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Nie X, Li G, Wang Y, Luo Y, Song L, Yang S, Wan Q. Highly efficient removal of Cr(VI) by hexapod-like pyrite nanosheet clusters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127504. [PMID: 34678566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrite nanomaterials show an excellent performance in remediating Cr(VI) contaminated wastewater. However, the high surface reactivity makes them easy to agglomerate to reduce their removal efficiency for Cr(VI). In this study, a novel hexapod-like pyrite nanosheet clusters material was successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method with the assistance of fluorides. The products were pyrite microspherulites without fluoride ion. The hexapod-like pyrite nanosheet clusters had dramatically higher Cr(VI) removal efficiencies than microspherulites due to more dissolved Fe(II) and S(-II) into the suspension released for nanosheet clusters should be responsible for the enhanced removal rate of Cr(VI). The XPS analysis revealed that the rapid adsorption on the surface of pyrite nanosheet clusters followed by reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by FeS2 and subsequent precipitation of Cr(III) hydroxides/oxyhydroxides are responsible for the high removal capacity of Cr(VI). The hexapod-like pyrite nanosheet clusters material had high stability and longevity, and did not aggregate during the Cr(VI) removal process. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was still 100% after 5 cycles. Our study shows that the hexapod-like pyrite nanosheet clusters material could be acted as a recyclable and promising mineral material with high activity, stability, feasibility for remediating Cr(VI) contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Yingmei Luo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Lei Song
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, 115 Gaoxin Road, Wudang District, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Quan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China.
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2
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Uchiyama S, Sato R, Katsube R, Islam MM, Adachi H, Sakurai T, Nose Y, Ishikawa Y. Optical and Electrical Transport Evaluations of n-Type Iron Pyrite Single Crystals. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31358-31365. [PMID: 34841179 PMCID: PMC8613854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron pyrite [cubic FeS2 (cFeS2)] is considered as an earth-abundant and low-cost thin-film photovoltaic material. However, the conversion efficiency of cFeS2-based solar cells remains below 3%. To elucidate this limitation, we evaluate the optical and electrical characteristics of cFeS2 single crystals that are grown using the flux method, thus providing us an understanding of the electron transport behavior of cFeS2 single crystals. The oxide layer on the surface of cFeS2, which can possibly have an influence on the electrical characteristics of cFeS2, is removed prior to characterization via optical spectroscopy and electrical transport measurement. The optical property of cFeS2 was found to have both indirect and direct transitions. We also observed the presence of a band tail below the conduction band. The obtained electrical transport behavior indicates that cFeS2 bulk exhibits a high defect density and a disordered phase, thus leading to the hopping conduction mechanism. Our results will pave the way for the development of photovoltaic applications with iron pyrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Uchiyama
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute
of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute
of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryoji Katsube
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto
University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Muhammad Monirul Islam
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hideaki Adachi
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute
of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Advanced
Research Division, Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8501, Japan
| | - Takeaki Sakurai
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Nose
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto
University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Ishikawa
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute
of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- College
of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin
University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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3
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Ma K, Lefèvre R, Li Q, Lago J, Blacque O, Yang W, von Rohr FO. Synthetic control over polymorph formation in the d-band semiconductor system FeS 2. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13870-13877. [PMID: 34760172 PMCID: PMC8549780 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrite, also known as fool's gold is the thermodynamic stable polymorph of FeS2. It is widely considered as a promising d-band semiconductor for various applications due to its intriguing physical properties. Marcasite is the other naturally occurring polymorph of FeS2. Measurements on natural crystals have shown that it has similarly promising electronic, mechanical, and optical properties as pyrite. However, it has been only scarcely investigated so far, because the laboratory-based synthesis of phase-pure samples or high quality marcasite single crystal has been a challenge until now. Here, we report the targeted phase formation via hydrothermal synthesis of marcasite and pyrite. The formation condition and phase purity of the FeS2 polymorphs are systematically studied in the form of a comprehensive synthesis map. We, furthermore, report on a detailed analysis of marcasite single crystal growth by a space-separated hydrothermal synthesis. We observe that single phase product of marcasite forms only on the surface under the involvement of H2S and sulphur vapor. The availability of high-quality crystals of marcasite allows us to measure the fundamental physical properties, including an allowed direct optical bandgap of 0.76 eV, temperature independent diamagnetism, an electronic transport gap of 0.11 eV, and a room-temperature carrier concentration of 4.14 × 1018 cm-3. X-ray absorption/emission spectroscopy are employed to measure the band gap of the two FeS2 phases. We find marcasite has a band gap of 0.73 eV, while pyrite has a band gap of 0.87 eV. Our results indicate that marcasite - that is now synthetically available in a straightforward fashion - is as equally promising as pyrite as candidate for various semiconductor applications based on earth abundant elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- KeYuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Robin Lefèvre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Qingtian Li
