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Zheng W, Wang X, Zhang X, Chen B, Suo H, Xing Z, Wang Y, Wei HL, Chen J, Guo Y, Wang F. Emerging Halide Perovskite Ferroelectrics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205410. [PMID: 36517207 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have gained tremendous attention in the past decade owing to their excellent properties in optoelectronics. Recently, a fascinating property, ferroelectricity, has been discovered in halide perovskites and quickly attracted widespread interest. Compared with traditional perovskite oxide ferroelectrics, halide perovskites display natural advantages such as structural softness, low weight, and easy processing, which are highly desirable in applications pursuing miniaturization and flexibility. This review focuses on the current research progress in halide perovskite ferroelectrics, encompassing the emerging materials systems and their potential applications in ferroelectric photovoltaics, self-powered photodetection, and X-ray detection. The main challenges and possible solutions in the future development of halide perovskite ferroelectric materials are also attempted to be pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiucai Wang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Hao Suo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhifeng Xing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yanze Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Han-Lin Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiangkun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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2
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Dutta D, Mukherjee S, Uzhansky M, Mohapatra PK, Ismach A, Koren E. Edge-Based Two-Dimensional α-In 2Se 3-MoS 2 Ferroelectric Field Effect Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18505-18515. [PMID: 37000129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures based on two-dimensional materials offer the possibility to achieve synergistic functionalities, which otherwise remain secluded by their individual counterparts. Herein, ferroelectric polarization switching in α-In2Se3 has been utilized to engineer multilevel nonvolatile conduction states in a partially overlapping α-In2Se3-MoS2-based ferroelectric semiconducting field effect device. In particular, we demonstrate how the intercoupled ferroelectric nature of α-In2Se3 allows to nonvolatilely switch between n-i and n-i-n type junction configurations based on a novel edge state actuation mechanism, paving the way for subnanometric scale nonvolatile device miniaturization. Furthermore, the induced asymmetric polarization enables enhanced photogenerated carriers' separation, resulting in an extremely high photoresponse of ∼1275 A/W in the visible range and strong nonvolatile modulation of the bright A- and B- excitonic emission channels in the overlaying MoS2 monolayer. Our results show significant potential to harness the switchable polarization in partially overlapping α-In2Se3-MoS2 based FeFETs to engineer multimodal, nonvolatile nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Dutta
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Subhrajit Mukherjee
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Michael Uzhansky
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Pranab K Mohapatra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ariel Ismach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Elad Koren
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Thoutam LR, Mathew R, Ajayan J, Tayal S, Nair SV. A critical review of fabrication challenges and reliability issues in top/bottom gated MoS 2field-effect transistors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:232001. [PMID: 36731113 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The voyage of semiconductor industry to decrease the size of transistors to achieve superior device performance seems to near its physical dimensional limitations. The quest is on to explore emerging material systems that offer dimensional scaling to match the silicon- based technologies. The discovery of atomic flat two-dimensional materials has opened up a completely new avenue to fabricate transistors at sub-10 nanometer level which has the potential to compete with modern silicon-based semiconductor devices. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a two-dimensional layered material with novel semiconducting properties at atomic level seems like a promising candidate that can possibly meet the expectation of Moore's law. This review discusses the various 'fabrication challenges' in making MoS2based electronic devices from start to finish. The review outlines the intricate challenges of substrate selection and various synthesis methods of mono layer and few-layer MoS2. The review focuses on the various techniques and methods to minimize interface defect density at substrate/MoS2interface for optimum MoS2-based device performance. The tunable band-gap of MoS2with varying thickness presents a unique opportunity for contact engineering to mitigate the contact resistance issue using different elemental metals. In this work, we present a comprehensive overview of different types of contact materials with myriad geometries that show a profound impact on device performance. The choice of different insulating/dielectric gate oxides on MoS2in co-planar and vertical geometry is critically reviewed and the physical feasibility of the same is discussed. The experimental constraints of different encapsulation techniques on MoS2and its effect on structural and electronic properties are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Raju Thoutam
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Ribu Mathew
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, 466114, India
| | - J Ajayan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SR University, Warangal, 506371, India
| | - Shubham Tayal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SR University, Warangal, 506371, India
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, India
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Huang Z, Zhou Y, Luo Z, Yang Y, Yang M, Gao W, Yao J, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zheng Z, Li J. Integration of photovoltaic and photogating effects in a WSe 2/WS 2/p-Si dual junction photodetector featuring high-sensitivity and fast-response. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:675-684. [PMID: 36756495 PMCID: PMC9891068 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00552b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) material-based van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with exotic semiconducting properties have shown tremendous potential in next-generation photovoltaic photodetectors. Nevertheless, these vdW heterostructure devices inevitably suffer from a compromise between high sensitivity and fast response. Herein, an ingenious photovoltaic photodetector based on a WSe2/WS2/p-Si dual-vdW heterojunction is demonstrated. First-principles calculations and energy band profiles consolidate that the photogating effect originating from the bottom vdW heterojunction not only strengthens the photovoltaic effect of the top vdW heterojunction, but also suppresses the recombination of photogenerated carriers. As a consequence, the separation of photogenerated carriers is facilitated and their lifetimes are extended, resulting in higher photoconductive gain. Coupled with these synergistic effects, this WSe2/WS2/p-Si device exhibits both high sensitivity (responsivity of 340 mA W-1, a light on/off ratio greater than 2500, and a detectivity of 3.34 × 1011 Jones) and fast response time (rise/decay time of 657/671 μs) under 405 nm light illumination in self-powered mode. Finally, high-resolution visible-light and near-infrared imaging capabilities are demonstrated by adopting this dual-heterojunction device as a single pixel, indicating its great application prospects in future optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong P. R. China
