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Bains W, Petkowski JJ, Seager S. Venus' Atmospheric Chemistry and Cloud Characteristics Are Compatible with Venusian Life. ASTROBIOLOGY 2024; 24:371-385. [PMID: 37306952 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2022.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Venus is Earth's sister planet, with similar mass and density but an uninhabitably hot surface, an atmosphere with a water activity 50-100 times lower than anywhere on Earths' surface, and clouds believed to be made of concentrated sulfuric acid. These features have been taken to imply that the chances of finding life on Venus are vanishingly small, with several authors describing Venus' clouds as "uninhabitable," and that apparent signs of life there must therefore be abiotic, or artefactual. In this article, we argue that although many features of Venus can rule out the possibility that Earth life could live there, none rule out the possibility of all life based on what we know of the physical principle of life on Earth. Specifically, there is abundant energy, the energy requirements for retaining water and capturing hydrogen atoms to build biomass are not excessive, defenses against sulfuric acid are conceivable and have terrestrial precedent, and the speculative possibility that life uses concentrated sulfuric acid as a solvent instead of water remains. Metals are likely to be available in limited supply, and the radiation environment is benign. The clouds can support a biomass that could readily be detectable by future astrobiology-focused space missions from its impact on the atmosphere. Although we consider the prospects for finding life on Venus to be speculative, they are not absent. The scientific reward from finding life in such an un-Earthlike environment justifies considering how observations and missions should be designed to be capable of detecting life if it is there.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bains
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Janusz J Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- JJ Scientific, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Assad H, Lone IA, Sihmar A, Kumar A, Kumar A. An overview of contemporary developments and the application of graphene-based materials in anticorrosive coatings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30658-7. [PMID: 37996595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Although graphene and graphene-based materials (GBMs) offer a wide range of possible applications, interest in their use as barrier layers or as reinforcements in coatings for the mitigation of corrosion has grown during the past decade. Because of its unique two-dimensional nanostructure and exceptional physicochemical characteristics, graphene has gotten a lot of attention as an anti-corrosion material. This enthusiasm is largely driven by the requirement to integrate more features, improve anti-corrosion effectiveness, and eventually prolong the service duration of metallic components. As barriers against metal corrosion, graphene nanosheets can be applied singly or in combination to create thin films, layered frameworks, or composites. Concurrently, over the past few years, significant advancements have been made in the establishment of scalable production methods for graphene and materials based on graphene. Since there is currently a wide variety of graphene material with various morphologies and characteristics, it is even more important that the production approach and the intended application be properly matched. This review gathers the most recent data and aims to give the reader a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in the use of graphene and GBMs in various anti-corrosion strategies. The structure-property correlation and anticorrosion techniques in these systems are given special consideration. The current article offers a critical examination of this topic as well, stressing the areas that require more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humira Assad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmed Lone
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ashish Sihmar
- Department of Chemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Science, Technology and Technical Education Department, Government of Bihar, Nalanda, Bihar, 803108, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Nalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Science, Technology and Technical Education Department, Government of Bihar, Nalanda, Bihar, 803108, India.
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Kim YJ, Seo TH, Kim YH, Suh EK, Bae S, Hwang JY, Kim J, Kang Y, Kim MJ, Ahn S. Two-Dimensional Stacked Composites of Self-Assembled Alkane Layers and Graphene for Transparent Gas Barrier Films with Low Permeability. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:286-293. [PMID: 34978186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled alkane layers are introduced between graphene layers to physically block nanometer size defects in graphene and lateral gas pathways between graphene layers. A well-defined hexatriacontane (HTC) monolayer on graphene could cover nanometer-size defects because of the flexible nature and strong intermolecular van der Waals interactions of alkane, despite the roughness of graphene. In addition, HTC multilayers between graphene layers greatly improve their adhesion. This indicates that HTC multilayers between graphene layers can effectively block the lateral pathway between graphene layers by filling open space with close-packed self-assembled alkanes. By these mechanisms, alternately stacked composites of graphene and self-assembled alkane layers greatly increase the gas-barrier property to a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as low as 1.2 × 10-3 g/(m2 day), whereas stacked graphene layers generally show a WVTR < 0.5 g/(m2 day). Furthermore, the self-assembled alkane layers have superior crystallinity and wide bandgap, so they have little effect on the transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jeong Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Seo
- Green Energy & Nano Technology R&D group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hui Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sukang Bae
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
