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Wang C, Wang T, Gao Y, Tao Q, Ye W, Jia Y, Zhao X, Zhang B, Zhang Z. Multiplexed immunosensing of cancer biomarkers on a split-float-gate graphene transistor microfluidic biochip. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:317-326. [PMID: 38087953 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the development of a novel microfluidic biosensor using a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) design for the parallel label-free analysis of multiple biomarkers. Overcoming the persistent challenge of constructing μm2-sized FET sensitive interfaces that incorporate multiple receptors, we implement a split-float-gate structure that enables the manipulation of multiplexed biochemical functionalization using microfluidic channels. Immunoaffinity biosensing experiments are conducted using the mixture samples containing three liver cancer biomarkers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), α-fetoprotein (AFP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH). The results demonstrate the capability of our label-free biochip to quantitatively detect multiple target biomarkers simultaneously by observing the kinetics in 10 minutes, with the detection limit levels in the nanomolar range. This microfluidic biosensor provides a valuable analytical tool for rapid multi-target biosensing, which can be potentially utilized for domiciliary tests of cancer screening and prognosis, obviating the need for sophisticated instruments and professional operations in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, College of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yujing Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, College of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qiya Tao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Weixiang Ye
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Optoelectrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Industrialization Center of Micro/Nano ICs and Devices, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Industrialization Center of Micro/Nano ICs and Devices, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
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Zarepour A, Karasu Ç, Mir Y, Nematollahi MH, Iravani S, Zarrabi A. Graphene- and MXene-based materials for neuroscience: diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6687-6710. [PMID: 37646462 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01114c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
MXenes and graphene are two-dimensional materials that have gained increasing attention in neuroscience, particularly in sensing, theranostics, and biomedical engineering. Various composites of graphene and MXenes with fascinating thermal, optical, magnetic, mechanical, and electrical properties have been introduced to develop advanced nanosystems for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, as exemplified in the case of biosensors for neurotransmitter detection. These biosensors display high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, making them promising tools for neuroscience research. MXenes have been employed to create high-resolution neural interfaces for neuroelectronic devices, develop neuro-receptor-mediated synapse devices, and stimulate the electrophysiological maturation of neural circuits. On the other hand, graphene/derivatives exhibit therapeutic applicability in neuroscience, as exemplified in the case of graphene oxide for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. While MXenes and graphene have potential benefits in neuroscience, there are also challenges/limitations associated with their use, such as toxicity, environmental impacts, and limited understanding of their properties. In addition, large-scale production and commercialization as well as optimization of reaction/synthesis conditions and clinical translation studies are very important aspects. Thus, it is important to consider the use of these materials in neuroscience research and conduct further research to obtain an in-depth understanding of their properties and potential applications. By addressing issues related to biocompatibility, long-term stability, targeted delivery, electrical interfaces, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, MXenes and graphene have the potential to greatly advance the field of neuroscience and pave the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders. Herein, recent advances in therapeutic and diagnostic applications of graphene- and MXene-based materials in neuroscience are discussed, focusing on important challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Çimen Karasu
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yousof Mir
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Castro KPR, Colombo RNP, Iost RM, da Silva BGR, Crespilho FN. Low-dimensionality carbon-based biosensors: the new era of emerging technologies in bioanalytical chemistry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04578-x. [PMID: 36757464 PMCID: PMC9909134 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the last decade, carbon nanomaterials have had a notable impact on different fields such as bioimaging, drug delivery, artificial tissue engineering, and biosensors. This is due to their good compatibility toward a wide range of chemical to biological molecules, low toxicity, and tunable properties. Especially for biosensor technology, the characteristic features of each dimensionality of carbon-based materials may influence the performance and viability of their use. Surface area, porous network, hybridization, functionalization, synthesis route, the combination of dimensionalities, purity levels, and the mechanisms underlying carbon nanomaterial interactions influence their applications in bioanalytical chemistry. Efforts are being made to fully understand how nanomaterials can influence biological interactions, to develop commercially viable biosensors, and to gain knowledge on the biomolecular processes associated with carbon. Here, we present a comprehensive review highlighting the characteristic features of the dimensionality of carbon-based materials in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P. R. Castro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Rafael N. P. Colombo
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Iost
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Beatriz G. R. da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