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jorge Lago
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Univ. del Pais Vasco (UPV-EHU) 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Fabian O von Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
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Zhang MY, Jiang H. Accurate Prediction of Band Structure of FeS 2: A Hard Quest of Advanced First-Principles Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:747972. [PMID: 34650959 PMCID: PMC8506039 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.747972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrite and marcasite polymorphs of FeS2 have attracted considerable interests for their potential applications in optoelectronic devices because of their appropriate electronic and optical properties. Controversies regarding their fundamental band gaps remain in both experimental and theoretical materials research of FeS2. In this work, we present a systematic theoretical investigation into the electronic band structures of the two polymorphs by using many-body perturbation theory with the GW approximation implemented in the full-potential linearized augmented plane waves (FP-LAPW) framework. By comparing the quasi-particle (QP) band structures computed with the conventional LAPW basis and the one extended by high-energy local orbitals (HLOs), denoted as LAPW + HLOs, we find that one-shot or partially self-consistent GW (G 0 W 0 and GW 0, respectively) on top of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized gradient approximation with a converged LAPW + HLOs basis is able to remedy the artifact reported in the previous GW calculations, and leads to overall good agreement with experiment for the fundamental band gaps of the two polymorphs. Density of states calculated from G 0 W 0@PBE with the converged LAPW + HLOs basis agrees well with the energy distribution curves from photo-electron spectroscopy for pyrite. We have also investigated the performances of several hybrid functionals, which were previously shown to be able to predict band gaps of many insulating systems with accuracy close or comparable to GW. It is shown that the hybrid functionals considered in general fail badly to describe the band structures of FeS2 polymorphs. This work indicates that accurate prediction of electronic band structure of FeS2 poses a stringent test on state-of-the-art first-principles approaches, and the G 0 W 0 method based on semi-local approximation performs well for this difficult system if it is practiced with well-converged numerical accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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5
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Huang M, Wang X, Liu C, Fang G, Gao J, Wang Y, Zhou D. Mechanism of metal sulfides accelerating Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycling to enhance pollutant degradation by persulfate: Metallic active sites vs. reducing sulfur species. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124175. [PMID: 33068989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal sulfides (MeSx) have been found to be effective in enhancing pollutant degradation by Fenton-like reactions, but their role in persulfate (PS)-based oxidation processes as well as underlying mechanism have not been fully explored. In this study, effects of different MeSx including WS2, MoS2, FeS2 and ZnS on pollutant degradation by Fe2+/PS or Fe3+/PS systems were examined. It was found that the maximum degradation rate of 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl increased by 5.6 and 16.2 times with the addition of WS2 (0.2 g/L) in the Fe2+/PS and Fe3+/PS systems, respectively. Similar enhancement effects were also observed for MoS2, FeS2 and ZnS, which can enhance the degradation of a wide range of pollutants including sulfamethoxazole, bisphenol A and chlorophenol. The mechanism of these processes were further investigated, and it was observed that Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycles were dramatically accelerated on MeSx surfaces, which increased PS activation to generate sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals, as evidenced by the combined analyses of surface Fe species, electron paramagnetic resonance and radical probing tests. Both surface metallic active sites and reducing sulfur species contributed to Fe(II) regeneration, but the efficiencies varied with the properties of MeSx surface. This study provides a novel strategy for improving the performance of PS activation for environmental remediation and a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of MeSx enhancing Fenton-like reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
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6
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Numerical Insights into the Influence of Electrical Properties of n-CdS Buffer Layer on the Performance of SLG/Mo/p-Absorber/n-CdS/n-ZnO/Ag Configured Thin Film Photovoltaic Devices. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A CdS thin film buffer layer has been widely used as conventional n-type heterojunction partner both in established and emerging thin film photovoltaic devices. In this study, we perform numerical simulation to elucidate the influence of electrical properties of the CdS buffer layer, essentially in terms of carrier mobility and carrier concentration on the performance of SLG/Mo/p-Absorber/n-CdS/n-ZnO/Ag configured thin film photovoltaic devices, by using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D). A wide range of p-type absorber layers with a band gap from 0.9 to 1.7 eV and electron affinity from 3.7 to 4.7 eV have been considered in this simulation study. For an ideal absorber layer (no defect), the carrier mobility and carrier concentration of CdS buffer layer do not significantly alter the maximum attainable efficiency. Generally, it was revealed that for an absorber layer with a conduction band offset (CBO) that is more than 0.3 eV, Jsc is strongly dependent on the carrier mobility and carrier concentration of the CdS buffer layer, whereas Voc is predominantly dependent on the back contact barrier height. However, as the bulk defect density of the absorber layer is increased from 1014 to 1018 cm−3, a CdS buffer layer with higher carrier mobility and carrier concentration is an imperative requirement to a yield device with higher conversion efficiency and a larger band gap-CBO window for realization of a functional device. Most tellingly, simulation outcomes from this study reveal that electrical properties of the CdS buffer layer play a decisive role in determining the progress of emerging p-type photo-absorber layer materials, particularly during the embryonic device development stage.