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Kotsidi M, Gorgolis G, Pastore Carbone MG, Anagnostopoulos G, Paterakis G, Poggi G, Manikas A, Trakakis G, Baglioni P, Galiotis C. Preventing colour fading in artworks with graphene veils. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1004-1010. [PMID: 34211165 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modern and contemporary art materials are generally prone to irreversible colour changes upon exposure to light and oxidizing agents. Graphene can be produced in thin large sheets, blocks ultraviolet light, and is impermeable to oxygen, moisture and corrosive agents; therefore, it has the potential to be used as a transparent layer for the protection of art objects in museums, during storage and transportation. Here we show that a single-layer or multilayer graphene veil, produced by chemical vapour deposition, can be deposited over artworks to protect them efficiently against colour fading, with a protection factor of up to 70%. We also show that this process is reversible since the graphene protective layer can be removed using a soft rubber eraser without causing any damage to the artwork. We have also explored a complementary contactless graphene-based route for colour protection that is based on the deposition of graphene on picture framing glass for use when the direct application of graphene is not feasible due to surface roughness or artwork fragility. Overall, the present results are a proof of concept of the potential use of graphene as an effective and removable protective advanced material to prevent colour fading in artworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kotsidi
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - G Gorgolis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - M G Pastore Carbone
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - G Anagnostopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - G Paterakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - G Poggi
- CSGI & Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Manikas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - G Trakakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - P Baglioni
- CSGI & Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Galiotis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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Ilsouk M, Raihane M, Rhouta B, Meri RM, Zicans J, Vecstaudža J, Lahcini M. The relationship of structure, thermal and water vapor permeability barrier properties of poly(butylene succinate)/organomodified beidellite clay bionanocomposites prepared by in situ polycondensation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37314-37326. [PMID: 35521238 PMCID: PMC9057159 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of beidellite clay (BDT), used as a nanofiller in the preparation of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/organoclay biodegradable nanocomposites, was investigated. A series of bionanocomposites with various loadings of the organoclay (3CTA-BDT) were prepared by in situ polycondensation reaction between succinic anhydride (SuAh) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) at atmospheric pressure in refluxing decalin with azeotropic removal of water, and the reaction was catalyzed by non-toxic bismuth chloride (BiCl3). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that 3CTA-BDT was likely exfoliated and well dispersed in PBS matrix. Thermal properties (TGA, DSC and thermal conductivity), contact angle measurements and water vapor sorption behavior of the corresponding nanocomposites were also discussed. Compared to pure PBS, a significant reduction of the diffusion coefficient and the water vapor permeability (WVP) by 44 and 37%, respectively, was observed by adding only 5 wt% of 3CTA-BDT. These results could make these bionanocomposites suitable materials for food packaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ilsouk
- IMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi-Ayyad University Av. Abdelkrim Khattabi, BP 549 40000 Marrakech Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Mustapha Raihane
- IMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi-Ayyad University Av. Abdelkrim Khattabi, BP 549 40000 Marrakech Morocco
| | - Benaissa Rhouta
- IMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi-Ayyad University Av. Abdelkrim Khattabi, BP 549 40000 Marrakech Morocco
| | - Remo Merijs Meri
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University Paula Valdena St 3/7 Riga LV-1048 Latvia
| | - Janis Zicans
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University Paula Valdena St 3/7 Riga LV-1048 Latvia
| | - Jana Vecstaudža
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University Pulka 3 Riga LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Mohammed Lahcini
- IMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi-Ayyad University Av. Abdelkrim Khattabi, BP 549 40000 Marrakech Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
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Fabrication of gallium nitride and nitrogen doped single layer graphene hybrid heterostructures for high performance photodetectors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14507. [PMID: 32879355 PMCID: PMC7468238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN) was epitaxially grown on nitrogen doped single layer graphene (N-SLG) substrates using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique. The results obtained using x-ray diffractometer (XRD) revealed the hexagonal crystal structure of GaN. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy revealed traces of oxygen, carbon and nitrogen occurring either as contamination or as an effect of doping during the GaN growth process. In addition, PL revealed a weak yellow luminescence peak in all the samples due to the presence of N-SLG. From the obtained results it was evident that, presence of N-SLG underneath GaN helped in improving the material properties. It was seen from the current-voltage (I-V) response that the barrier height estimated is in good agreement with the Schottky-Mott model, while the ideality factor is close to unity, emphasizing that there are no surface and interface related inhomogeneity in the samples. The photodetector fabricated with this material exhibit high device performances in terms of carrier mobility, sensitivity, responsivity and detectivity. The hall measurement values clearly portray that, the GaN thus grown possess high electron contents which was beneficial in attaining extraordinary device performance.