- Honor Device Co.,Ltd Shenzhen 518000 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhongtong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yibing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University Foshan 528225 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University Foshan 528225 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University Foshan 528225 Guangdong P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
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5
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Wei T, Han Z, Zhong X, Xiao Q, Liu T, Xiang D. Two dimensional semiconducting materials for ultimately scaled transistors. iScience 2022; 25:105160. [PMID: 36204270 PMCID: PMC9529977 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two dimensional (2D) semiconductors have been established as promising candidates to break through the short channel effect that existed in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFET), owing to their unique atomically layered structure and dangling-bond-free surface. The last decade has witnessed the significant progress in the size scaling of 2D transistors by various approaches, in which the physical gate length of the transistors has shrank from micrometer to sub-one nanometer with superior performance, illustrating their potential as a replacement technology for Si MOSFETs. Here, we review state-of-the-art techniques to achieve ultra-scaled 2D transistors with novel configurations through the scaling of channel, gate, and contact length. We provide comprehensive views of the merits and drawbacks of the ultra-scaled 2D transistors by summarizing the relevant fabrication processes with the corresponding critical parameters achieved. Finally, we identify the key opportunities and challenges for integrating ultra-scaled 2D transistors in the next-generation heterogeneous circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Wei
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zichao Han
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhong
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Xiao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
| | - Du Xiang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
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6
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Eobaldt E, Vitale F, Zapf M, Lapteva M, Hamzayev T, Gan Z, Najafidehaghani E, Neumann C, George A, Turchanin A, Soavi G, Ronning C. Tuning nanowire lasers via hybridization with two-dimensional materials. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6822-6829. [PMID: 35446325 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07931j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-dimensional hybrid structures have recently gained increasing attention as promising building blocks for novel electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this context, hybridization of semiconductor nanowires with two-dimensional materials could offer new ways to control and modulate lasing at the nanoscale. In this work, we deterministically fabricate hybrid mixed-dimensional heterostructures composed of ZnO nanowires and MoS2 monolayers with micrometer control over their relative position. First, we show that our deterministic fabrication method does not degrade the optical properties of the ZnO nanowires. Second, we demonstrate that the lasing wavelength of ZnO nanowires can be tuned by several nanometers by hybridization with CVD-grown MoS2 monolayers. We assign this spectral shift of the lasing modes to an efficient carrier transfer at the heterointerface and the subsequent increase of the optical band gap in ZnO (Moss-Burstein effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Eobaldt
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Zapf
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Margarita Lapteva
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Tarlan Hamzayev
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ziyang Gan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Emad Najafidehaghani
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antony George
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Ronning
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
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7
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Sandhu HK, John JW, Jakhar A, Sharma A, Jain A, Das S. Self-powered, low-noise and high-speed nanolayered MoSe 2/p-GaN heterojunction photodetector from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:305201. [PMID: 35439737 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Integration of nanolayered metal chalcogenides with wide-bandgap semiconductors forming pn heterojunction leads to the way of high-performance photodetection. This work demonstrates the fabrication of a few nanometer thick Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2)/Mg-doped Gallium Nitride (p-GaN) heterostructure for light detection purposes. The device exhibits low noise broadband spectral response from ultraviolet to near-infrared range (300-950 nm). The band-alignment and the charge transfer at the MoSe2/p-GaN interface promote self-powered photodetection with high photocurrent to dark current ratio of 2000 and 1000 at 365 nm and 640 nm, respectively. A high responsivity of 130 A W-1, detectivity of 4.8 × 1010Jones, and low noise equivalent power of 18 fW/Hz1/2at 365 nm is achieved at an applied bias of 1 V. Moreover, the transient measurements reveal a fast rise/fall time of 407/710μsec for the fabricated device. These outcomes exemplify the viability of MoSe2/p-GaN heterostructure for high-speed and low-noise broadband photodetector applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Kaur Sandhu
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India
| | - John Wellington John
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Alka Jakhar
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Alok Jain
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India
- Centre for Personnel Talent Management, Metcalfe House, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Samaresh Das
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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8
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Li Y, Li L, Li S, Sun J, Fang Y, Deng T. Highly Sensitive Photodetectors Based on Monolayer MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13615-13621. [PMID: 35559157 PMCID: PMC9088949 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising candidate for the development of high-performance photodetectors, due to its excellent electric and optoelectronic properties. However, most of the reported MoS2 phototransistors have adopted a back-gate field-effect transistor (FET) structure, requiring applied gate bias voltages as high as 70 V, which made it impossible to modulate each detecting device in the fabricated array. In this paper, buried-gate FETs based on CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 were fabricated and their electric and photoelectric properties were also systematically investigated. A photoresponsivity of around 6.86 A/W was obtained at 395 nm, under the conditions of zero gate bias voltage and a light power intensity of 2.57 mW/cm2. By application of a buried-gate voltage of 8 V, the photoresponsivity increased by nearly 10 times. Furthermore, the response speed of the buried-gate MoS2 FET phototransistors is measured to be around 350 ms. These results pave the way for MoS2 photodetectors in practical applications.