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7
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Rahman M, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Edvinsson T. On the Mechanistic Understanding of Photovoltage Loss in Iron Pyrite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905653. [PMID: 32424936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering the natural abundance, the optoelectronic properties, and the electricity production cost, iron pyrite (FeS2 ) has a strong appeal as a solar cell material. The maximum conversion efficiency of FeS2 solar cells demonstrated to date, however, is below 3%, which is significantly below the theoretical efficiency limit of 25%. This poor conversion efficiency is mainly the result of the poor photovoltage, which has never exceeded 0.2 V with a device having appreciable photocurrent. Several studies have explored the origin of the low photovoltage in FeS2 solar cells, and have improved understanding of the photovoltage loss mechanisms. Fermi level pinning, surface inversion, ionization of bulk donor states, and photocarrier loss have been suggested as the underlying reasons for the photovoltage loss in FeS2 . Given the past and more recent scientific data, together with contradictory results to some extent, it is timely to discuss these mechanisms to give an updated view of the present status and remaining challenges. Herein, the current understanding of the origin of low photovoltage in FeS2 solar cells is critically reviewed, preceded by a succinct discussion on the electronic structure and optoelectronic properties. Finally, suggestions of a few research directions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahman
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 21, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 20, Sweden
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 21, Sweden
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8
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Miller RC, Neilson JR, Prieto AL. Amide-Assisted Synthesis of Iron Germanium Sulfide (Fe 2GeS 4) Nanostars: The Effect of LiN(SiMe 3) 2 on Precursor Reactivity for Favoring Nanoparticle Nucleation or Growth. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7023-7035. [PMID: 32212651 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olivine Fe2GeS4 has been identified as a promising photovoltaic absorber material introduced as an alternate candidate to iron pyrite, FeS2. The compounds share similar benefits in terms of elemental abundance and relative nontoxicity, but Fe2GeS4 was predicted to have higher stability with respect to decomposition to alternate phases and, therefore, more optimal device performance. Our initial report of the nanoparticle (NP) synthesis for Fe2GeS4 was not well understood and required an inefficient 24 h growth to dissolve an iron sulfide impurity. Here, we report an amide-assisted Fe2GeS4 NP synthesis that directly forms the phase-pure product in minutes. This significant advance was achieved by the replacement of the poorly understood hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) additive and TMS2S by the conjugate base, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiN(SiMe3)2), and elemental S, respectively. We hypothesized that fragments of both TMS2S and HMDS had carried out the roles that Brønsted bases play in amide-assisted NP syntheses and were necessary for Ge incorporation. Convolution of this role with the supply of S in TMS2S caused the iron sulfide impurities. Separating these effects in the use of LiN(SiMe3)2 and elemental S resulted in synthetic control over the ternary phase. Herein we explore the Fe-Ge-S reaction landscape and the role of the base. Its concentration was found to increase the reactivities of the Fe, Ge, and S precursors, and we discuss possible metal-amide intermediates. This affords tunability in two areas: favorability of NP nucleation versus growth and phase formation. The phase-purity of Fe2GeS4 depends on the molar ratios of the cations, base, and amine as well as the Fe:Ge:S molar ratios. The resultant Fe2GeS4 NPs exhibit an interesting star anise-like morphology with stacks of nanoplates that intersect along a 6-fold rotation axis. The optical properties of the Fe2GeS4 NPs are consistent with previously published measurements showing a measured band gap of 1.48 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - James R Neilson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Amy L Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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9
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Jia J, Bai X, Zhang Q, Hu X, Liu E, Fan J. Porous honeycomb-like NiSe 2/red phosphorus heteroarchitectures for photocatalytic hydrogen production. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5636-5651. [PMID: 32101210 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09757k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunction construction of semiconductors with a matched bandgap can not only help promote visible light absorption but also restrain photoexcited charge carrier recombination and optimize the separation efficiency. Herein, a novel porous honeycomb-like NiSe2/RP heterostructure is reported for the first time by in situ deposition of NiSe2 nanoparticles on the surface of red phosphorus (RP). The optimized binary NiSe2/RP composite showed superior photocatalytic H2 evolution activity (1968.8 μmol g-1 h-1) from Na2S/Na2SO3 solution under solar light illumination, which was 2.32, 1.90, 1.59 and 1.21 times that of pristine RP, NiSe2, 5.3% FeS/RP and 8.1% NiS/RP, respectively. The formation process and function of various reactive oxygen species (˙OH, ˙O2- and H2O2), and the migration pathway of photocarriers are discussed in detail. Such a prominently improved photocatalytic performance could be ascribed to extended light absorption ability, massive reactive centers and lower interfacial transfer resistance, together with expedited charge separation, which arose from a successive two-electron/two-step reduction route. This study provides illuminating insights for the rational exploration and fabrication of potential photocatalytic systems with 0D/3D integrated nanoarchitecture and a multi-step electron transfer process for efficiently realizing solar energy capture and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.