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Lee DH, Yun HD, Jung ED, Chu JH, Nam YS, Song S, Seok SH, Song MH, Kwon SY. Ultrathin Graphene Intercalation in PEDOT:PSS/Colorless Polyimide-Based Transparent Electrodes for Enhancement of Optoelectronic Performance and Operational Stability of Organic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21069-21077. [PMID: 31094197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel flexible transparent electrode (TE) having a trilayer-stacked geometry and high optoelectronic performance and operational stability was fabricated by the spin coating method. The trilayer was composed of an ultrathin graphene (Gr) film sandwiched between a transparent and colorless polyimide (TCPI) layer and a methanesulfonic acid (MSA)-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer containing dimethylsulfoxide and Zonyl fluorosurfactant (designated as MSA-PDZ film). The introduction of solution-processable TCPI enabled the direct formation of high-quality graphene on organic surfaces with a clean interface. Stable doping of graphene with the MSA-PDZ film enabled tuning of the inherent work function and optoelectronic properties of the PEDOT:PSS films, leading to a high figure of merit of ∼70 in the as-fabricated TEs. Particularly, from multivariate and repetitive harsh environmental tests ( T = -50 to 90 °C, over 90 RH%), the TCPI/Gr heterostructure exhibited excellent tolerance to mechanical and thermal stresses and gas barrier properties that protected the MSA-PDZ film from exposure to moisture. Owing to the synergetic effect from the TCPI/Gr/MSA-PDZ anode structure, the TCPI/Gr/MSA-PDZ-based polymer light-emitting diodes showed highly improved current and power efficiencies with maxima as high as 20.84 cd/A and 22.92 lm/W, respectively (comparable to those of indium tin oxide based PLEDs), in addition to much enhanced mechanical flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hee Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Duk Yun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Dae Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Nam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seunguk Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Hyun Seok
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Yong Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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Kotsilkov S, Ivanov E, Vitanov NK. Release of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes from Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Films during Degradation and Combustion: Risk Associated with the End-of-Life of Nanocomposite Food Packaging Materials. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122346. [PMID: 30469480 PMCID: PMC6316115 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes are attractive materials for the improvement of mechanical and barrier properties and for the functionality of biodegradable polymers for packaging applications. However, the increase of the manufacture and consumption increases the probability of exposure of humans and the environment to such nanomaterials; this brings up questions about the risks of nanomaterials, since they can be toxic. For a risk assessment, it is crucial to know whether airborne nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes can be released from nanocomposites into the environment at their end-life, or whether they remain embedded in the matrix. In this work, the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from the poly(lactic) acid nanocomposite films were studied for the scenarios of: (i) biodegradation of the matrix polymer at the disposal of wastes; and (ii) combustion and fire of nanocomposite wastes. Thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to verify the release of nanoparticles from nanocomposite films. The three factors model was applied for the quantitative and qualitative risk assessment of the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from nanocomposite wastes for these scenarios. Safety concern is discussed in respect to the existing regulations for nanowaste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotsilkov
- Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Evgeni Ivanov
- Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Research and Development of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies (NanoTechLab Ltd.), Acad. G. Bonchev, Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolay Kolev Vitanov
- Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Le Floch P, Meixuanzi S, Tang J, Liu J, Suo Z. Stretchable Seal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27333-27343. [PMID: 30016067 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many stretchable electronic devices require stretchable hermetic seals. However, stretchability and permeability are inextricably linked at the molecular level: stretchable, low-permeability materials do not exist. We collect data for the permeation of water and oxygen in many materials and describe the scaling relations for both flat and wrinkled seals. Whereas flat seals struggle to fulfill the simultaneous requirements of stretchability, low stiffness, and low transmissibility, wrinkled seals can fulfill them readily. We further explore the behavior of wrinkled seals under cyclic stretch using aluminum, polyethylene, and silica films on elastomer substrates. The wrinkled aluminum develops fatigue cracks after a small number of cycles, but the wrinkled polyethylene and silica maintain low transmissibility after 10 000 cycles of tensile strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Le Floch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Shi Meixuanzi
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Jingda Tang
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Engineering Mechanics , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhigang Suo
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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Dasari Shareena TP, McShan D, Dasmahapatra AK, Tchounwou PB. A Review on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications and Risks in Environment and Health. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:53. [PMID: 30079344 PMCID: PMC6075845 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing: (1) the history, synthesis, structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications; (2) GBNs uses as therapeutics, drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials; (3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and (4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle McShan
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Asok K Dasmahapatra
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