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Huang PY, Qin JK, Zhu CY, Zhen L, Xu CY. 2D-1D mixed-dimensional heterostructures: progress, device applications and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:493001. [PMID: 34479213 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted broad interests and been extensively exploited for a variety of functional applications. Moreover, one-dimensional (1D) atomic crystals can also be integrated into 2D templates to create mixed-dimensional heterostructures, and the versatility of combinations provides 2D-1D heterostructures plenty of intriguing physical properties, making them promising candidate to construct novel electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices. In this review, we first briefly present an introduction of relevant fabrication methods and structural configurations for 2D-1D heterostructures integration. We then discuss the emerged intriguing physics, including high optical absorption, efficient carrier separation, fast charge transfer and plasmon-exciton interconversion. Their potential applications such as electronic/optoelectronic devices, photonic devices, spintronic devices and gas sensors, are also discussed. Finally, we provide a brief perspective for the future opportunities and challenges in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Huang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Kai Qin
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yi Zhu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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10
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Sun Y, Niu G, Ren W, Meng X, Zhao J, Luo W, Ye ZG, Xie YH. Hybrid System Combining Two-Dimensional Materials and Ferroelectrics and Its Application in Photodetection. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10982-11013. [PMID: 34184877 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors are one of the most important components for a future "Internet-of-Things" information society. Compared to the mainstream semiconductor-based photodetectors, emerging devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials and ferroelectrics as well as their hybrid systems have been extensively studied in recent decades due to their outstanding performances and related interesting physical, electrical, and optoelectronic phenomena. In this paper, we review the photodetection based on 2D materials and ferroelectric hybrid systems. The fundamentals of 2D and ferroelectric materials as well as the interaction in the hybrid system will be introduced. Ferroelectricity modulated optoelectronic properties in the hybrid system will be discussed in detail. After the basics and figures of merit of photodetectors are summarized, the 2D-ferroelectrics devices with different structures including p-n diodes, Schottky diodes, and field-effect transistors will be reviewed and compared. The polarization of ferroelectrics offers the possibility of the modulation and enhancement of the photodetection in the hybrid detectors, which will be discussed in depth. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the photodetectors based on 2D ferroelectrics will be proposed. This Review outlines the important aspects of the recent development of the hybrid system of 2D and ferroelectric materials, which could interact with each other and thus lead to photodetectors with higher performances. Such a Review will be helpful for the research of emerging physical phenomena and for the design of multifunctional nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Sun
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Niu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Guang Ye
- Department of Chemistry and 4D Laboratories, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90024, California, United States
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Bao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Juan Tao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0245 USA
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12
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High-current MoS 2 transistors with non-planar gate configuration. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:777-782. [PMID: 36654135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ever-decreasing size of transistors requires effectively electrostatic control over ultra-thin semiconductor body. Rational design of the gate configuration can fully persevere the intrinsic property of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. Here we design and demonstrate a 2D MoS2 transistor with omega-shaped gate, in which the local gate coupling is enhanced by the non-planar geometry. The omega-shaped non-planar transistors exhibit a high current of 0.89 A/μm and transconductance of 32.7 μS/μm. The high performance and desirable current saturation promise the construction of robust logic gate. The inverters show a voltage gain of 26.6 and an ideal total margin nearly 89%. We also assemble NOT-AND (NAND) gate on an individual MoS2 flake, and the constructed NAND gate demonstrates the universal functionality of the transistors as well. This work provides an alternative strategy to fully take the advantages of 2D materials for high-performance field-effect transistors.