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10
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Kaur G, Kaur M, Thakur A, Kumar A. Recent Progress on Pyrite FeS2 Nanomaterials for Energy and Environment Applications: Synthesis, Properties and Future Prospects. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Gong M, Ewing D, Casper M, Stramel A, Elliot A, Wu JZ. Controllable Synthesis of Monodispersed Fe 1- xS 2 Nanocrystals for High-Performance Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19286-19293. [PMID: 31062575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of stoichiometric iron pyrite (FeS2) nanocrystals (NCs) are characterized by strong UV-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption within the cutoff while negligible absorption beyond the cutoff in near-infrared and longer wavelengths. Herein, we show this bandgap limitation can be broken through controllable synthesis of nonstoichiometric Fe1- xS2 NCs ( x = 0.01-0.107) to induce localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) absorption beyond the cutoff to short-wave infrared spectrum (SWIR, 1-3 μm) with remarkably enhanced broadband absorption across UV-Vis-SWIR spectra. To illustrate the benefit of the broadband absorption, colloidal LSPR Fe1- xS2 NCs were printed on graphene to form LSPR Fe1- xS2 NCs/graphene heterostructure photodetectors. Extraordinary photoresponsivity in exceeding 4.32 × 106 A/W and figure-of-merit detectivity D* > 7.50 × 1012 Jones have been demonstrated in the broadband of UV-Vis-SWIR at room temperature. These Fe1- xS2 NCs/graphene heterostructures are printable and flexible and therefore promising for practical optical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maogang Gong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Dan Ewing
- Department of Energy's National Security Campus , Kansas City , Missouri 64147 , United States
| | - Matthew Casper
- Department of Energy's National Security Campus , Kansas City , Missouri 64147 , United States
| | - Alex Stramel
- Department of Energy's National Security Campus , Kansas City , Missouri 64147 , United States
| | - Alan Elliot
- Department of Energy's National Security Campus , Kansas City , Missouri 64147 , United States
| | - Judy Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
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12
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Lee JM, Miller RC, Moloney LJ, Prieto AL. The development of strategies for nanoparticle synthesis: Considerations for deepening understanding of inherently complex systems. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Voigt B, Moore W, Manno M, Walter J, Jeremiason JD, Aydil ES, Leighton C. Transport Evidence for Sulfur Vacancies as the Origin of Unintentional n-Type Doping in Pyrite FeS 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15552-15563. [PMID: 31008575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrite FeS2 has long been considered a potential earth-abundant low-cost photovoltaic material for thin-film solar cells but has been plagued by low power conversion efficiencies and open-circuit voltages. Recent efforts have identified a lack of understanding and control of doping, as well as uncontrolled surface conduction, as key roadblocks to the development of pyrite photovoltaics. In particular, while n-type bulk behavior in unintentionally doped single crystals and thin films is speculated to arise from sulfur vacancies (VS), proof remains elusive. Here, we provide strong evidence, from extensive electronic transport measurements on high-quality crystals, that VS are deep donors in bulk pyrite. Otherwise identical crystals grown via chemical vapor transport under varied S vapor pressures are thoroughly characterized structurally and chemically, and shown to exhibit systematically different electronic transport. Decreased S vapor pressure during growth leads to reduced bulk resistivity, increased bulk Hall electron density, reduced transport activation energy, onset of positive temperature coefficient of resistivity, and approach to an insulator-metal transition, all as would be expected from increased VS donor density. Impurity analyses show that these trends are uncorrelated with metal impurity concentration and that extracted donor densities significantly exceed total impurity concentrations, directly evidencing a native defect. Well-controlled, wide-range n-doping of pyrite is thus achieved via the control of VS concentration, with substantial implications for photovoltaic and other applications. The location of the VS state within the gap, the influence of specific impurities, unusual aspects to the insulator-metal transition, and the influence of doping on surface conduction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Voigt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - William Moore
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Michael Manno
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Jeff Walter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Carleton College , Northfield , Minnesota 55057 , United States
