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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Gao H, Guo Z, Wang D, Luan Y, Wang L. Preparation and Characterization of Bilayer Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals Doped with Gd 2O 3 Nanoparticles and Rhodamine B Base Fluorescent Dye. Molecules 2024; 29:1126. [PMID: 38474638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Using the polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) method, bilayer polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films with a PDLC-PVA-PDLC structure were prepared in this work. It was found that all PDLC performance indexes were affected by polymer mesh size after comparing the microscopic morphology and electro-optical properties of samples with different monomer ratios. Gd2O3 nanoparticles and rhodamine B base fluorescent dyes introduced into the bilayer PDLC optimized the samples' electro-optical properties and developed new functionalities. In addition, the bilayer PDLC doped with Gd2O3 and rhodamine B base held excellent progressive driving functions as well as stable durability properties. Samples doped with Gd2O3 nanoparticles and rhodamine B base also produced excellent anti-counterfeiting effects under UV irradiation at different angles, further exploiting the application potential of PDLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Xun Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Division of Material Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Zhun Guo
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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2
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Lin H, Zhao Y, Jiao X, Gao H, Guo Z, Wang D, Luan Y, Wang L. Preparation and Application of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film with Step-Driven Display Capability. Molecules 2024; 29:1109. [PMID: 38474621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The realization of multifunctional advanced displays with better electro-optical properties is especially crucial at present. However, conventional integral full drive-based transparent display is increasingly failing to meet the demands of the day. Herein, partitioned polymerization as a novel preparation method was introduced innovatively into polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) for realizing a step-driven display in agreement with fluorescent dye to solve the above drawback. At first, the utilization of fluorescent dye to endow the PDLC film with fluorescent properties resulted in a reduction in the saturation voltage of the PDLC from 39.7 V to 25.5 V and an increase in the contrast ratio from 58.4 to 96.6. Meanwhile, the experimental observations and theoretical considerations have elucidated that variation in microscopic pore size can significantly influence the electro-optical behavior of PDLC. Then, the step-driven PDLC film was fabricated through the exposure of different regions of the LC cell to different UV-light intensities, resulting in stepwise voltage-transmittance (V-T) responses of the PDLC film for the corresponding regions. Consequently, under appropriate driving voltages, the PDLC can realize three different states of total scattering, semi-transparent and total transparent, respectively. In addition, the PDLC film also embodied an outstanding anti-aging property and UV-shielding performance, which makes it fascinating for multifunctional advanced display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Xiangke Jiao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Division of Material Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Zhun Guo
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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3
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Wang D. Preparation of Progressive Driving Bilayer Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals Possessing a PDLC-PVA-PDLC Structure. Molecules 2024; 29:508. [PMID: 38276586 PMCID: PMC10819776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the bilayer polymer-dispersed liquid crystals possessing a PDLC-PVA-PDLC structure were prepared by integrating two monolayer PDLCs. The effect of the polymer mesh size on the electro-optical properties of a bilayer PDLC was investigated by comparing the micro-morphology and electro-optical curves under different polymerization conditions. In addition, the impact of doping MoO2 nanoparticles with surface modification on the comprehensive performance of the bilayer PDLC was further researched. The contrast ratio of the bilayer PDLC prepared under the optimal conditions was improved by more than 90% and still maintained excellent progressive driving performance. Therefore, the development of a bilayer PDLC with optimal electro-optical properties will significantly enhance the technological prospects for the application of PDLC-based devices in smart windows, displays, and flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Wu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Yu P, Chen X, Zhang D, Gao J, Ma C, Zhang C, He Z, Wang D, Miao Z. Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films on Flexible Substrates with Excellent Bending Resistance and Spacing Stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:610-618. [PMID: 36541927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are very attractive due to their electrically switchable properties. However, current PDLC films still have problems such as high driving voltages, low contrast ratio (CR), and poor bending resistance and spacing stability. To solve these problems, a PDLC film with a system of coexisting polymer spacer columns and polymer network was proposed. First, based on the adhesive systems of IBMA and UV6301, the effects of IBMA concentration and LC content on the morphology of the polymer network and the electro-optical properties of PDLC were investigated, respectively. Then, the effects of the process conditions of mask polymerization such as temperature, time, and UV light intensity on the morphology and electro-optical properties of the polymer spacer columns were systematically investigated. It was found that PDLC films with the coexistence system exhibit both excellent electro-optical properties and outstanding bending resistance and spacing stability. Thus, it provides new practical possibilities for the preparation of high-performance PDLC films used in flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xianliang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Jianjing Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Zemin He