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13
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Lv L, Yu J, Hu M, Yin S, Zhuge F, Ma Y, Zhai T. Design and tailoring of two-dimensional Schottky, PN and tunnelling junctions for electronics and optoelectronics. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6713-6751. [PMID: 33885475 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00318f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their superior carrier mobility, strong light-matter interactions, and flexibility at the atomically thin thickness, two-dimensional (2D) materials are attracting wide interest for application in electronic and optoelectronic devices, including rectifying diodes, transistors, memory, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes. At the heart of these devices, Schottky, PN, and tunneling junctions are playing an essential role in defining device function. Intriguingly, the ultrathin thickness and unique van der Waals (vdW) interlayer coupling in 2D materials has rendered enormous opportunities for the design and tailoring of various 2D junctions, e.g. using Lego-like hetero-stacking, surface decoration, and field-effect modulation methods. Such flexibility has led to marvelous breakthroughs during the exploration of 2D electronics and optoelectronic devices. To advance further, it is imperative to provide an overview of existing strategies for the engineering of various 2D junctions for their integration in the future. Thus, in this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of previous efforts toward 2D Schottky, PN, and tunneling junctions, and the functional devices built from them. Though these junctions exhibit similar configurations, distinct strategies have been developed for their optimal figures of merit based on their working principles and functional purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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14
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Li XX, Chen XY, Chen JX, Zeng G, Li YC, Huang W, Ji ZG, Zhang DW, Lu HL. Dual-gate MoS 2phototransistor with atomic-layer-deposited HfO 2as top-gate dielectric for ultrahigh photoresponsivity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:215203. [PMID: 33535194 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe2cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric dual-gate (DG) MoS2field-effect transistor (FET) with ultrahigh electrical performance and optical responsivity using atomic-layer-deposited HfO2as a top-gate (TG) dielectric was fabricated and investigated. The effective DG modulation of the MoS2FET exhibited an outstanding electrical performance with a high on/off current ratio of 6 × 108. Furthermore, a large threshold voltage modulation could be obtained from -20.5 to -39.3 V as a function of the TG voltage in a DG MoS2phototransistor. Meanwhile, the optical properties were systematically explored under a series of gate biases and illuminated optical power under 550 nm laser illumination. An ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 2.04 × 105AW-1has been demonstrated with the structure of a DG MoS2phototransistor because the electric field formed by the DG can separate photogenerated electrons and holes efficiently. Thus, the DG design for 2D materials with ultrahigh photoresponsivity provides a promising opportunity for the application of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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15
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Zhang X, Li J, Ma Z, Zhang J, Leng B, Liu B. Design and Integration of a Layered MoS 2/GaN van der Waals Heterostructure for Wide Spectral Detection and Enhanced Photoresponse. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47721-47728. [PMID: 32960031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a typical two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide exhibits great potential applications for the next-generation nanoelectronics such as photodetectors. However, most MoS2-based photodetectors hold obvious disadvantages including a narrow spectral response in the visible region, poor photoresponsivity, and slow response speed. Here, for the first time, we report the design of a two-dimensional MoS2/GaN van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructure photodetector consisting of few-layer p-type MoS2 and very thin n-type GaN flakes. Thanks to the good crystal quality of the 2D-GaN flake and the built-in electric field in the interface depletion region of the MoS2/GaN p-n junction, photogenerated carriers can be rapidly separated and more excitons are collected by electrodes toward the high photoresponsivity of 328 A/W and a fast response time of 400 ms under the illumination of 532 nm light, which is seven times faster than pristine MoS2 flake. Additionally, the response spectrum of the photodetector is also broadened to the UV region with a high photoresponsivity of 27.1 A/W and a fast response time of 300 ms after integrating with the 2D-GaN flake, exhibiting an advantageous synergetic effect. These excellent performances render MoS2/GaN vdWs heterostructure photodetectors as promising and competitive candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zongyi Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Leng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Baodan Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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16
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Nalwa HS. A review of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) based photodetectors: from ultra-broadband, self-powered to flexible devices. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30529-30602. [PMID: 35516069 PMCID: PMC9056353 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03183f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have attracted much attention in the field of optoelectronics due to their tunable bandgaps, strong interaction with light and tremendous capability for developing diverse van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with other materials. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) atomic layers which exhibit high carrier mobility and optical transparency are very suitable for developing ultra-broadband photodetectors to be used from surveillance and healthcare to optical communication. This review provides a brief introduction to TMD-based photodetectors, exclusively focused on MoS2-based photodetectors. The current research advances show that the photoresponse of atomic layered MoS2 can be significantly improved by boosting its charge carrier mobility and incident light absorption via forming MoS2 based plasmonic nanostructures, halide perovskites-MoS2 heterostructures, 2D-0D MoS2/quantum dots (QDs) and 2D-2D MoS2 hybrid vdWHs, chemical doping, and surface functionalization of MoS2 atomic layers. By utilizing these different integration strategies, MoS2 hybrid heterostructure-based photodetectors exhibited remarkably high photoresponsivity raging from mA W-1 up to 1010 A W-1, detectivity from 107 to 1015 Jones and a photoresponse time from seconds (s) to nanoseconds (10-9 s), varying by several orders of magnitude from deep-ultraviolet (DUV) to the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) region. The flexible photodetectors developed from MoS2-based hybrid heterostructures with graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), TMDs, and ZnO are also discussed. In addition, strain-induced and self-powered MoS2 based photodetectors have also been summarized. The factors affecting the figure of merit of a very wide range of MoS2-based photodetectors have been analyzed in terms of their photoresponsivity, detectivity, response speed, and quantum efficiency along with their measurement wavelengths and incident laser power densities. Conclusions and the future direction are also outlined on the development of MoS2 and other 2D TMD-based photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Singh Nalwa
- Advanced Technology Research 26650 The Old Road Valencia California 91381 USA
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17
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Bao R, Pan C. Human spinal reflex like strain-controlled power devices based on piezotronic effect. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1228-1230. [PMID: 36747407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Bao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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18
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Device Architecture for Visible and Near-Infrared Photodetectors Based on Two-Dimensional SnSe 2 and MoS 2: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11080750. [PMID: 32751953 PMCID: PMC7465435 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
While band gap and absorption coefficients are intrinsic properties of a material and determine its spectral range, response time is mainly controlled by the architecture of the device and electron/hole mobility. Further, 2D-layered materials such as transition metal dichalogenides (TMDCs) possess inherent and intriguing properties such as a layer-dependent band gap and are envisaged as alternative materials to replace conventional silicon (Si) and indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) infrared photodetectors. The most researched 2D material is graphene with a response time between 50 and 100 ps and a responsivity of <10 mA/W across all wavelengths. Conventional Si photodiodes have a response time of about 50 ps with maximum responsivity of about 500 mA/W at 880 nm. Although the responsivity of TMDCs can reach beyond 104 A/W, response times fall short by 3–6 orders of magnitude compared to graphene, commercial Si, and InGaAs photodiodes. Slow response times limit their application in devices requiring high frequency. Here, we highlight some of the recent developments made with visible and near-infrared photodetectors based on two dimensional SnSe2 and MoS2 materials and their performance with the main emphasis on the role played by the mobility of the constituency semiconductors to response/recovery times associated with the hetero-structures.
