1
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Chen H, Wang S, Cao Y, Lei H. Molecular Force Sensors for Biological Application. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6198. [PMID: 38892386 PMCID: PMC11173168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical forces exerted by cells on their surrounding microenvironment are known as cellular traction forces. These forces play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as tissue development, wound healing and cell functions. However, it is hard for traditional techniques to measure cellular traction forces accurately because their magnitude (from pN to nN) and the length scales over which they occur (from nm to μm) are extremely small. In order to fully understand mechanotransduction, highly sensitive tools for measuring cellular forces are needed. Current powerful techniques for measuring traction forces include traction force microscopy (TFM) and fluorescent molecular force sensors (FMFS). In this review, we elucidate the force imaging principles of TFM and FMFS. Then we highlight the application of FMFS in a variety of biological processes and offer our perspectives and insights into the potential applications of FMFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (H.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Shouhan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (H.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (H.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Hai Lei
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute for Advanced Study in Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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2
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Gamblin C, Chavrier P. [Formation, organization and function of invadosomes in cell motility and tumor invasion]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:515-524. [PMID: 38986096 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2024080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Invadosome is an umbrella term used to describe a family of cellular structures including podosomes and invadopodia. They serve as contact zones between the cell plasma membrane and extracellular matrix, contributing to matrix remodeling by locally enriched proteolytic enzymes. Invadosomes, which are actin-dependent, are implicated in cellular processes promoting adhesion, migration, and invasion. Invadosomes, which exist in various cell types, play crucial roles in physiological phenomena such as vascularization and bone resorption. Invadosomes are also implicated in pathological processes such as matrix tissue remodeling during metastatic tumor cell invasion. This review summarizes basic information and recent advances about mechanisms underlying podosome and invadopodia formation, their organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gamblin
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France - Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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3
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Carrara SC, Davila-Lezama A, Cabriel C, Berenschot EJ, Krol S, Gardeniers J, Izeddin I, Kolmar H, Susarrey-Arce A. 3D topographies promote macrophage M2d-Subset differentiation. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100897. [PMID: 38169974 PMCID: PMC10758855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro cellular models denote a crucial part of drug discovery programs as they aid in identifying successful drug candidates based on their initial efficacy and potency. While tremendous headway has been achieved in improving 2D and 3D culture techniques, there is still a need for physiologically relevant systems that can mimic or alter cellular responses without the addition of external biochemical stimuli. A way forward to alter cellular responses is using physical cues, like 3D topographical inorganic substrates, to differentiate macrophage-like cells. Herein, protein secretion and gene expression markers for various macrophage subsets cultivated on a 3D topographical substrate are investigated. The results show that macrophages differentiate into anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages, secreting increased IL-10 levels compared to the controls. Remarkably, these macrophage cells are differentiated into the M2d subset, making up the main component of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), as measured by upregulated Il-10 and Vegf mRNA. M2d subset differentiation is attributed to the topographical substrates with 3D fractal-like geometries arrayed over the surface, else primarily achieved by tumour-associated factors in vivo. From a broad perspective, this work paves the way for implementing 3D topographical inorganic surfaces for drug discovery programs, harnessing the advantages of in vitro assays without external stimulation and allowing the rapid characterisation of therapeutic modalities in physiologically relevant environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania C. Carrara
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Amanda Davila-Lezama
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FACISALUD), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario 1000, Valle de las Palmas, 22260 Tijuana, Mexico
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Clément Cabriel
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Erwin J.W. Berenschot
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Silke Krol
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Encytos B.V., Piet Heinstraat 12, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - J.G.E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Izeddin
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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4
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Hu Y, Li H, Wang W, Sun F, Wu C, Chen W, Liu Z. Molecular Force Imaging Reveals That Integrin-Dependent Mechanical Checkpoint Regulates Fcγ-Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in Macrophages. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37289965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a type of immune cell that helps eliminate pathogens and diseased cells. Recent research has shown that macrophages can sense mechanical cues from potential targets to perform effective phagocytosis, but the mechanisms behind it remain unclear. In this study, we used DNA-based tension probes to study the role of integrin-mediated forces in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. The results showed that when the phagocytic receptor FcγR is activated, the force-bearing integrins create a "mechanical barrier" that physically excludes the phosphatase CD45 and facilitates phagocytosis. However, if the integrin-mediated forces are physically restricted at lower levels or if the macrophage is on a soft matrix, CD45 exclusion is significantly reduced. Moreover, CD47-SIRPα "don't eat me" signaling can reduce CD45 segregation by inhibiting the mechanical stability of the integrin barrier. These findings demonstrate how macrophages use molecular forces to identify physical properties and combine them with biochemical signals from phagocytic receptors to guide phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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5