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Kang M, Lee S. Graphene for Nanobiosensors and Nanobiochips. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1351:203-232. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4923-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lu HW, Kane AA, Parkinson J, Gao Y, Hajian R, Heltzen M, Goldsmith B, Aran K. The promise of graphene-based transistors for democratizing multiomics studies. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113605. [PMID: 34537553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As biological research has synthesized genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics into systems biology, a new multiomics approach to biological research has emerged. Today, multiomics studies are challenging and expensive. An experimental platform that could unify the multiple omics approaches to measurement could increase access to multiomics data by enabling more individual labs to successfully attempt multiomics studies. Field effect biosensing based on graphene transistors have gained significant attention as a potential unifying technology for such multiomics studies. This review article highlights the outstanding performance characteristics that makes graphene field effect transistor an attractive sensing platform for a wide variety of analytes important to system biology. In addition to many studies demonstrating the biosensing capabilities of graphene field effect transistors, they are uniquely suited to address the challenges of multiomics studies by providing an integrative multiplex platform for large scale manufacturing using the well-established processes of semiconductor industry. Furthermore, the resulting digital data is readily analyzable by machine learning to derive actionable biological insight to address the challenge of data compatibility for multiomics studies. A critical stage of systems biology will be democratizing multiomics study, and the graphene field effect transistor is uniquely positioned to serve as an accessible multiomics platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Wei Lu
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA; Cardea Bio, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | - Reza Hajian
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA; Cardea Bio, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Kiana Aran
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA; Cardea Bio, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Singh A, Sharma A, Ahmed A, Sundramoorthy AK, Furukawa H, Arya S, Khosla A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors: Applications, Challenges, and Future Scope. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 34562926 PMCID: PMC8472208 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical biosensors are a class of biosensors which convert biological information such as analyte concentration that is a biological recognition element (biochemical receptor) into current or voltage. Electrochemical biosensors depict propitious diagnostic technology which can detect biomarkers in body fluids such as sweat, blood, feces, or urine. Combinations of suitable immobilization techniques with effective transducers give rise to an efficient biosensor. They have been employed in the food industry, medical sciences, defense, studying plant biology, etc. While sensing complex structures and entities, a large data is obtained, and it becomes difficult to manually interpret all the data. Machine learning helps in interpreting large sensing data. In the case of biosensors, the presence of impurity affects the performance of the sensor and machine learning helps in removing signals obtained from the contaminants to obtain a high sensitivity. In this review, we discuss different types of biosensors along with their applications and the benefits of machine learning. This is followed by a discussion on the challenges, missing gaps in the knowledge, and solutions in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for scientists and engineers entering the interdisciplinary field of electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, this review provides insight into the type of electrochemical biosensors, their applications, the importance of machine learning (ML) in biosensing, and challenges and future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Singh
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Aamir Ahmed
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India;
| | - Hidemitsu Furukawa
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
| | - Sandeep Arya
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ajit Khosla
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
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Xia H, Li N, Huang W, Song Y, Jiang Y. Enzymatic Cascade Reactions Mediated by Highly Efficient Biomimetic Quasi Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22240-22253. [PMID: 33966390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The integration of chemo- and enzymatic catalysis for effective multistep cascades has presented critical challenges for decades. In this work, the biomimetic quasi NH2-MIL-101 (qNM) with highly efficient peroxidase-like activity was synthesized via a palmitic acid-induced strategy followed by pyrolysis. The effects of the amount of palmitic acid and calcination temperature on the synthesis of qNM were optimized. It was found that qNM was an excellent catalyst for oxidations of various peroxidase substrates, and a possible mechanism was proposed, i.e., the presence of FeII species in qNM was responsible for its excellent activity, which facilitated the transition between FeII and FeIII species to produce more hydroxyl radicals by H2O2 decomposition. The qNM served as the potential matrix for enzyme immobilization through a cross-linking method, and kinetic studies revealed that the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for the immobilized GOx (23.7 mM-1 s-1) is comparable to that of free GOx (26.9 mM-1 s-1). The immobilized GOx also showed improved stability against high temperatures and organic solvents compared to free GOx, and analysis of the secondary structure of GOx indicated that the improved stability resulted from enzyme rigidity by the intense covalent linkage with qNM. Furthermore, qNM contributed its biomimetic activity to cooperate with a single enzyme (GOx) or two enzymes (β-Gal and GOx) for the enzymatic cascade reactions. Compared with the mixture of each component in the solution, the combination of the single-enzyme system (GOx) or the two-enzyme system (β-Gal and GOx) in qNM achieved 2.67-fold and 1.83-fold enhancements in the activity of catalytic cascades, respectively. This study provides new insights into the construction of effective and synergistic cascade reactions by integrating biomimetic MOF with natural enzyme, which holds potential for applications in biotechnology and ecofriendly and biomimetic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenquan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanbin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Selas A, Martin-Encinas E, Fuertes M, Masdeu C, Rubiales G, Palacios F, Alonso C. A patent review