II fluorescence bioimaging-guided synergistic photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapies (PDT) and immune activation to inhibit tumor growth. The phototheranostic nanoplatform (CX@PSS) consists of multidisulfide-containing polyurethane loaded with a photosensitizer CX, which can be specifically degraded in the GSH overexpressed tumor microenvironment (TME) and exhibits good NIR-II fluorescence, photodynamic, and photothermal properties. Under 808 nm light irradiation, CX@PSS exhibits efficient photothermal conversion and ROS generation, which further induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), releasing tumor-associated antigens and activating the immune response. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm the potential of CX@PSS in NIR II FL imaging-guided tumor treatments by synergistic PTT, PDT, and immune activation. This work is expected to provide a new pathway for clinical applications of imaging-guided tumor diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rumeng Zhan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Wang G, Tang BZ, Gu X. Manipulation of Nonradiative Process Based on the Aggregation Microenvironment to Customize Excited-State Energy Conversion. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1360-1371. [PMID: 38669148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusNonradiative processes with the determined role in excited-state energy conversion, such as internal conversion (IC), vibrational relaxation (VR), intersystem crossing (ISC), and energy or electron transfer (ET or eT), have exerted a crucial effect on biological functions in nature. Inspired by these, nonradiative process manipulation has been extensively utilized to develop organic functional materials in the fields of energy and biomedicine. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge and effective manipulation of sophisticated nonradiative processes for achieving high-efficiency excited-state energy conversion are quintessential. So far, many strategies focused on molecular engineering have demonstrated tremendous potential in manipulating nonradiative processes to tailor excited-state energy conversion. Besides, molecular aggregation considerably affects nonradiative processes due to their ultrasensitivity, thus providing us with another essential approach to manipulating nonradiative processes, such as the famous aggregation-induced emission. However, the weak interactions established upon aggregation, namely, the aggregation microenvironment (AME), possess hierarchical, dynamic, and systemic characteristics and are extremely complicated to elucidate. Revealing the relationship between the AME and nonradiative process and employing it to customize excited-state energy conversion would greatly promote advanced materials in energy utilization, biomedicine, etc., but remain a huge challenge. Our group has devoted much effort to achieving this goal.In this Account, we focus on our recent developments in nonradiative process manipulation based on AME. First, we provide insight into the effect of the AME on nonradiative process in terms of its steric effect and electronic regulation, illustrating the possibility of nonradiative process manipulation through AME modulation. Second, the distinct enhanced steric effect is established by crystallization and heterogeneous polymerization to conduct crystallization-induced reversal from dark to bright excited states and dynamic hardening-triggered nonradiative process suppression for highly efficient luminescence. Meanwhile, promoting the ISC process and stabilizing the triplet state are also manipulated by the crystal and polymer matrix to induce room-temperature phosphorescence. Furthermore, the strategies employed to exploit nonradiative processes for photothermy and photosensitization are reviewed. For photothermal conversion, besides the weakened steric effect with promoted molecular motions, a new strategy involving the introduction of diradicals upon aggregation to narrow the energy band gap and enhance intermolecular interactions is put forward to facilitate IC and VR for high-efficiency photothermal conversion. For photosensitization, both the enhanced steric effect from the rigid matrix and the effective electronic regulation from the electron-rich microenvironment are demonstrated to facilitate ISC, ET, and eT for superior photosensitization. Finally, we explore the existing challenges and future directions of nonradiative process manipulation by AME modulation for customized excited-state energy conversion. We hope that this Account will be of wide interest to readers from different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Tang X, Chen L, Wang Y, Chen P, Li LS, Yang X, Zhao MX. Multimodal phototherapy agents target lipid droplets for near-infrared imaging-guided type I photodynamic/photothermal therapy. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:394-406. [PMID: 38615810 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The construction and optimization of a single phototherapeutic agent with photoluminescence, type I photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) functions remain challenging. In this study, we aimed to design and synthesize four donor-acceptor (D-A) type aggregation-induced emission molecules: PSI, TPSI, PSSI, and TPSSI. We employed phenothiazine as an electron donor and 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylidene)indan as a strong electron acceptor in the synthesis process. Among them, TPSSI exhibited efficient type I reactive oxygen species generation, high photothermal conversion efficiency (45.44 %), and near-infrared emission. These observations can be attributed to the introduction of a triphenylamine electron donor group and a thiophene unit, which resulted in increased D-A strengths, a reduced singlet-triplet energy gap, and increased free intramolecular motion. TPSSI was loaded into bovine serum albumin to prepare biocompatible TPSSI nanoparticles (NPs). Our results have indicated that TPSSI NPs can target lipid droplets with negligible dark toxicity and can efficiently generate O2•- in hypoxic tumor environments. Moreover, TPSSI NPs selectively targeted 4T1 tumor tissues and exhibited a good PDT-PTT synergistic effect in vitro and in vivo. We believe that the successful preparation of multifunctional phototherapeutic agents will promote the development of efficient tumor diagnosis and treatment technologies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The construction of a single phototherapeutic agent with photoluminescence, type I photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy functions, and its optimization remain challenging. In this study, we construct four donor-acceptor aggregation-induced emission molecules using phenothiazine as an electron donor and 1,3-Bis(dicyanomethylidene)indan as a strong electron acceptor. By optimizing the molecular structure, an integrated phototherapy agent with fluorescence imaging ability and high photodynamic / photothermal therapy performance was prepared. We believe that the successful preparation of multifunctional phototherapeutic agents will promote the development of efficient tumor diagnosis and treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Pengwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lin-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mei-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Li Y, Zhou H, Zhao Z, Yan S, Chai Y. Mitoxantrone encapsulated photosensitizer nanomicelle as carrier-free theranostic nanomedicine for near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided chemo-photodynamic combination therapy on cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124025. [PMID: 38513816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Combination therapy exhibits higher efficacy than any single therapy, inspiring various nanocarrier-assisted multi-drug co-delivery systems for the combined treatment of cancer. However, most nanocarriers are inert and non-therapeutic and have potential side effects. Herein, an amphiphilic polymer composed of a hydrophobic photosensitizer and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) was employed as the nanocarriers and photosensitizers to encapsulate the chemotherapeutic drug mitoxantrone for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. The resulting nanodrug consisted solely of pharmacologically active ingredients, thus avoiding potential toxicity induced by inert excipients. This multifunctional nanoplatform demonstrated significantly superior treatment performance compared to monotherapy for colorectal cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, achieving near-infrared fluorescence imaging-mediated chemo-photodynamic combined eradication of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Susu Yan