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Gong Z, van den Dries K, Migueles-Ramírez RA, Wiseman PW, Cambi A, Shenoy VB. Chemo-mechanical diffusion waves explain collective dynamics of immune cell podosomes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2902. [PMID: 37217555 PMCID: PMC10202956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, can utilize podosomes, mechanosensitive actin-rich protrusions, to generate forces, migrate, and patrol for foreign antigens. Individual podosomes probe their microenvironment through periodic protrusion and retraction cycles (height oscillations), while oscillations of multiple podosomes in a cluster are coordinated in a wave-like fashion. However, the mechanisms governing both the individual oscillations and the collective wave-like dynamics remain unclear. Here, by integrating actin polymerization, myosin contractility, actin diffusion, and mechanosensitive signaling, we develop a chemo-mechanical model for podosome dynamics in clusters. Our model reveals that podosomes show oscillatory growth when actin polymerization-driven protrusion and signaling-associated myosin contraction occur at similar rates, while the diffusion of actin monomers drives wave-like coordination of podosome oscillations. Our theoretical predictions are validated by different pharmacological treatments and the impact of microenvironment stiffness on chemo-mechanical waves. Our proposed framework can shed light on the role of podosomes in immune cell mechanosensing within the context of wound healing and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Gong
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo A Migueles-Ramírez
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 3R1, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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6
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Mascarau R, Woottum M, Fromont L, Gence R, Cantaloube-Ferrieu V, Vahlas Z, Lévêque K, Bertrand F, Beunon T, Métais A, El Costa H, Jabrane-Ferrat N, Gallois Y, Guibert N, Davignon JL, Favre G, Maridonneau-Parini I, Poincloux R, Lagane B, Bénichou S, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. Productive HIV-1 infection of tissue macrophages by fusion with infected CD4+ T cells. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213978. [PMID: 36988579 PMCID: PMC10067447 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for HIV-1 pathogenesis and represent major viral reservoirs. Therefore, it is critical to understand macrophage infection, especially in tissue macrophages, which are widely infected in vivo, but poorly permissive to cell-free infection. Although cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 is a determinant mode of macrophage infection in vivo, how HIV-1 transfers toward macrophages remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that fusion of infected CD4+ T lymphocytes with human macrophages leads to their efficient and productive infection. Importantly, several tissue macrophage populations undergo this heterotypic cell fusion, including synovial, placental, lung alveolar, and tonsil macrophages. We also find that this mode of infection is modulated by the macrophage polarization state. This fusion process engages a specific short-lived adhesion structure and is controlled by the CD81 tetraspanin, which activates RhoA/ROCK-dependent actomyosin contractility in macrophages. Our study provides important insights into the mechanisms underlying infection of tissue-resident macrophages, and establishment of persistent cellular reservoirs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Woottum
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université de Paris , Paris, France
| | - Léa Fromont
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Gence
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037 and Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopôle , Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Cantaloube-Ferrieu
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Université Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm , Toulouse, France
| | - Zoï Vahlas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Lévêque
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Florent Bertrand
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Beunon
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Métais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
| | - Hicham El Costa
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Université Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm , Toulouse, France
| | - Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Université Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm , Toulouse, France
| | - Yohan Gallois
- ENT, Otoneurology and Pediatric ENT Department, University Hospital of Toulouse , Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Guibert
- Thoracic Endoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Larrey University Hospital , Toulouse, France
| | | | - Gilles Favre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037 and Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopôle , Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Lagane
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Université Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm , Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Bénichou
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université de Paris , Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS) , Toulouse, France
- International Research Project " MAC-TB/HIV " , Toulouse, France
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7
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Nunes Vicente F, Chen T, Rossier O, Giannone G. Novel imaging methods and force probes for molecular mechanobiology of cytoskeleton and adhesion. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:204-220. [PMID: 36055943 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Detection and conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical signals is known as mechanotransduction. From cells to tissues, mechanotransduction regulates migration, proliferation, and differentiation in processes such as immune responses, development, and cancer progression. Mechanosensitive structures such as integrin adhesions, the actin cortex, ion channels, caveolae, and the nucleus sense and transmit forces. In vitro approaches showed that mechanosensing is based on force-dependent protein deformations and reorganizations. However, the mechanisms in cells remained unclear since cell imaging techniques lacked molecular resolution. Thanks to recent developments in super-resolution microscopy (SRM) and molecular force sensors, it is possible to obtain molecular insight of mechanosensing in live cells. We discuss how understanding of molecular mechanotransduction was revolutionized by these innovative approaches, focusing on integrin adhesions, actin structures, and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Nunes Vicente
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tianchi Chen
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Rossier