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19
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Lee I, Kang WT, Kim JE, Kim YR, Won UY, Lee YH, Yu WJ. Photoinduced Tuning of Schottky Barrier Height in Graphene/MoS 2 Heterojunction for Ultrahigh Performance Short Channel Phototransistor. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7574-7580. [PMID: 32401483 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with properties such as a large surface-to-volume ratio, strong light interaction, and transparency are expected to be used in future optoelectronic applications. Many studies have focused on ways to increase absorption of 2D-layered materials for use in photodetectors. In this work, we demonstrate another strategy for improving photodetector performance using a graphene/MoS2 heterojunction phototransistor with a short channel length and a tunable Schottky barrier. The channel length of sub-30 nm, shorter than the diffusion length, decreases carrier recombination and carrier transit time in the channel and improves phototransistor performance. Furthermore, our graphene/MoS2 heterojunction phototransistor employed a tunable Schottky barrier that is only controlled by light and gate bias. It maintains a low dark current and an increased photocurrent. As a result, our graphene/MoS2 heterojunction phototransistor showed ultrahigh responsivity and detectivity of 2.2 × 105 A/W and 3.5 × 1013 Jones, respectively. This is a considerable improvement compared to previous pristine MoS2 phototransistors. We confirmed an effective method to develop phototransistors based on 2D materials and obtained ultrahigh performance of our phototransistor, which is promising for high-performance optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rae Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Yeon Won
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jong Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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20
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Wang Q, Zhou C, Chai Y. Breaking symmetry in device design for self-driven 2D material based photodetectors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8109-8118. [PMID: 32236235 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials offers great potential for optoelectronic applications. Various device structures and novel mechanisms have been proposed to realize photodetectors with unique detecting properties. In this minireview, we focus on a self-driven photodetector that has great potential for low-power or even powerless operation required in the internet of things and wearable electronics. To address the general principle of self-driven properties, we propose and elaborate the concept of symmetry breaking in 2D material based self-driven photodetectors. We discuss various mechanisms of breaking symmetry for self-driven photodetectors, including asymmetrical contact engineering, field-induced asymmetry, PN homojunctions, and PN heterostructures. Typical device examples based on these mechanisms are reviewed and compared. The performance of current self-driven photodetectors is critically assessed and future directions are discussed towards the target application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ma Z, Li J, Zhang C, Shaikenova A, Renat B, Liu B. High‐Performance Ultraviolet‐Visible Light‐Sensitive 2D‐MoS
2
/1D‐ZnO Heterostructure Photodetectors. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Information Science and EngineeringShenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yiting Liu
- School of Information Science and EngineeringShenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China
| | - Xinglai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Zongyi Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Altynay Shaikenova
- Department of Engineering PhysicsSatbayev University Almaty 050013 Kazakhstan
| | - Beisenov Renat
- Department of Engineering PhysicsSatbayev University Almaty 050013 Kazakhstan
| | - Baodan Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
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22
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Ding M, Guo Z, Chen X, Ma X, Zhou L. Surface/Interface Engineering for Constructing Advanced Nanostructured Photodetectors with Improved Performance: A Brief Review. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020362. [PMID: 32092948 PMCID: PMC7075325 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based photodetectors (PDs) convert light signals into electrical signals via a photon–matter interaction process, which involves surface/interface carrier generation, separation, and transportation of the photo-induced charge media in the active media, as well as the extraction of these charge carriers to external circuits of the constructed nanostructured photodetector devices. Because of the specific electronic and optoelectronic properties in the low-dimensional devices built with nanomaterial, surface/interface engineering is broadly studied with widespread research on constructing advanced devices with excellent performance. However, there still exist some challenges for the researchers to explore corresponding mechanisms in depth, and the detection sensitivity, response speed, spectral selectivity, signal-to-noise ratio, and stability are much more important factors to judge the performance of PDs. Hence, researchers have proposed several strategies, including modification of light absorption, design of novel PD heterostructures, construction of specific geometries, and adoption of specific electrode configurations to modulate the charge-carrier behaviors and improve the photoelectric performance of related PDs. Here, in this brief review, we would like to introduce and summarize the latest research on enhancing the photoelectric performance of PDs based on the designed structures by considering their surface/interface engineering and how to obtain advanced nanostructured photo-detectors with improved performance, which could be applied to design and fabricate novel low-dimensional PDs with ideal properties in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan 250022, China; (X.C.); (X.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhen Guo
- Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- Zhongke Mass Spectrometry (Tianjin) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300399, China
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xuehang Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan 250022, China; (X.C.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan 250022, China; (X.C.); (X.M.)