of topoisomerase I inhibitors (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:473-508. [PMID: 33475439 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1879051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Topoisomerases are important targets for therapeutic improvement in the treatment of some diseases, including cancer. Inhibitors and poisons of topoisomerase I can limit the activity of this enzyme in its enzymatic cycle. This fact implies an anticancer effect of these drugs, since most cancer cells are characterized by both a higher activity of topoisomerase I and a higher replication rate compared to non-cancerous cells. Clinically approved inhibitors include camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives. However, their limitations have encouraged different research groups to prepare new compounds, proof of which are the numerous research works and patents, some of them in the last five years. AREAS COVERED This review covers patent literature on topoisomerase I inhibitors and their application published between 2016-present. EXPERT OPINION The highest contribution toward patent development has been obtained from academics or small biotechnology companies. The most important fields of innovation include the preparation of prodrugs or inhibitors combined with other agents, as biocompatible polymers or antibodies. A promising development of topoisomerase I inhibitors is expected in the next years, directed to the treatment of diverse diseases, specifically toward different types of cancer and infectious diseases, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Selas
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Endika Martin-Encinas
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Fuertes
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Carme Masdeu
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gloria Rubiales
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Departamento De Química Orgánica I, Facultad De Farmacia. Universidad Del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Béraud A, Sauvage M, Bazán CM, Tie M, Bencherif A, Bouilly D. Graphene field-effect transistors as bioanalytical sensors: design, operation and performance. Analyst 2020; 146:403-428. [PMID: 33215184 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01661f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are emerging as bioanalytical sensors, in which their responsive electrical conductance is used to perform quantitative analyses of biologically-relevant molecules such as DNA, proteins, ions and small molecules. This review provides a detailed evaluation of reported approaches in the design, operation and performance assessment of GFET biosensors. We first dissect key design elements of these devices, along with most common approaches for their fabrication. We compare possible modes of operation of GFETs as sensors, including transfer curves, output curves and time series as well as their integration in real-time or a posteriori protocols. Finally, we review performance metrics reported for the detection and quantification of bioanalytes, and discuss limitations and best practices to optimize the use of GFETs as bioanalytical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Béraud
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Neubert TJ, Wehrhold M, Kaya NS, Balasubramanian K. Faradaic effects in electrochemically gated graphene sensors in the presence of redox active molecules. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:405201. [PMID: 32485689 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab98bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on graphene are promising devices for the direct sensing of a range of analytes in solution. We show here that the presence of redox active molecules in the analyte solution leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous electron transfer with graphene generating a Faradaic current (electron transfer) in a FET configuration resulting in shifts of the Dirac point. Such a shift occurs if the Faradaic current is significantly high, e.g. due to a large graphene area. Furthermore, the redox shift based on the Faradaic current, reminiscent of a doping-like effect, is found to be non-Nernstian and dependent on parameters known from electrode kinetics in potentiodynamic methods, such as the electrode area, the standard potential of the redox probes and the scan rate of the gate voltage modulation. This behavior clearly differentiates this effect from other transduction mechanisms based on electrostatic interactions or molecular charge transfer doping effects, which are usually behind a shift of the Dirac point. These observations suggest that large-area unmodified/pristine graphene in field-effect sensors behaves as a non-polarized electrode in liquid. Strategies for ensuring a polarized interface are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann J Neubert
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA), IRIS Adlershof and Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Institut für Silizium-Photovoltaik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Khan NI, Mousazadehkasin M, Ghosh S, Tsavalas JG, Song E. An integrated microfluidic platform for selective and real-time detection of thrombin biomarkers using a graphene FET. Analyst 2020; 145:4494-4503. [PMID: 32400815 PMCID: PMC7478360 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip technology offers an ideal platform for low-cost, reliable, and easy-to-use diagnostics of key biomarkers needed for early screening of diseases and other health concerns. In this work, a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) functionalized with target-binding aptamers is used as a biosensor for the detection of thrombin protein biomarker. Furthermore, this GFET is integrated with a microfluidic device for enhanced sensing performances in terms of detection limit, sensitivity, and continuous monitoring. Under this platform, a picomolar limit of detection was achieved for measuring thrombin; in our experiment measured as low as 2.6 pM. FTIR, Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements were performed to confirm the device functionalization steps. Based on the concentration-dependent calibration curve, a dissociation constant of KD = 375.8 pM was obtained. Continuous real-time measurements were also conducted under a constant gate voltage (VGS) to observe the transient response of the sensor when analyte was introduced to the device. The target selectivity of the sensor platform was evaluated and confirmed by challenging the GFET biosensor with various concentrations of lysozyme protein. The results suggest that this device technology has the potential to be used as a general diagnostic platform for measuring clinically relevant biomarkers for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niazul I Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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Chen TR, Lin YS, Wang YX, Lee WJ, Chen KHC, Chen JD. Graphene oxide-iridium nanocatalyst for the transformation of benzylic alcohols into carbonyl compounds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4436-4445. [PMID: 35495275 PMCID: PMC9049132 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalyst constructed from graphene oxide and iridium chloride exhibited high activity and reliability for the selective transformation of benzylic alcohols into aromatic aldehydes or ketones. Instead of thermal reaction, the transformation was performed under ultrasonication, a green process with low byproduct, high atomic yield and high selectivity. Experimental data obtained from spherical-aberration corrected field emission TEM (ULTRA-HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectra confirm the nanostructure of the title complex. Noticeably, the activity and selectivity for the transformation of benzylic alcohols remained unchanged within 25 catalytic cycles. The average turn over frequency is higher than 5000 h−1, while the total turnover number (TON) is more than one hundred thousand, making it a high greenness and eco-friendly process for alcohol oxidation. Graphene oxide–iridium nanostructure act as a robust catalyst exhibiting high activity and reliability for the selective transformation of benzylic alcohols into aromatic aldehydes or ketones.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun-Ren Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Ping Tung University Pingtong City Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Ping Tung University Pingtong City Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Ping Tung University Pingtong City Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jen Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, National Ping Tung University Pingtong City Taiwan
| | - Kelvin H-C Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Ping Tung University Pingtong City Taiwan
| | - Jhy-Der Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Yuan Christian University Chung-Li Taiwan
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Wang X, Hao Z, Olsen TR, Zhang W, Lin Q. Measurements of aptamer-protein binding kinetics using graphene field-effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12573-12581. [PMID: 31219127 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying interactions between biomolecules subject to various environmental conditions is essential for applications such as drug discovery and precision medicine. This paper presents an investigation of the kinetics of environmentally dependent biomolecular binding using an electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) nanosensor. In this approach, biomolecular binding occurring on and in the vicinity of a graphene surface induces a change in carrier concentration, whose resulting conductance change is measured. This allows a systematic study of the kinetic properties of the binding system. We apply this approach to the specific binding of human immunoglobulin E (IgE), an antibody involved in parasite immunity, with an aptamer at different ionic strengths (Na+ and Mg2+) and temperatures. Experimental results demonstrate increased-rate binding kinetics at higher salt-ion concentrations and temperatures. In particular, the divalent cation Mg2+ yields more pronounced changes in the conformational structure of the aptamer than the monovalent cation Na+. In addition, the dissociation of the aptamer-protein complex at room temperature is found to be characterized by large unfavorable changes in the activation enthalpy and entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhuang Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Timothy R Olsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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14
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Dale R, Ohmuro-Matsuyama Y, Ueda H, Kato N. Non-Steady State Analysis of Enzyme Kinetics in Real Time Elucidates Substrate Association and Dissociation Rates: Demonstration with Analysis of Firefly Luciferase Mutants. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2695-2702. [PMID: 31125202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Firefly luciferase has been widely used in biotechnology and biophotonics due to photon emission during enzymatic activity. In the past, the effect of amino acid substitutions (mutants) on the enzymatic activity of firefly luciferase has been characterized by the Michaelis constant, KM. The KM is obtained by plotting the maximum relative luminescence units (RLU) detected for several concentrations of the substrate (luciferin or luciferyl-adenylate). The maximum RLU is used because the assay begins to violate the quasi-steady state approximation when RLU decays as a function of time. However, mutations also affect the time to reach and decay from the maximum RLU. These effects are not captured when calculating the KM. To understand changes in the RLU kinetics of firefly luciferase mutants, we used a Michaelis-Menten model with the non-steady state approximation. In this model, we do not assume that the amount of enzyme-substrate complex is at equilibrium throughout the course of the experiment. We found that one of the two mutants analyzed in this study decreases not only the dissociation rate ( koff) but also the association rate ( kon) of luciferyl-adenylate, suggesting the narrowing of the structural pocket containing the catalytic amino acids. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the nearly complete oxidation of luciferyl-adenylate with wild-type and mutant firefly luciferase reveals that the total amount of photons emitted with the mutant is 50-fold larger than that with the wild type, on average. These two results together indicate that the slow supply of luciferyl-adenylate to the enzyme increases the total number of photons emitted from the substrate, luciferyl-adenylate. Analysis with the non-steady state approximation model is generally applicable when enzymatic production kinetics are monitored in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Dale
- Department of Biological Sciences , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
- Department of Experimental Statistics , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Yuki Ohmuro-Matsuyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama , Kanagawa 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama , Kanagawa 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Naohiro Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
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15