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (IOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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5
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Steric group-based polymer dispersed liquid crystal composite films with high contrast ratio, low driving voltage and small hysteresis. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Zhao Y, Li J, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Yao R, Gao J, Zhang Y, Wang D. Electro-Optical Characteristics of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Doped with MgO Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217265. [PMID: 36364092 PMCID: PMC9658133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, inorganic oxide MgO nanoparticles-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films were made from a mixture of the prepolymer, SLC1717 liquid crystal, and MgO nanoparticles by the polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS) process. To observe the effect of MgO concentration, PDLC was dispersed with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt.% MgO. Electro-optical properties of the films have been investigated using LCD parameter meter and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at room temperature. It is established that MgO nanoparticles affect the microstructure of PDLC films significantly because of the formed agglomerates of MgO nanoparticles. Results show an improvement in the electro-optical properties and a decrease in the driving voltage for doped systems with MgO nanoparticles. When the doping amount of MgO is 0.8 wt.%, the threshold voltage (Vth) is reduced to about 7.5 V. Therefore, MgO-doped PDLC is expected to become an excellent choice in the field of energy-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Jinqian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Zhun Guo
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Ruijuan Yao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Jianjing Gao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (D.W.)
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7
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Huang CY, Lin SH. Polarization-Dependent Gratings Based on Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Cells with In-Plane Switching Electrodes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020297. [PMID: 35054701 PMCID: PMC8779636 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A diffraction grating of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) with polarization-selective characteristics is investigated. Electrically controllable gratings are produced using In-Plane Switching (IPS) electrodes. Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes with a stripe pattern are used to generate a horizontal electric field parallel to the substrate on a single glass substrate. It is known from the experimental results that the number of diffraction orders can be controlled by applied voltage. Except for the zeroth order, the consistently highest intensity can be obtained for every other order of diffraction, and the polarization direction of the diffraction is perpendicular to the direction of the electrode stripes. The polarization direction of the zeroth order diffraction is parallel to the direction of the electrode stripes. Therefore, it can be used as a filter for light polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hung Lin
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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8
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Li K, Wang J, Cai W, He H, Cen M, Liu J, Luo D, Mu Q, Gérard D, Liu YJ. Electrically Switchable, Polarization-Sensitive Encryption Based on Aluminum Nanoaperture Arrays Integrated with Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7183-7190. [PMID: 34410715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metasurface-based structural coloration is a promising enabling technology for advanced optical encryption with a high-security level. Herein, we propose a paradigm of electrically switchable, polarization-sensitive optical encryption based on designed metasurfaces integrated with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. The metasurfaces consist of anisotropic and isotropic aluminum nanoaperture arrays. Optical images can be encrypted by elaborately arranging anisotropic and isotropic nanoapertures based on their polarization-dependent plasmonic resonance characteristics. We demonstrate high-quality encrypted images and QR codes with electrically switchable, polarization-sensitive properties based on PDLC-integrated aluminum nanoaperture arrays. The proposed technique can be applied to many fields including high-security optical encryption, security tags, anticounterfeiting, multichannel imaging, and dynamic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Light, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes and CNRS ERL 7004, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huilin He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengjia Cen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Quanquan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Davy Gérard
- Light, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes and CNRS ERL 7004, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Yan Jun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Huang CY, Lin SH. Organic Solvent Sensors Using Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films with a Pillar Pattern. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172906. [PMID: 34502946 PMCID: PMC8434618 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An organic solvent sensor of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) film is fabricated by a combination of tri-functional monomers and LCs. When the patterned PDLC film comes into contact with the organic solvent, the organic solvent will penetrate into the film to induce the orientation of the liquid crystals, which will change from an ordered to a disordered state, which causes the PDLC film to scatter incident light. The experiment used acetone and ethanol as the organic solvents of interest. The results show that the patterned PDLC film has a stronger response to acetone than to ethanol. Based on the difference in the intensity of light scattering and the response time of the patterned PDLC film to different organic solvents, the results can be used to identify and recognize different types of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hung Lin