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- Jihua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528251, China
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (Z.G.); (L.Z.)
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23
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Chee SS, Lee JH, Lee K, Ham MH. Defect-Assisted Contact Property Enhancement in a Molybdenum Disulfide Monolayer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4129-4134. [PMID: 31880145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Contact engineering for two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is crucial for realizing high-performance 2D TMDC devices, and most studies on contact properties of 2D TMDCs have mainly focused on Fermi level unpinning. Here, we investigated electrical and photoelectrical properties of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer devices depending on metal contacts, Ti/Pt, Ti/Au, Ti, and Ag, and particularly demonstrated the essential role of defects in MoS2 in contact properties. Remarkably, MoS2 devices with Ag contacts show a field-effect mobility of 12.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, an on/off current ratio of 7 × 107, and a photoresponsivity of 1020 A W-1, which are outstanding compared to similar devices with other metal contacts. These improvements are attributed to a reduced Schottky barrier height, thanks to the small work function of Ag and Ag-MoS2 orbital hybridization at the interface, which facilitates efficient charge transfer between MoS2 and Ag. Interestingly, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis reveals that Ag2S was formed in our defect-containing CVD-grown MoS2 monolayer, but such orbital hybridization is not observed in a nearly defect-free exfoliated MoS2. This distinction shows that defects existing in MoS2 enable Ag to effectively couple to MoS2 and correspondingly enhance multiple electrical and photoelectrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Chee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyoung Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoung Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Ham
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
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24
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Pan C, Zhai J, Wang ZL. Piezotronics and Piezo-phototronics of Third Generation Semiconductor Nanowires. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9303-9359. [PMID: 31364835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the fast development of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the last 30 years, semiconductor nanowires have been widely investigated in the areas of both electronics and optoelectronics. Among them, representatives of third generation semiconductors, such as ZnO and GaN, have relatively large spontaneous polarization along their longitudinal direction of the nanowires due to the asymmetric structure in their c-axis direction. Two-way or multiway couplings of piezoelectric, photoexcitation, and semiconductor properties have generated new research areas, such as piezotronics and piezo-phototronics. In this review, an in-depth discussion of the mechanisms and applications of nanowire-based piezotronics and piezo-phototronics is presented. Research on piezotronics and piezo-phototronics has drawn much attention since the effective manipulation of carrier transport, photoelectric properties, etc. through the application of simple mechanical stimuli and, conversely, since the design of new strain sensors based on the strain-induced change in semiconductor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Junyi Zhai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,School of Material Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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25
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Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires have attracted extensive interest as one of the best-defined classes of nanoscale building blocks for the bottom-up assembly of functional electronic and optoelectronic devices over the past two decades. The article provides a comprehensive review of the continuing efforts in exploring semiconductor nanowires for the assembly of functional nanoscale electronics and macroelectronics. Specifically, we start with a brief overview of the synthetic control of various semiconductor nanowires and nanowire heterostructures with precisely controlled physical dimension, chemical composition, heterostructure interface, and electronic properties to define the material foundation for nanowire electronics. We then summarize a series of assembly strategies developed for creating well-ordered nanowire arrays with controlled spatial position, orientation, and density, which are essential for constructing increasingly complex electronic devices and circuits from synthetic semiconductor nanowires. Next, we review the fundamental electronic properties and various single nanowire transistor concepts. Combining the designable electronic properties and controllable assembly approaches, we then discuss a series of nanoscale devices and integrated circuits assembled from nanowire building blocks, as well as a unique design of solution-processable nanowire thin-film transistors for high-performance large-area flexible electronics. Last, we conclude with a brief perspective on the standing challenges and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuancheng Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Zhaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Luo P, Su J, Han W, Liu K, Li H, Zhai T. 2D Metal Chalcogenides for IR Photodetection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901347. [PMID: 31111680 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) photodetectors are finding diverse applications in imaging, information communication, military, etc. 2D metal chalcogenides (2DMCs) have attracted increasing interest in view of their unique structures and extraordinary physical properties. They have demonstrated outstanding IR detection performance including high responsivity and detectivity, high on/off ratio, fast response rate, stable room temperature operability, and good mechanical flexibility, which has opened up a new prospect in next-generation IR photodetectors. This Review presents a comprehensive summary of recent progress in advanced IR photodetectors based on 2DMCs. The rationale of the photodetectors containing photocurrent generation mechanisms and performance parameters are briefly introduced. The device performances of 2DMCs-based IR photodetectors are also systematically summarized, and some representative achievements are highlighted as well. Finally, conclusions and outlooks are delivered as a guideline for this thriving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kailang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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27