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Goldsmith BR, Locascio L, Gao Y, Lerner M, Walker A, Lerner J, Kyaw J, Shue A, Afsahi S, Pan D, Nokes J, Barron F. Digital Biosensing by Foundry-Fabricated Graphene Sensors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:434. [PMID: 30670783 PMCID: PMC6342992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing philosophy in biological testing has been to focus on simple tests with easy to interpret information such as ELISA or lateral flow assays. At the same time, there has been a decades long understanding in device physics and nanotechnology that electrical approaches have the potential to drastically improve the quality, speed, and cost of biological testing provided that computational resources are available to analyze the resulting complex data. This concept can be conceived of as "the internet of biology" in the same way miniaturized electronic sensors have enabled "the internet of things." It is well established in the nanotechnology literature that techniques such as field effect biosensing are capable of rapid and flexible biological testing. Until now, access to this new technology has been limited to academic researchers focused on bioelectronic devices and their collaborators. Here we show that this capability is retained in an industrially manufactured device, opening access to this technology generally. Access to this type of production opens the door for rapid deployment of nanoelectronic sensors outside the research space. The low power and resource usage of these biosensors enables biotech engineers to gain immediate control over precise biological and environmental data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Deng Pan
- Cardea Bio Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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16
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Franch O, Han X, Marcussen LB, Givskov A, Andersen MB, Godbole AA, Harmsen C, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Thomsen J, Pedersen FS, Wang Y, Shi D, Wejse C, Pødenphant L, Nagaraja V, Bertl J, Stougaard M, Ho YP, Hede MS, Labouriau R, Knudsen BR. A new DNA sensor system for specific and quantitative detection of mycobacteria. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:587-597. [PMID: 30556557 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07850e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we describe a novel DNA sensor system for specific and quantitative detection of mycobacteria, which is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Detection is achieved by using the enzymatic activity of the mycobacterial encoded enzyme topoisomerase IA (TOP1A) as a biomarker. The presented work is the first to describe how the catalytic activities of a member of the type IA family of topoisomerases can be exploited for specific detection of bacteria. The principle for detection relies on a solid support anchored DNA substrate with dual functions namely: (1) the ability to isolate mycobacterial TOP1A from crude samples and (2) the ability to be converted into a closed DNA circle upon reaction with the isolated enzyme. The DNA circle can act as a template for rolling circle amplification generating a tandem repeat product that can be visualized at the single molecule level by fluorescent labelling. This reaction scheme ensures specific, sensitive, and quantitative detection of the mycobacteria TOP1A biomarker as demonstrated by the use of purified mycobacterial TOP1A and extracts from an array of non-mycobacteria and mycobacteria species. When combined with mycobacteriophage induced lysis as a novel way of effective yet gentle extraction of the cellular content from the model Mycobacterium smegmatis, the DNA sensor system allowed detection of mycobacteria in small volumes of cell suspensions. Moreover, it was possible to detect M. smegmatis added to human saliva. Depending on the composition of the sample, we were able to detect 0.6 or 0.9 million colony forming units (CFU) per mL of mycobacteria, which is within the range of clinically relevant infection numbers. We, therefore, believe that the presented assay, which relies on techniques that can be adapted to limited resource settings, may be the first step towards the development of a new point-of-care diagnostic test for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Franch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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17
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Macedo LJA, Iost RM, Hassan A, Balasubramanian K, Crespilho FN. Bioelectronics and Interfaces Using Monolayer Graphene. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucyano J. A. Macedo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Iost
- Department of Chemistry School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA) and IRIS Adlershof; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin 10099 Germany
| | - Ayaz Hassan
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Kannan Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA) and IRIS Adlershof; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin 10099 Germany
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP 13560-970 Brazil
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18
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Analyte-driven self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets onto hydroxycamptothecin-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles for the determination of type I topoisomerases in cell extracts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6761-6769. [PMID: 30019082 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Type I topoisomerases (TOPOI), a potential diagnostic biomarker and a target for chemotherapeutic agents, play essential roles in DNA replication, transcription, chromosome segregation, and recombination. It is essential to develop analytical methods for accurate detection of TOPOI in biological fluids for early diagnosis of diseases. Here we show an assay for TOPOI on the basis of the target-induced self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) sheets onto hydroxycamptothecin-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (HCPT-UCNPs). The dipole-dipole coupling of HCPT-UCNPs (donor) and GO (acceptor) regulated by TOPOI enables Förster resonance energy transfer between the donor and the acceptor. Integration of minimal autofluorescence and highly specific affinity into the developed nanosensor allows reliable detection of TOPOI in the nanomolar range with the detection limit of 0.29 nM. The detection of TOPOI in breast cancer cells with recoveries from 96.3 to 103.7% shows the availability of the proposed assay in complicated samples. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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19