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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10
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Saeed MH, Zhang S, Cao Y, Zhou L, Hu J, Muhammad I, Xiao J, Zhang L, Yang H. Recent Advances in The Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Composite and Its Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E5510. [PMID: 33255525 PMCID: PMC7727789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) have kindled a spark of interest because of their unique characteristic of electrically controlled switching. However, some issues including high operating voltage, low contrast ratio and poor mechanical properties are hindering their practical applications. To overcome these drawbacks, some measures were taken such as molecular structure optimization of the monomers and liquid crystals, modification of PDLC and doping of nanoparticles and dyes. This review aims at detailing the recent advances in the process, preparations and applications of PDLCs over the past six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Hassan Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Shuaifeng Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Yaping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Le Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Junmei Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Imran Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Jiumei Xiao
- Department of Applied Mechanics, University of Sciences and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Lanying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Huai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
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11
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Gaviria Rojas WA, Hersam MC. Chirality-Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for Next-Generation Computing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905654. [PMID: 32255238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For the past half century, silicon has served as the primary material platform for integrated circuit technology. However, the recent proliferation of nontraditional electronics, such as wearables, embedded systems, and low-power portable devices, has led to increasingly complex mechanical and electrical performance requirements. Among emerging electronic materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for next-generation computing as a result of their superlative electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, their chirality-dependent properties enable a wide range of emerging electronic applications including sub-10 nm complementary field-effect transistors, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and enantiomer-recognition sensors. Here, recent progress in SWCNT-based computing devices is reviewed, with an emphasis on the relationship between chirality enrichment and electronic functionality. In particular, after highlighting chirality-dependent SWCNT properties and chirality enrichment methods, the range of computing applications that have been demonstrated using chirality-enriched SWCNTs are summarized. By identifying remaining challenges and opportunities, this work provides a roadmap for next-generation SWCNT-based computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gaviria Rojas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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12
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Kizhakidathazhath R, Nishikawa H, Okumura Y, Higuchi H, Kikuchi H. High-Performance Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Enabled by Uniquely Designed Acrylate Monomer. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1625. [PMID: 32707769 PMCID: PMC7466073 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread electro-optical applications of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are hampered by their high-driving voltage. Attempts to fabricate PDLC devices with low driving voltage sacrifice other desirable features of PDLCs. There is thus a clear need to develop a method to reduce the driving voltage without diminishing other revolutionary features of PDLCs. Herein, we report a low-voltage driven PDLC system achieved through an elegantly simple and uniquely designed acrylate monomer (A3DA) featuring a benzene moiety with a dodecyl terminal chain. The PDLC films were fabricated by the photopolymerization of mono- and di-functional acrylate monomers (19.2 wt%) mixed in a nematic liquid crystal E7 (80 wt%). The PDLC film with A3DA exhibited an abrupt decline of driving voltage by 75% (0.55 V/μm) with a high contrast ratio (16.82) while maintaining other electro-optical properties almost the same as the reference cell. The response time was adjusted to satisfactory by tuning the monomer concentration while maintaining the voltage significantly low (3 ms for a voltage of 0.98 V/μm). Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the polyhedral foam texture morphology with an average mesh size of approximately 2.6 μm, which is less in comparison with the mesh size of reference PDLC (3.4 μm), yet the A3DA-PDLC showed low switching voltage. Thus, the promoted electro-optical properties are believed to be originated from the unique polymer networks formed by A3DA and its weak anchoring behavior on LCs. The present system with such a huge reduction in driving voltage and enhanced electro-optical performance opens up an excellent way for abundant perspective applications of PDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hirotsugu Kikuchi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.O.); (H.H.)