| | - Jeff D Jeremiason
- Department of Chemistry , Gustavus Adolphus College , Saint Peter , Minnesota 56082 , United States
| | - Eray S Aydil
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , New York University Tandon School of Engineering , Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Chris Leighton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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14
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Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanocubic Pyrite Crystals Using Greigite Fe3S4 and Thiourea as Precursors. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanocubic pyrite (FeS2) crystals with exposed (100) crystal faces and sizes of 100–200 nm were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method using greigite (Fe3S4) as the iron precursor and thiourea (NH2CSNH2) as the sulfur source. When the concentration of thiourea was 40 mmol/L, both pyrite and hematite were observed in the as-prepared sample, indicating incomplete conversion of greigite into pyrite. With an increased thiourea concentration to 80 mmol/L, pyrite was found to be the only crystalline phase in the synthesized samples. All greigite could be transformed to pyrite within 24 h via the hydrothermal method, while further prolonging the hydrothermal time had insignificant effect on the crystal phase composition, crystallinity, and morphologies of the prepared nanocubic pyrite crystals. In contrast, when a mixture of Na2S and S powder was used to replace the thiourea as the sulfur source, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cubic, and irregular pyrite crystal particles with sizes of 100 nm–1 μm were found to co-exist in the prepared samples. These results demonstrate the critical influence of sulfur source on pyrite morphology. Furthermore, our hydrothermal process, using a combination of greigite and thiourea, is proved to be effective in preparing nanocubic pyrite crystals. Our findings can also provide new insight into the formation environments and pathways of nanocubic pyrite under hydrothermal conditions.
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15
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Roberts DM, Russek SE, Stoldt CR. Synthetic iron pyrite across length scales: interfacial defects and macroscopic properties. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron pyrite (FeS2) has long represented a materials science challenge because of the immense sensitivity of its macroscopic behavior to defect structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennice M. Roberts
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Colorado at Boulder
- Boulder
- USA
| | | | - Conrad R. Stoldt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Colorado at Boulder
- Boulder
- USA
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16
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Khalid S, Ahmed E, Khan Y, Riaz KN, Malik MA. Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Khalid
- Department of PhysicsBahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
- Nanoscience & Technology DepartmentNational Centre for Physics Shahdra Valley Road Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of PhysicsBahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
| | - Yaqoob Khan
- Nanoscience & Technology DepartmentNational Centre for Physics Shahdra Valley Road Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Nadeem Riaz
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Azad Malik
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL U.K
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17
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Effect of sulfur annealing on the morphological, structural, optical and electrical properties of iron pyrite thin films formed from FeS2 nano-powder. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Gong M, Liu Q, Goul R, Ewing D, Casper M, Stramel A, Elliot A, Wu JZ. Printable Nanocomposite FeS 2-PbS Nanocrystals/Graphene Heterojunction Photodetectors for Broadband Photodetection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27801-27808. [PMID: 28758390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals are attractive materials for optoelectronics applications because they offer a compelling combination of low-cost solution processing, printability, and spectral tunability through the quantum dot size effect. Here we explore a novel nanocomposite photosensitizer consisting of colloidal nanocrystals of FeS2 and PbS with complementary optical and microstructural properties for broadband photodetection. Using a newly developed ligand exchange to achieve high-efficiency charge transfer across the nanocomposite FeS2-PbS sensitizer and graphene on the FeS2-PbS/graphene photoconductors, an extraordinary photoresponsivity in exceeding ∼106 A/W was obtained in an ultrabroad spectrum of ultraviolet (UV)-visible-near-infrared (NIR). This is in contrast to the nearly 3 orders of magnitude reduction of the photoresponsivity from ∼106 A/W at UV to 103 A/W at NIR on their counterpart of FeS2/graphene detectors. This illustrates the combined advantages of the nanocomposite sensitizers and the high charge mobility in FeS2-PbS/graphene van der Waals heterostructures for nanohybrid optoelectronics with high performance, low cost, and scalability for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maogang Gong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ryan Goul
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Dan Ewing
- Department of Energy's National Security Campus , Kansas City, Missouri 64147, United States
| | - Matthew Casper