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Grégory Giannone
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
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8
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Chen ZH, Wu JJ, Guo DY, Li YY, Chen MN, Zhang ZY, Yuan ZD, Zhang KW, Chen WW, Tian F, Ye JX, Li X, Yuan FL. Physiological functions of podosomes: From structure and function to therapy implications in osteoclast biology of bone resorption. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101842. [PMID: 36621647 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With increasing age, bone tissue undergoes significant alterations in composition, architecture, and metabolic functions, probably causing senile osteoporosis. Osteoporosis possess the vast majority of bone disease and associates with a reduction in bone mass and increased fracture risk. Bone loss is on account of the disorder in osteoblast-induced bone formation and osteoclast-induced bone resorption. As a unique bone resorptive cell type, mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts exhibit dynamic actin-based cytoskeletal structures called podosomes that participate in cell-matrix adhesions specialized in the degradation of mineralized bone matrix. Podosomes share many of the same molecular constitutions as focal adhesions, but they have a unique structural organization, with a central core abundant in F-actin and encircled by scaffolding proteins, kinases and integrins. Here, we conclude recent advancements in our knowledge of the architecture and the functions of podosomes. We also discuss the regulatory pathways in osteoclast podosomes, providing a reference for future research on the podosomes of osteoclasts and considering podosomes as a therapeutic target for inhibiting bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Chen
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan-Yang Guo
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Yue Li
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Nan Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Wen Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Tian
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Xing Ye
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Kanchanawong P, Calderwood DA. Organization, dynamics and mechanoregulation of integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:142-161. [PMID: 36168065 PMCID: PMC9892292 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of animal cells to sense, adhere to and remodel their local extracellular matrix (ECM) is central to control of cell shape, mechanical responsiveness, motility and signalling, and hence to development, tissue formation, wound healing and the immune response. Cell-ECM interactions occur at various specialized, multi-protein adhesion complexes that serve to physically link the ECM to the cytoskeleton and the intracellular signalling apparatus. This occurs predominantly via clustered transmembrane receptors of the integrin family. Here we review how the interplay of mechanical forces, biochemical signalling and molecular self-organization determines the composition, organization, mechanosensitivity and dynamics of these adhesions. Progress in the identification of core multi-protein modules within the adhesions and characterization of rearrangements of their components in response to force, together with advanced imaging approaches, has improved understanding of adhesion maturation and turnover and the relationships between adhesion structures and functions. Perturbations of adhesion contribute to a broad range of diseases and to age-related dysfunction, thus an improved understanding of their molecular nature may facilitate therapeutic intervention in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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10
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Kalashnikov N, Moraes C. Engineering physical microenvironments to study innate immune cell biophysics. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:031504. [PMID: 36156981 PMCID: PMC9492295 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity forms the core of the human body's defense system against infection, injury, and foreign objects. It aims to maintain homeostasis by promoting inflammation and then initiating tissue repair, but it can also lead to disease when dysregulated. Although innate immune cells respond to their physical microenvironment and carry out intrinsically mechanical actions such as migration and phagocytosis, we still do not have a complete biophysical description of innate immunity. Here, we review how engineering tools can be used to study innate immune cell biophysics. We first provide an overview of innate immunity from a biophysical perspective, review the biophysical factors that affect the innate immune system, and then explore innate immune cell biophysics in the context of migration, phagocytosis, and phenotype polarization. Throughout the review, we highlight how physical microenvironments can be designed to probe the innate immune system, discuss how biophysical insight gained from these studies can be used to generate a more comprehensive description of innate immunity, and briefly comment on how this insight could be used to develop mechanical immune biomarkers and immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kalashnikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
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11
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Elasticity of podosome actin networks produces nanonewton protrusive forces. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3842. [PMID: 35789161 PMCID: PMC9253342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filaments assemble into force-generating systems involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell motility, adhesion, contractility and division. It remains unclear how networks of actin filaments, which individually generate piconewton forces, can produce forces reaching tens of nanonewtons. Here we use in situ cryo-electron tomography to unveil how the nanoscale architecture of macrophage podosomes enables basal membrane protrusion. We show that the sum of the actin polymerization forces at the membrane is not sufficient to explain podosome protrusive forces. Quantitative analysis of podosome organization demonstrates that the core is composed of a dense network of bent actin filaments storing elastic energy. Theoretical modelling of the network as a spring-loaded elastic material reveals that it exerts forces of a few tens of nanonewtons, in a range similar to that evaluated experimentally. Thus, taking into account not only the interface with the membrane but also the bulk of the network, is crucial to understand force generation by actin machineries. Our integrative approach sheds light on the elastic behavior of dense actin networks and opens new avenues to understand force production inside cells. Actin filaments generate force in diverse contexts, although how they can produce nanonewtons of force is unclear. Here, the authors apply cryo-electron tomography, quantitative analysis, and modelling to reveal the podosome core is a dense, spring-loaded, actin network storing elastic energy.