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Bramini M, Alberini G, Colombo E, Chiacchiaretta M, DiFrancesco ML, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Maragliano L, Benfenati F, Cesca F. Interfacing Graphene-Based Materials With Neural Cells. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:12. [PMID: 29695956 PMCID: PMC5904258 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific community has witnessed an exponential increase in the applications of graphene and graphene-based materials in a wide range of fields, from engineering to electronics to biotechnologies and biomedical applications. For what concerns neuroscience, the interest raised by these materials is two-fold. On one side, nanosheets made of graphene or graphene derivatives (graphene oxide, or its reduced form) can be used as carriers for drug delivery. Here, an important aspect is to evaluate their toxicity, which strongly depends on flake composition, chemical functionalization and dimensions. On the other side, graphene can be exploited as a substrate for tissue engineering. In this case, conductivity is probably the most relevant amongst the various properties of the different graphene materials, as it may allow to instruct and interrogate neural networks, as well as to drive neural growth and differentiation, which holds a great potential in regenerative medicine. In this review, we try to give a comprehensive view of the accomplishments and new challenges of the field, as well as which in our view are the most exciting directions to take in the immediate future. These include the need to engineer multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) able to cross the blood-brain-barrier to reach neural cells, and to achieve on-demand delivery of specific drugs. We describe the state-of-the-art in the use of graphene materials to engineer three-dimensional scaffolds to drive neuronal growth and regeneration in vivo, and the possibility of using graphene as a component of hybrid composites/multi-layer organic electronics devices. Last but not least, we address the need of an accurate theoretical modeling of the interface between graphene and biological material, by modeling the interaction of graphene with proteins and cell membranes at the nanoscale, and describing the physical mechanism(s) of charge transfer by which the various graphene materials can influence the excitability and physiology of neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulio Alberini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Chiacchiaretta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia L DiFrancesco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - José F Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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20
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Wang Z, Ouyang H, Tesauro C, Ottaviani A, He Y, Fiorani P, Xie H, Desideri A, Fu Z. Real-time analysis of cleavage and religation activity of human topoisomerase 1 based on ternary fluorescence resonance energy transfer DNA substrate. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 643:1-6. [PMID: 29458004 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human topoisomerase 1B is a ubiquitous and essential enzyme involved in relaxing the topological state of supercoiled DNA to allow the progression of fundamental DNA metabolism. Its enzymatic catalytic cycle consists of cleavage and religation reaction. A ternary fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor based on a suicide DNA substrate conjugated with three fluorophores has been developed to monitor both cleavage and religation Topoisomerase I catalytic function. The presence of fluorophores does not alter the specificity of the enzyme catalysis on the DNA substrate. The enzyme-mediated reaction can be tracked in real-time by simple fluorescence measurement, avoiding the use of risky radioactive substrate labeling and time-consuming denaturing gel electrophoresis. The method is applied to monitor the perturbation brought by single mutation on the cleavage or religation reaction and to screen the effect of the camptothecin anticancer drug monitoring the energy transfer decrease during religation reaction. Pathological mutations usually affect only the cleavage or the religation reaction and the proposed approach represent a fast protocol for assessing chemotherapeutic drug efficacy and analyzing mutant's properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy; Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cinzia Tesauro
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessio Ottaviani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Paola Fiorani
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, CNR, Via Del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Hui Xie
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Alessandro Desideri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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21
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Hede MS, Fjelstrup S, Lötsch F, Zoleko RM, Klicpera A, Groger M, Mischlinger J, Endame L, Veletzky L, Neher R, Simonsen AKW, Petersen E, Mombo-Ngoma G, Stougaard M, Ho YP, Labouriau R, Ramharter M, Knudsen BR. Detection of the Malaria causing Plasmodium Parasite in Saliva from Infected Patients using Topoisomerase I Activity as a Biomarker. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29515150 PMCID: PMC5841400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is among the major threats to global health with the main burden of disease being in rural areas of developing countries where accurate diagnosis based on non-invasive samples is in high demand. We here present a novel molecular assay for detection of malaria parasites based on technology that may be adapted for low-resource settings. Moreover, we demonstrate the exploitation of this assay for detection of malaria in saliva. The setup relies on pump-free microfluidics enabled extraction combined with a DNA sensor substrate that is converted to a single-stranded DNA circle specifically by topoisomerase I expressed by the malaria causing Plasmodium parasite. Subsequent rolling circle amplification of the generated DNA circle in the presence of biotin conjugated deoxynucleotides resulted in long tandem repeat products that was visualized colorimetrically upon binding of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and addition of 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine that was converted to a blue colored product by HRP. The assay was directly quantitative, specific for Plasmodium parasites, and allowed detection of Plasmodium infection in a single drop of saliva from 35 out of 35 infected individuals tested. The results could be determined directly by the naked eye and documented by quantifying the color intensity using a standard paper scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Søren Fjelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Felix Lötsch