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13
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Shrivas K, Ghosale A, Bajpai P, Kant T, Dewangan K, Shankar R. Advances in flexible electronics and electrochemical sensors using conducting nanomaterials: A review. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Li Z, Jin J, Yang F, Song N, Yin Y. Coupling magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy in hybrid nanorods for mechanochromic responses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1-2. [PMID: 32513996 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochromic response is of great importance in designing bionic robot systems and colorimetric devices. Unfortunately, compared to mimicking motions of natural creatures, fabricating mechanochromic systems with programmable colorimetric responses remains challenging. Herein, we report the development of unconventional mechanochromic films based on hybrid nanorods integrated with magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy. Magnetic-plasmonic hybrid nanorods have been synthesized through a unique space-confined seed-mediated process, which represents an open platform for preparing next-generation complex nanostructures. By coupling magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy, the plasmonic excitation of the hybrid nanorods could be collectively regulated using magnetic fields. It facilitates convenient incorporation of the hybrid nanorods into polymer films with a well-controlled orientation and enables sensitive colorimetric changes in response to linear and angular motions. The combination of unique synthesis and convenient magnetic alignment provides an advanced approach for designing programmable mechanochromic devices with the desired precision, flexibility, and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jianbo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ningning Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Xu W, Zheng Y, Bao J, Li X, Bao Y, Shan G, Pan P. Polymorphic crystalline structure and diversified crystalline morphology of poly(butylene adipate) blended with low‐molecular‐mass liquid crystals. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jianna Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yongzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University‐Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University‐Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University‐Quzhou Quzhou China
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Brohmann M, Berger FJ, Matthiesen M, Schießl SP, Schneider S, Zaumseil J. Charge Transport in Mixed Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks with Tailored Mixing Ratios. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7323-7332. [PMID: 31184852 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Brohmann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maik Matthiesen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Schießl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Schneider
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lima R, Del Fiol FS, Balcão VM. Prospects for the Use of New Technologies to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:692. [PMID: 31293420 PMCID: PMC6598392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of antibiotics is being driven by factors such as the aging of the population, increased occurrence of infections, and greater prevalence of chronic diseases that require antimicrobial treatment. The excessive and unnecessary use of antibiotics in humans has led to the emergence of bacteria resistant to the antibiotics currently available, as well as to the selective development of other microorganisms, hence contributing to the widespread dissemination of resistance genes at the environmental level. Due to this, attempts are being made to develop new techniques to combat resistant bacteria, among them the use of strictly lytic bacteriophage particles, CRISPR-Cas, and nanotechnology. The use of these technologies, alone or in combination, is promising for solving a problem that humanity faces today and that could lead to human extinction: the domination of pathogenic bacteria resistant to artificial drugs. This prospective paper discusses the potential of bacteriophage particles, CRISPR-Cas, and nanotechnology for use in combating human (bacterial) infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Lima
- LABiToN-Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Sá Del Fiol
- CRIA-Antibiotic Reference and Information Center, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Victor M Balcão
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, i(bs)2-intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil.,Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Abdulhalim I, Madhuri PL, Diab M, Mokari T. Novel easy to fabricate liquid crystal composite with potential for electrically or thermally controlled transparency windows. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17387-17401. [PMID: 31252949 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Switchable liquid crystal (LC) composites are a unique and attractive class of functional materials due to their extensive use in various applications including smart and privacy windows. Demand for developing smart windows with good switchable performance has steadily increasing in the past decades due to their importance in energy saving. Herein, we present the use of novel and highly active switchable LC composite material-octadecanol-doped LC-prepared via a facile, low-cost, and scalable process, for thermally or electrically controlled transparency windows. A systematic study of the switchable behavior reveals the formation of a reversible molecular arrangement between the LC and the octadecanol, which allows control of the transparency through scattering modulation of the device by voltage or temperature. The devices fabricated by sandwiching the LC composite material between two ITO-covered glass slides present switchable performance with high potential for cost-effective utilization in various applications, such as light shutters, smart or privacy windows.