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12
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Portes M, Mangeat T, Escallier N, Dufrancais O, Raynaud-Messina B, Thibault C, Maridonneau-Parini I, Vérollet C, Poincloux R. Nanoscale architecture and coordination of actin cores within the sealing zone of human osteoclasts. eLife 2022; 11:75610. [PMID: 35727134 PMCID: PMC9255968 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are unique in their capacity to degrade bone tissue. To achieve this process, osteoclasts form a specific structure called the sealing zone, which creates a close contact with bone and confines the release of protons and hydrolases for bone degradation. The sealing zone is composed of actin structures called podosomes nested in a dense actin network. The organization of these actin structures inside the sealing zone at the nano scale is still unknown. Here, we combine cutting-edge microscopy methods to reveal the nanoscale architecture and dynamics of the sealing zone formed by human osteoclasts on bone surface. Random illumination microscopy allowed the identification and live imaging of densely packed actin cores within the sealing zone. A cross-correlation analysis of the fluctuations of actin content at these cores indicates that they are locally synchronized. Further examination shows that the sealing zone is composed of groups of synchronized cores linked by a-actinin1 positive filaments, and encircled by adhesion complexes. Thus, we propose that the confinement of bone degradation mediators is achieved through the coordination of islets of actin cores and not by the global coordination of all podosomal subunits forming the sealing zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Portes
- Institute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mangeat
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Natacha Escallier
- Institute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ophélie Dufrancais
- Institute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Thibault
- Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architectures des systèmes (LAAS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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13
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Schürmann H, Abbasi F, Russo A, Hofemeier AD, Brandt M, Roth J, Vogl T, Betz T. Analysis of monocyte cell tractions in 2.5D reveals mesoscale mechanics of podosomes during substrate-indenting cell protrusion. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275542. [PMID: 35621127 PMCID: PMC9189428 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are mechanosensitive protrusive actin structures that are prominent in myeloid cells, and they have been linked to vascular extravasation. Recent studies have suggested that podosomes are hierarchically organized and have coordinated dynamics on the cell scale, which implies that the local force generation by single podosomes can be different from their global combined action. Complementary to previous studies focusing on individual podosomes, here we investigated the cell-wide force generation of podosome-bearing ER-Hoxb8 monocytes. We found that the occurrence of focal tractions accompanied by a cell-wide substrate indentation cannot be explained by summing the forces of single podosomes. Instead, our findings suggest that superimposed contraction on the cell scale gives rise to a buckling mechanism that can explain the measured cell-scale indentation. Specifically, the actomyosin network contraction causes peripheral in-plane substrate tractions, while the accumulated internal stress results in out-of-plane deformation in the central cell region via a buckling instability, producing the cell-scale indentation. Hence, we propose that contraction of the actomyosin network, which connects the podosomes, leads to a substrate indentation that acts in addition to the protrusion forces of individual podosomes. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Using a buckling model, we extend the current description of local podosome protrusion and include a mechanical explanation for protrusion on the cell scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schürmann
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Abbasi
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Third Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonella Russo
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 21, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arne D Hofemeier
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Third Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Brandt
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Third Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 21, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 21, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Third Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Swiatlowska P, Sit B, Feng Z, Marhuenda E, Xanthis I, Zingaro S, Ward M, Zhou X, Xiao Q, Shanahan C, Jones GE, Yu CH, Iskratsch T. Pressure and stiffness sensing together regulate vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3471. [PMID: 35427166 PMCID: PMC9012473 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a central role in the progression of atherosclerosis, where they switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. Because of their role as risk factors for atherosclerosis, we sought here to systematically study the impact of matrix stiffness and (hemodynamic) pressure on VSMCs. Thereby, we find that pressure and stiffness individually affect the VSMC phenotype. However, only the combination of hypertensive pressure and matrix compliance, and as such mechanical stimuli that are prevalent during atherosclerosis, leads to a full phenotypic switch including the formation of matrix-degrading podosomes. We further analyze the molecular mechanism in stiffness and pressure sensing and identify a regulation through different but overlapping pathways culminating in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton through cofilin. Together, our data show how different pathological mechanical signals combined but through distinct pathways accelerate a phenotypic switch that will ultimately contribute to atherosclerotic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Swiatlowska