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Medicine, I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anna Klicpera
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Mirjam Groger
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Johannes Mischlinger
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Medicine, I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lilian Endame
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Luzia Veletzky
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Ronja Neher
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Eskild Petersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Michael Ramharter
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Medicine, I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgitta Ruth Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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22
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Ramakrishna TRB, Nalder TD, Yang W, Marshall SN, Barrow CJ. Controlling enzyme function through immobilisation on graphene, graphene derivatives and other two dimensional nanomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3200-3218. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlling enzyme function through immobilisation on graphene, graphene derivatives and other two dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini R. B. Ramakrishna
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Australia
- Seafood Unit
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
| | - Tim D. Nalder
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Australia
- Seafood Unit
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Australia
| | - Susan N. Marshall
- Seafood Unit
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
- Nelson 7010
- New Zealand
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Australia
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23
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Kristoffersen EL, Givskov A, Jørgensen LA, Jensen PW, W Byl JA, Osheroff N, Andersen AH, Stougaard M, Ho YP, Knudsen BR. Interlinked DNA nano-circles for measuring topoisomerase II activity at the level of single decatenation events. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7855-7869. [PMID: 28541438 PMCID: PMC5570003 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA nano-structures present appealing new means for monitoring different molecules. Here, we demonstrate the assembly and utilization of a surface-attached double-stranded DNA catenane composed of two intact interlinked DNA nano-circles for specific and sensitive measurements of the life essential topoisomerase II (Topo II) enzyme activity. Topo II activity was detected via the numeric release of DNA nano-circles, which were visualized at the single-molecule level in a fluorescence microscope upon isothermal amplification and fluorescence labeling. The transition of each enzymatic reaction to a micrometer sized labeled product enabled quantitative detection of Topo II activity at the single decatenation event level rendering activity measurements in extracts from as few as five cells possible. Topo II activity is a suggested predictive marker in cancer therapy and, consequently, the described highly sensitive monitoring of Topo II activity may add considerably to the toolbox of individualized medicine where decisions are based on very sparse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil L Kristoffersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center - iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Asger Givskov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line A Jørgensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pia W Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jo Ann W Byl
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Anni H Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center - iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Birgitta R Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center - iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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24
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Kwon SS, Shin JH, Choi J, Nam S, Park WI. Defect-Mediated Molecular Interaction and Charge Transfer in Graphene Mesh-Glucose Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14216-14221. [PMID: 28374989 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the role of defects in enzymatic graphene field-effect transistor sensors by introducing engineered defects in graphene channels. Compared with conventional graphene sensors (Gr sensors), graphene mesh sensors (GM sensors), with an array of circular holes, initially exhibited a higher irreversible response to glucose, involving strong chemisorption to edge defects. However, after immobilization of glucose oxidase, the irreversibility of the responses was substantially diminished, without any reduction in the sensitivity of the GM sensors (i.e., -0.53 mV/mM for the GM sensor vs -0.37 mV/mM for Gr sensor). Furthermore, multiple cycle operation led to rapid sensing and improved the reversibility of GM sensors. In addition, control tests with sensors containing a linker showed that sensitivity was increased in Gr sensors but decreased in GM sensors. Our findings indicate that edge defects can be used to replace linkers for immobilization of glucose oxidase and improve charge transfer across glucose oxidase-graphene interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Sang Kwon
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeok Shin
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jonghyun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Won Il Park
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
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25
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Compagnone D, Francia GD, Natale CD, Neri G, Seeber R, Tajani A. Chemical Sensors and Biosensors in Italy: A Review of the 2015 Literature. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040868. [PMID: 28420110 PMCID: PMC5424745 DOI: 10.3390/s17040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The contributions of Italian researchers to sensor research in 2015 is reviewed. The analysis of the activities in one year allows one to obtain a snapshot of the Italian scenario capturing the main directions of the research activities. Furthermore, the distance of more than one year makes meaningful the bibliometric analysis of the reviewed papers. The review shows a research community distributed among different scientific disciplines, from chemistry, physics, engineering, and material science, with a strong interest in collaborative works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Di Francia
- ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, P.le E. Fermi 1, Napoli 80055, Italy.