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Le Floch P, Yao X, Liu Q, Wang Z, Nian G, Sun Y, Jia L, Suo Z. Wearable and Washable Conductors for Active Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25542-25552. [PMID: 28696090 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of stretchable electronics and its potential integration with textiles have highlighted a challenge: Textiles are wearable and washable, but electronic devices are not. Many stretchable conductors have been developed to enable wearable active textiles, but little has been done to make them washable. Here we demonstrate a new class of stretchable conductors that can endure wearing and washing conditions commonly associated with textiles. Such a conductor consists of a hydrogel, a dissolved hygroscopic salt, and a butyl rubber coating. The hygroscopic salt enables ionic conduction and matches the relative humidity of the hydrogel to the average ambient relative humidity. The butyl rubber coating prevents the loss and gain of water due to the daily fluctuation of ambient relative humidity. We develop the chemistry of dip-coating the butyl rubber onto the hydrogel, using silanes to achieve both the cross-link of the butyl rubber and the adhesion between the butyl rubber and the hydrogel. We test the endurance of the conductor by soaking it in detergent while stretching it cyclically and by machine-washing it. The loss of water and salt is minimal. It is hoped that these conductors open applications in healthcare, entertainment, and fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Le Floch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Xi Yao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Qihan Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Zhengjing Wang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Guodong Nian
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zhigang Suo
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Hu X, Jiang H, Li J, Ma J, Yang D, Liu Z, Gao F, Liu SF. Air and thermally stable perovskite solar cells with CVD-graphene as the blocking layer. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8274-8280. [PMID: 28585969 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01186e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The poor air and thermal stability of organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have hindered their real applications. Here we report the insertion of a chemical vapor deposited graphene between the Au electrode and spiro-OMeTAD in planar perovskite solar cells to block the diffusion of air and Au into the perovskite layer, where the single layer graphene is transferred into the devices by a simple laminated process. After ageing in 45% humidity air for 96 h or thermal annealing at 80 °C for 12 h, more than 94% PCE of the devices with graphene can be maintained, which is much better than that of devices without graphene (∼57%). The improved stability of devices with the graphene layer is attributed to the reduction of carrier recombination from decomposition of the perovskite layer in air or Au doping into the perovskite layer under annealing treatment. Therefore, graphene is a promising ultra-thin barrier against air and metal diffusion, and has potential applications in photovoltaic devices, integrated circuit chips and light emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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14
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Kidambi PR, Terry RA, Wang L, Boutilier MSH, Jang D, Kong J, Karnik R. Assessment and control of the impermeability of graphene for atomically thin membranes and barriers. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8496-8507. [PMID: 28604878 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials such as graphene offer fundamentally transformative opportunities in membrane separations and as impermeable barriers, but the lack of facile methods to assess and control its 'impermeability' critically limits progress. Here we show that a simple etch of the growth catalyst (Cu) through defects in monolayer graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be used to effectively assess graphene quality for membrane/barrier applications. Using feedback from the method to tune synthesis, we realize graphene with nearly no nanometer-scale defects as assessed by diffusion measurements, in contrast to commercially available graphene that is largely optimized for electronic applications. Interestingly, we observe clear evidence of leakage through larger defects associated with wrinkles in graphene, which are selectively sealed to realize centimeter-scale atomically thin barriers exhibiting <2% mass transport compared to the graphene support. Our work provides a facile method to assess and control the 'impermeability' of graphene and shows that future work should be directed towards the control of leakage associated with wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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15
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Kidambi PR, Boutilier MSH, Wang L, Jang D, Kim J, Karnik R. Selective Nanoscale Mass Transport across Atomically Thin Single Crystalline Graphene Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605896. [PMID: 28306180 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin single crystals, without grain boundaries and associated defect clusters, represent ideal systems to study and understand intrinsic defects in materials, but probing them collectively over large area remains nontrivial. In this study, the authors probe nanoscale mass transport across large-area (≈0.2 cm2 ) single-crystalline graphene membranes. A novel, polymer-free picture frame assisted technique, coupled with a stress-inducing nickel layer is used to transfer single crystalline graphene grown on silicon carbide substrates to flexible polycarbonate track etched supports with well-defined cylindrical ≈200 nm pores. Diffusion-driven flow shows selective transport of ≈0.66 nm hydrated K+ and Cl- ions over ≈1 nm sized small molecules, indicating the presence of selective sub-nanometer to nanometer sized defects. This work presents a framework to test the barrier properties and intrinsic quality of atomically thin materials at the sub-nanometer to nanometer scale over technologically relevant large areas, and suggests the potential use of intrinsic defects in atomically thin materials for molecular separations or desalting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael S H Boutilier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Luda Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Doojoon Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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