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Schneider S, Brohmann M, Lorenz R, Hofstetter YJ, Rother M, Sauter E, Zharnikov M, Vaynzof Y, Himmel HJ, Zaumseil J. Efficient n-Doping and Hole Blocking in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Transistors with 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)ben-zene. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5895-5902. [PMID: 29787248 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient, stable, and solution-based n-doping of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is highly desired for complementary circuits but remains a significant challenge. Here, we present 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene (ttmgb) as a strong two-electron donor that enables the fabrication of purely n-type SWCNT field-effect transistors (FETs). We apply ttmgb to networks of monochiral, semiconducting (6,5) SWCNTs that show intrinsic ambipolar behavior in bottom-contact/top-gate FETs and obtain unipolar n-type transport with 3-5-fold enhancement of electron mobilities (approximately 10 cm2 V-1 s-1), while completely suppressing hole currents, even at high drain voltages. These n-type FETs show excellent on/off current ratios of up to 108, steep subthreshold swings (80-100 mV/dec), and almost no hysteresis. Their excellent device characteristics stem from the reduction of the work function of the gold electrodes via contact doping, blocking of hole injection by ttmgb2+ on the electrode surface, and removal of residual water from the SWCNT network by ttmgb protonation. The ttmgb-treated SWCNT FETs also display excellent environmental stability under bias stress in ambient conditions. Complementary inverters based on n- and p-doped SWCNT FETs exhibit rail-to-rail operation with high gain and low power dissipation. The simple and stable ttmgb molecule thus serves as an example for the larger class of guanidino-functionalized aromatic compounds as promising electron donors for high-performance thin film electronics.
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Xia J, Zhao J, Meng H, Huang Q, Dong G, Zhang H, Liu F, Mao D, Liang X, Peng L. Performance enhancement of carbon nanotube thin film transistor by yttrium oxide capping. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4202-4208. [PMID: 29450427 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08676h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube thin film transistors (CNT-TFTs) are regarded as promising technology for active matrix pixel driving circuits of future flat panel displays (FPD). For FPD application, unipolar thin film transistors (TFTs) with high mobility (μ), high on-state current (ION), low off-current (IOFF) at high source/drain bias and small hysteresis are required simultaneously. Though excellent values of those performance metrics have been realized individually in different reports, the overall performance of previously reported CNT-TFTs has not met the above requirements. In this paper, we found that yttrium oxide (Y2O3) capping is helpful in improving both ION and μ of CNT-TFTs. Combining Y2O3 capping and Al2O3 passivation, unipolar CNT-TFTs with high ION/IOFF (>107) and low IOFF (∼pA) at -10.1 V source/drain bias, and relatively small hysteresis in the range of -30 V to +30 V gate voltage were achieved, which are capable of active matrix display driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Xia
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China.
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Wu Q, Wang Y. Low driving voltage ITO doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film and reverse voltage pulse driving method. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:8159-8163. [PMID: 29047679 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.008159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of indium tin oxide (ITO) powders on the driving voltage of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). The threshold voltage (Vth) and driving voltage (Vd) can be reduced through doping the ITO powders; in particular, the Vd is 5.8 V when the weight ratio of ITO is 1.5 wt. %. The relationship between the applied voltage and off-time of PDLC has been investigated; the lower the applied voltage, the shorter the off-time. On this basis, the reverse voltage pulse driving method was proposed; this driving method uses the driving signal to reduce the off-time of PDLC.
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22
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Cao Y, Cong S, Cao X, Wu F, Liu Q, Amer MR, Zhou C. Review of Electronics Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:75. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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