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Renato Seeber
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Antonella Tajani
- Department of Physical Science and Technologies of Matter, National Research Council, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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Real-time reliable determination of binding kinetics of DNA hybridization using a multi-channel graphene biosensor. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14902. [PMID: 28322227 PMCID: PMC5364407 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable determination of binding kinetics and affinity of DNA hybridization and single-base mismatches plays an essential role in systems biology, personalized and precision medicine. The standard tools are optical-based sensors that are difficult to operate in low cost and to miniaturize for high-throughput measurement. Biosensors based on nanowire field-effect transistors have been developed, but reliable and cost-effective fabrication remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that a graphene single-crystal domain patterned into multiple channels can measure time- and concentration-dependent DNA hybridization kinetics and affinity reliably and sensitively, with a detection limit of 10 pM for DNA. It can distinguish single-base mutations quantitatively in real time. An analytical model is developed to estimate probe density, efficiency of hybridization and the maximum sensor response. The results suggest a promising future for cost-effective, high-throughput screening of drug candidates, genetic variations and disease biomarkers by using an integrated, miniaturized, all-electrical multiplexed, graphene-based DNA array. Monitoring DNA binding and single-base mismatches accurately in real time is difficult, especially for miniaturized devices. Here the authors report a graphene field-effect transistor array capable of reliably measuring DNA hybridization kinetics and affinity at the picomolar level.
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27
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Andersen MB, Tesauro C, Gonzalez M, Kristoffersen EL, Alonso C, Rubiales G, Coletta A, Frøhlich R, Stougaard M, Ho YP, Palacios F, Knudsen BR. Advantages of an optical nanosensor system for the mechanistic analysis of a novel topoisomerase I targeting drug: a case study. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1886-1895. [PMID: 28094391 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06848k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The continuous need for the development of new small molecule anti-cancer drugs calls for easily accessible sensor systems for measuring the effect of vast numbers of new drugs on their potential cellular targets. Here we demonstrate the use of an optical DNA biosensor to unravel the inhibitory mechanism of a member of a new family of small molecule human topoisomerase I inhibitors, the so-called indeno-1,5-naphthyridines. By analysing human topoisomerase I catalysis on the biosensor in the absence or presence of added drug complemented with a few traditional assays, we demonstrate that the investigated member of the indeno-1,5-naphthyridine family inhibited human topoisomerase I activity by blocking enzyme-DNA dissociation. To our knowledge, this represents the first characterized example of a small molecule drug that inhibits a post-ligation step of catalysis. The elucidation of a completely new and rather surprising drug mechanism-of-action using an optical real time sensor highlights the value of this assay system in the search for new topoisomerase I targeting small molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, Bldg 1131, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Cinzia Tesauro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, Bldg 1131, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - María Gonzalez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Emil L Kristoffersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, Bldg 1131, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gloria Rubiales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Andrea Coletta
- Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Frøhlich
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, Bldg 1131, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Pathology, Nørrebrogade 44 building 18B, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, Bldg 1131, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Birgitta R Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, Bldg 1131, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Mao S, Chang J, Pu H, Lu G, He Q, Zhang H, Chen J. Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors for chemical and biological sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6872-6904. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00827e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent progress in graphene-, 2D transition metal dichalcogenide-, and 2D black phosphorus-based FET sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Jingbo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Haihui Pu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | | | - Qiyuan He
- Center for Programmable Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
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29
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Iost RM, Crespilho FN, Kern K, Balasubramanian K. A primary battery-on-a-chip using monolayer graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:29LT01. [PMID: 27299799 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/29/29lt01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present here a bottom-up approach for realizing on-chip on-demand batteries starting out with chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene. Single graphene monolayers contacted by electrode lines on a silicon chip serve as electrodes. The anode and cathode are realized by electrodeposition of zinc and copper respectively onto graphene, leading to the realization of a miniature graphene-based Daniell cell on a chip. The electrolyte is housed partly in a gel and partly in liquid form in an on-chip enclosure molded using a 3d printer or made out of poly(dimethylsiloxane). The realized batteries provide a stable voltage (∼1.1 V) for many hours and exhibit capacities as high as 15 μAh, providing enough power to operate a pocket calculator. The realized batteries show promise for deployment as on-chip power sources for autonomous systems in lab-on-a-chip or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Iost
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
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