- Department of Energy's National Security Campus , Kansas City, Missouri 64147, United States
| | - Alex Stramel
- Department of Energy's National Security Campus , Kansas City, Missouri 64147, United States
| | - Alan Elliot
- Department of Energy's National Security Campus , Kansas City, Missouri 64147, United States
| | - Judy Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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19
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Matthews PD, McNaughter PD, Lewis DJ, O'Brien P. Shining a light on transition metal chalcogenides for sustainable photovoltaics. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4177-4187. [PMID: 28626562 PMCID: PMC5468987 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal chalcogenides are an important family of materials that have received significant interest in recent years as they have the potential for diverse applications ranging from use in electronics to industrial lubricants. One of their most exciting properties is the ability to generate electricity from incident light. In this perspective we will summarise and highlight the key results and challenges in this area and explain how transition metal chalcogenides are a good choice for future sustainable photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Matthews
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . paul.o'
| | - Paul D McNaughter
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . paul.o'
| | - David J Lewis
- School of Materials , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK . paul.o'
- School of Materials , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
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20
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Kaur G, D. P, Kumar M, Thakur A, Bala R, Kumar A. Electrochemical aspects of photocatalysis: Au@FeS2 nanocomposite for removal of industrial pollutant. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32412-32420. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of endeavors have been dedicated to building up an impetus in the field of catalysis to enhance the removal of toxic contaminants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory
- Department of Nanotechnology
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
- Fatehgarh Sahib-140 406
- India
| | - Pooja D.
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation
- Chandigarh-160 030
- India
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Incheon National University
- South Korea
| | - Anup Thakur
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences
- Punjabi University
- Patiala-147 002
- India
| | - Rajni Bala
- Department of Mathematics
- Punjabi University
- Pataila-147 002
- India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory
- Department of Nanotechnology
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
- Fatehgarh Sahib-140 406
- India
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21
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Singh E, Kim KS, Yeom GY, Nalwa HS. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide-based counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cell using counter electrode based on transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Singh
- Department of Computer Science
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Ki Seok Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon-si
- South Korea
| | - Geun Young Yeom
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon-si
- South Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology
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22
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Wu L, Dzade NY, Gao L, Scanlon DO, Öztürk Z, Hollingsworth N, Weckhuysen BM, Hensen EJM, de Leeuw NH, Hofmann JP. Enhanced Photoresponse of FeS 2 Films: The Role of Marcasite-Pyrite Phase Junctions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9602-9607. [PMID: 27628579 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial role of marcasite in iron-sulfide-based photo-electrochemical applications is reported for the first time. A spectacular improvement of the photoresponse observed experimentally for mixed pyrite/marcasite-FeS2 films can be ascribed to the presence of p/m phase junctions at the interface. Density functional theory calculations show that the band alignment at the phase boundary contributes to enhanced charge separation and transfer across the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Wu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nelson Y Dzade
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 9, 3584, CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Gao
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - David O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H0AJ, UK
| | - Zafer Öztürk
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H0AJ, UK
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J M Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 9, 3584, CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Matthews PD, Akhtar M, Malik MA, Revaprasadu N, O'Brien P. Synthetic routes to iron chalcogenide nanoparticles and thin films. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18803-18812. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective summarises the key synthetic routes to iron chalcogenide thin films/nanoparticles by highlighting the key aspects that lead to control over phase/morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masood Akhtar
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - M. Azad Malik
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- School of Materials
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