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Brian Sit
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Xanthis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simona Zingaro
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Ward
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth E. Jones
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cheng-han Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
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15
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Weber K, Hey S, Cervero P, Linder S. The circle of life: Phases of podosome formation, turnover and reemergence. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151218. [PMID: 35334303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are highly dynamic actin-rich structures in a variety of cell types, especially monocytic cells. They fulfill multiple functions such as adhesion, mechanosensing, or extracellular matrix degradation, thus allowing cells to detect and respond to a changing environment. These abilities are based on an intricate architecture that enables podosomes to sense mechanical properties of their substratum and to transduce them intracellularly in order to generate an appropriate cellular response. These processes are enabled through the tightly orchestrated interplay of more than 300 different components that are dynamically recruited during podosome formation and turnover. In this review, we discuss the different phases of the podosome life cycle and the current knowledge on regulatory factors that impact on the genesis, activity, dissolution and reemergence of podosomes. We also highlight mechanoregulatory processes that become important during these different stages, on the level of individual podosomes, and also at podosome sub- and superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hey
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pasquale Cervero
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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16
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Pal K, Tu Y, Wang X. Single-Molecule Force Imaging Reveals That Podosome Formation Requires No Extracellular Integrin-Ligand Tensions or Interactions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2481-2493. [PMID: 35073043 PMCID: PMC9129048 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Podosomes are integrin-mediated cell adhesion units involved in many cellular and physiological processes. Integrins likely transmit tensions critical for podosome functions, but such force remains poorly characterized. DNA-based tension sensors are powerful in visualizing integrin tensions but subject to degradation by podosomes which ubiquitously recruit DNase. Here, using a DNase-resistant tension sensor based on a DNA/PNA (peptide nucleic acid) duplex, we imaged podosomal integrin tensions (PIT) in the adhesion rings of podosomes on solid substrates with single molecular tension sensitivity. PIT was shown to be generated by both actomyosin contractility and actin polymerization in podosomes. Importantly, by monitoring PIT and podosome structure in parallel, we showed that extracellular integrin-ligand tensions, despite being critical for the formation of focal adhesions, are dispensable for podosome formation, as PIT reduction or elimination has an insignificant impact on structure formation and FAK (focal adhesion kinase) phosphorylation in podosomes. We further verified that even integrin-ligand interaction is dispensable for podosome formation, as macrophages form podosomes normally on passivated surfaces that block integrin-ligand interaction but support macrophage adhesion through electrostatic adsorption or Fc receptor-immunoglobin G interaction. In contrast, focal adhesions are unable to form on these passivated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Pal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology interdepartmental program, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. Xuefeng Wang, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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17
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Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010146. [PMID: 35008569 PMCID: PMC8745566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which affect tissue integrity, immune cell recruitment, and tissue turnover by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components and by releasing matrikines, cell surface-bound cytokines, growth factors, or their receptors. Among the MMPs, MMP-14 is the driving force behind extracellular matrix and tissue destruction during cancer invasion and metastasis. MMP-14 also influences both intercellular as well as cell-matrix communication by regulating the activity of many plasma membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins. Cancer cells and other cells of the tumor stroma, embedded in a common extracellular matrix, interact with their matrix by means of various adhesive structures, of which particularly invadopodia are capable to remodel the matrix through spatially and temporally finely tuned proteolysis. As a deeper understanding of the underlying functional mechanisms is beneficial for the development of new prognostic and predictive markers and for targeted therapies, this review examined the current knowledge of the interplay of the various MMPs in the cancer context on the protein, subcellular, and cellular level with a focus on MMP14.