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Chai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Fan X, Lv S, Lv F, Feng E, Liu D, Zhou P, Song F. Type-I Photodynamic Therapy Induced by Pt-Coordination of Type-II Photosensitizers into Supramolecular Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304113. [PMID: 38182543 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Platinum supramolecular complexes based on photosensitizers have garnered great interest in photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to Pt (II) centers as chemotherapeutic agents to eliminate tumor cells completely, which greatly improve the antitumor efficacy of PDT. However, in comparison to precursor photosensitizer ligand, the formed platinum supramolecular complexes typically exhibit inferior outcomes in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. How to boost ROS generation in the formed platinum supramolecular complexes for enhanced PDT is an enticing yet highly challenging task. Here we report a Pt-coordination-based dimeric photosensitizer complex (Cz-BTZ-Py)2Pt(OTf)2. It is found that comparing with photosensitizer ligand Cz-BTZ-Py, the formed supramolecular complex exhibit redshifts of absorption wavelength as well as enhanced ROS generation efficiency. Moreover, type-I ROS generation (O2⋅-) is produced in the formed platinum supramolecular complexes mainly due to a reduced energy gap ΔEST resulting from exciton coupling between two photosensitizer ligands. And type-I ROS (O2⋅-) generation significantly amplifies the photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes. In vitro evaluation shows excellent photochemotherapy performance of (Cz-BTZ-Py)2Pt(OTf)2 nanoparticles. We anticipate this work would provide a novel approach to design type-I photosensitizers for efficient PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fan
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shibo Lv
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, A301 Virtual University Park in South District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Fangyuan Lv
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, A301 Virtual University Park in South District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Erting Feng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, A301 Virtual University Park in South District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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8
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Sreejaya MM, M Pillai V, A A, Baby M, Bera M, Gangopadhyay M. Mechanistic analysis of viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probes for applications in diabetes detection. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2917-2937. [PMID: 38421297 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02697c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most detrimental diseases affecting the human life because it can initiate several other afflictions such as liver damage, kidney malfunctioning, and cardiac inflammation. The primary method for diabetes diagnosis involves the analysis of blood samples to quantify the level of glucose, while secondary diagnostic methods involve the qualitative analysis of obesity, fatigue, etc. However, all these symptoms start showing up only when the patient has been suffering from diabetes for a certain period of time. In order to avoid such delay in diagnosis, the development of specific fluorescent probes has attracted considerable attention. Prominent biomarkers for diabetes include abundance of certain analytes in blood serum, e.g., glucose, methylglyoxal, albumin, and reactive oxygen species; high intracellular viscosity; alteration of enzyme functionality, etc. Among these, high viscosity can greatly affect the fluorescence properties of various chromophores owing to the environment sensitivity of fluorescence spectra. In this review article, we have illustrated the application of some prominent fluorophores such as coumarin, BODIPY, xanthene, and rhodamine in the development of viscosity-dependent fluorescent probes. Detailed mechanistic aspects determining the influence of viscosity on the fluorescent properties of the probes have also been elaborated. Fluorescence mechanisms that are directly affected by the high-viscosity heterogeneous microenvironment are based on intramolecular rotations like twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT), aggregation-induced emission (AIE), and through-bond energy transfer (TBET). In this regard, this review article will be highly useful for researchers working in the field of diabetes treatment and fluorescent probes. It also provides a platform for the planning of futuristic clinical translation of fluorescent probes for the early-stage diagnosis and therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Sreejaya
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | - Vineeth M Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | - Ayesha A
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | - Maanas Baby
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
| | | | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India.
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Zhang K, Cai L, Fan J, Song Y, Lin L, Wang CK, Li J. Conformational Isomerization Effect on Singlet/Triplet Energy Consumption Process of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules with Aggregation Induced Emission: A QM/MM Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2436-2446. [PMID: 38394771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties hold tremendous potential in biomedical sensing/imaging and telecommunications. In this study, a multiscale method combined with thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) theory is used to investigate the photophysical properties of the novel TADF molecule CNPy-SPAC in toluene and crystal and amorphous states. In the crystal state, an increase in radiative rates and a decrease in nonradiative rates lead to AIE. Additionally, conformational isomerization effects result in significantly different luminescent efficiencies between the two crystal structures. Furthermore, the isomerization effect allows for the coexistence of three configurations in the amorphous state. Among them, the non-TADF quasi-axial (Qa) configuration may facilitate energy transfer to the TADF-characteristic quasi-equal/quasi-equal-H (Qe/Qe-H) configurations, enhancing AIE. Moreover, the Qa configuration enables rapid electron transport, offering the potential for self-doped devices. Our work elucidates a new mechanism for the isomerization effect in AIE-TADF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Yuzhi Song
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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