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Chee SS, Seo D, Kim H, Jang H, Lee S, Moon SP, Lee KH, Kim SW, Choi H, Ham MH. Lowering the Schottky Barrier Height by Graphene/Ag Electrodes for High-Mobility MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804422. [PMID: 30411825 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have emerged as promising candidates for post-silicon nanoelectronics owing to their unique and outstanding semiconducting properties. However, contact engineering for these materials to create high-performance devices while adapting for large-area fabrication is still in its nascent stages. In this study, graphene/Ag contacts are introduced into MoS2 devices, for which a graphene film synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is inserted between a CVD-grown MoS2 film and a Ag electrode as an interfacial layer. The MoS2 field-effect transistors with graphene/Ag contacts show improved electrical and photoelectrical properties, achieving a field-effect mobility of 35 cm2 V-1 s-1 , an on/off current ratio of 4 × 108 , and a photoresponsivity of 2160 A W-1 , compared to those of devices with conventional Ti/Au contacts. These improvements are attributed to the low work function of Ag and the tunability of graphene Fermi level; the n-doping of Ag in graphene decreases its Fermi level, thereby reducing the Schottky barrier height and contact resistance between the MoS2 and electrodes. This demonstration of contact interface engineering with CVD-grown MoS2 and graphene is a key step toward the practical application of atomically thin TMDC-based devices with low-resistance contacts for high-performance large-area electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Chee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongpyo Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanggyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Moon
- KEPCO Research Institute, Korea Electric Power Corporation, Naju, 58214, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wng Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Ham
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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28
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Jiang J, Li N, Zou J, Zhou X, Eda G, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Li LJ, Zhai T, Wee ATS. Synergistic additive-mediated CVD growth and chemical modification of 2D materials. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4639-4654. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes significant advances in the use of typical synergistic additives in growth of 2D materials with chemical vapor deposition, and the corresponding performance improvement of field effect transistors and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Jiang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Neng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Goki Eda
- Department of Physics
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117542
- Singapore
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Lain-Jong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Australia
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Andrew T. S. Wee
- Department of Physics
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117542
- Singapore
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29
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Su M, Zou X, Gong Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Ho JC, Liu X, Liao L. Sub-kT/q switching in In 2O 3 nanowire negative capacitance field-effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19131-19139. [PMID: 30298891 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06163g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Limited by the Boltzmann distribution of electrons, the sub-threshold swing (SS) of conventional MOSFETs cannot be less than 60 mV dec-1. This limitation hinders the reduction of power dissipation of the devices. Herein, we present high-performance In2O3 nanowire (NW) negative capacitance field-effect transistors (NC-FETs) by introducing a ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) layer in a gate dielectric stack. The fabricated devices exhibit excellent gate modulation with a high saturation current density of 550 μA μm-1 and an outstanding SS value less than 60 mV dec-1 for over 4 decades of channel current. The assembled inverter circuit can demonstrate an impressive voltage gain of 25 and a cut-off frequency of over 10 MHz. By utilizing the self-aligned fabrication scheme, the device can be ultimately scaled down to below 100 nm channel length. The devices with 200 nm channel length exhibit the best performances, in which a high on/off current ratio of >107, a large output current density of 960 μA μm-1 and a small SS value of 42 mV dec-1 are obtained at the same time. All these would not only evidently demonstrate the potency of NW NC-FETs to break through the Boltzmann limit in nanoelectronics, but also open up a new avenue to low-power transistors for portable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Su
- Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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30
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Liu X, Liang R, Gao G, Pan C, Jiang C, Xu Q, Luo J, Zou X, Yang Z, Liao L, Wang ZL. MoS 2 Negative-Capacitance Field-Effect Transistors with Subthreshold Swing below the Physics Limit. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800932. [PMID: 29782679 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Boltzmann distribution of electrons induced fundamental barrier prevents subthreshold swing (SS) from less than 60 mV dec-1 at room temperature, leading to high energy consumption of MOSFETs. Herein, it is demonstrated that an aggressive introduction of the negative capacitance (NC) effect of ferroelectrics can decisively break the fundamental limit governed by the "Boltzmann tyranny". Such MoS2 negative-capacitance field-effect transistors (NC-FETs) with self-aligned top-gated geometry demonstrated here pull down the SS value to 42.5 mV dec-1 , and simultaneously achieve superior performance of a transconductance of 45.5 μS μm and an on/off ratio of 4 × 106 with channel length less than 100 nm. Furthermore, the inserted HfO2 layer not only realizes a stable NC gate stack structure, but also prevents the ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) from fatigue with robust stability. Notably, the fabricated MoS2 NC-FETs are distinctly different from traditional MOSFETs. The on-state current increases as the temperature decreases even down to 20 K, and the SS values exhibit nonlinear dependence with temperature due to the implementation of the ferroelectric gate stack. The NC-FETs enable fundamental applications through overcoming the Boltzmann limit in nanoelectronics and open up an avenue to low-power transistors needed for many exciting long-endurance portable consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Renrong Liang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guoyun Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Jiang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Center for Electron Microscopy, TUT-FEI Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xuming Zou
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lei Liao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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31
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1D Piezoelectric Material Based Nanogenerators: Methods, Materials and Property Optimization. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8040188. [PMID: 29570639 PMCID: PMC5923518 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the enhanced piezoelectric properties, excellent mechanical properties and tunable electric properties, one-dimensional (1D) piezoelectric materials have shown their promising applications in nanogenerators (NG), sensors, actuators, electronic devices etc. To present a clear view about 1D piezoelectric materials, this review mainly focuses on the characterization and optimization of the piezoelectric properties of 1D nanomaterials, including semiconducting nanowires (NWs) with wurtzite and/or zinc blend phases, perovskite NWs and 1D polymers. Specifically, the piezoelectric coefficients, performance of single NW-based NG and structure-dependent electromechanical properties of 1D nanostructured materials can be respectively investigated through piezoresponse force microscopy, atomic force microscopy and the in-situ scanning/transmission electron microcopy. Along with the introduction of the mechanism and piezoelectric properties of 1D semiconductor, perovskite materials and polymers, their performance improvement strategies are summarized from the view of microstructures, including size-effect, crystal structure, orientation and defects. Finally, the extension of 1D piezoelectric materials in field effect transistors and optoelectronic devices are simply introduced.
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32
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Samadi M, Sarikhani N, Zirak M, Zhang H, Zhang HL, Moshfegh AZ. Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials: synthesis, applications and future perspectives. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2018; 3:90-204. [PMID: 32254071 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (G6-TMDs), most notably MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2 and WSe2, constitute an important class of materials with a layered crystal structure. Various types of G6-TMD nanomaterials, such as nanosheets, nanotubes and quantum dot nano-objects and flower-like nanostructures, have been synthesized. High thermodynamic stability under ambient conditions, even in atomically thin form, made nanosheets of these inorganic semiconductors a valuable asset in the existing library of two-dimensional (2D) materials, along with the well-known semimetallic graphene and insulating hexagonal boron nitride. G6-TMDs generally possess an appropriate bandgap (1-2 eV) which is tunable by size and dimensionality and changes from indirect to direct in monolayer nanosheets, intriguing for (opto)electronic, sensing, and solar energy harvesting applications. Moreover, rich intercalation chemistry and abundance of catalytically active edge sites make them promising for fabrication of novel energy storage devices and advanced catalysts. In this review, we provide an overview on all aspects of the basic science, physicochemical properties and characterization techniques as well as all existing production methods and applications of G6-TMD nanomaterials in a comprehensive yet concise treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing a linkage between the features of production methods and the specific needs of rapidly growing applications of G6-TMDs to develop a production-application selection guide. Based on this selection guide, a framework is suggested for future research on how to bridge existing knowledge gaps and improve current production methods towards technological application of G6-TMD nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morasae Samadi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.
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33
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Lee JH, Park JY, Cho EB, Kim TY, Han SA, Kim TH, Liu Y, Kim SK, Roh CJ, Yoon HJ, Ryu H, Seung W, Lee JS, Lee J, Kim SW. Reliable Piezoelectricity in Bilayer WSe 2 for Piezoelectric Nanogenerators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606667. [PMID: 28585262 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, piezoelectricity has been observed in 2D atomically thin materials, such as hexagonal-boron nitride, graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Specifically, exfoliated monolayer MoS2 exhibits a high piezoelectricity that is comparable to that of traditional piezoelectric materials. However, monolayer TMD materials are not regarded as suitable for actual piezoelectric devices due to their insufficient mechanical durability for sustained operation while Bernal-stacked bilayer TMD materials lose noncentrosymmetry and consequently piezoelectricity. Here, it is shown that WSe2 bilayers fabricated via turbostratic stacking have reliable piezoelectric properties that cannot be obtained from a mechanically exfoliated WSe2 bilayer with Bernal stacking. Turbostratic stacking refers to the transfer of each chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown WSe2 monolayer to allow for an increase in degrees of freedom in the bilayer symmetry, leading to noncentrosymmetry in the bilayers. In contrast, CVD-grown WSe2 bilayers exhibit very weak piezoelectricity because of the energetics and crystallographic orientation. The flexible piezoelectric WSe2 bilayers exhibit a prominent mechanical durability of up to 0.95% of strain as well as reliable energy harvesting performance, which is adequate to drive a small liquid crystal display without external energy sources, in contrast to monolayer WSe2 for which the device performance becomes degraded above a strain of 0.63%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyuck Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang A Han
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanan Liu
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jae Roh
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Joon Yoon
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjun Ryu
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanchul Seung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaichan Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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