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18
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Vorselen D, Barger SR, Wang Y, Cai W, Theriot JA, Gauthier NC, Krendel M. Phagocytic 'teeth' and myosin-II 'jaw' power target constriction during phagocytosis. eLife 2021; 10:e68627. [PMID: 34708690 PMCID: PMC8585483 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis requires rapid actin reorganization and spatially controlled force generation to ingest targets ranging from pathogens to apoptotic cells. How actomyosin activity directs membrane extensions to engulf such diverse targets remains unclear. Here, we combine lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) with microparticle traction force microscopy (MP-TFM) to quantify actin dynamics and subcellular forces during macrophage phagocytosis. We show that spatially localized forces leading to target constriction are prominent during phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. This constriction is largely driven by Arp2/3-mediated assembly of discrete actin protrusions containing myosin 1e and 1f ('teeth') that appear to be interconnected in a ring-like organization. Contractile myosin-II activity contributes to late-stage phagocytic force generation and progression, supporting a specific role in phagocytic cup closure. Observations of partial target eating attempts and sudden target release via a popping mechanism suggest that constriction may be critical for resolving complex in vivo target encounters. Overall, our findings present a phagocytic cup shaping mechanism that is distinct from cytoskeletal remodeling in 2D cell motility and may contribute to mechanosensing and phagocytic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Vorselen
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sarah R Barger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
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19
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Wang Q, Duan M, Liao J, Xie J, Zhou C. Are Osteoclasts Mechanosensitive Cells? J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1917-1938. [PMID: 34706793 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeleton metabolism is a process in which osteoclasts constantly remove old bone and osteoblasts form new osteoid and induce mineralization; disruption of this balance may cause diseases. Osteoclasts play a key role in bone metabolism, as osteoclastogenesis marks the beginning of each bone remodeling cycle. As the only cell capable of bone resorption, osteoclasts are derived from the monocyte/macrophage hematopoietic precursors that terminally adhere to mineralized extracellular matrix, and they subsequently break down the extracellular compartment. Bone is generally considered the load-burdening tissue, bone homeostasis is critically affected by mechanical conductions, and the bone cells are mechanosensitive. The functions of various bone cells under mechanical forces such as chondrocytes and osteoblasts have been reported; however, the unique bone-resorbing osteoclasts are less studied. The oversuppression of osteoclasts in mechanical studies may be because of its complicated differentiation progress and flexible structure, which increases difficulty in targeting mechanical structures. This paper will focus on recent findings regarding osteoclasts and attempt to uncover proposed candidate mechanosensing structures in osteoclasts including podosome-associated complexes, gap junctions and transient receptor potential family (ion channels). We will additionally describe possible mechanotransduction signaling pathways including GTPase ras homologue family member A (RhoA), Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), Ca2+ signaling and non-canonical Wnt signaling. According to numerous studies, evaluating the possible influence of various physical environments on osteoclastogenesis is conducive to the study of bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jingfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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20
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Lin SS, Su YA, Chuang MC, Liu YW. Probing invadosomes: technologies for the analysis of invadosomes. FEBS J 2021; 289:5850-5863. [PMID: 34196119 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Invadosomes are protrusive and mechanosensitive actin devices critical for cell migration, invasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The dynamic, proteolytic, and protrusive natures of invadosomes have made these structures fascinating and attracted many scientists to develop new technologies for their analysis. With these exciting methodologies, many biochemical and biophysical properties of invadosomes have been well characterized and appreciated, and those discoveries elegantly explained the biological and pathological effects of invadosomes in human health and diseases. In this review, we focus on these commonly used or newly developed methods for invadosome analysis and effort to reason some discrepancies among those assays. Finally, we explore the opposite regulatory mechanisms among invadosomes and focal adhesions, another actin-rich adhesive structures, and speculate a potential rule for their switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-An Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Orré T, Joly A, Karatas Z, Kastberger B, Cabriel C, Böttcher RT, Lévêque-Fort S, Sibarita JB, Fässler R, Wehrle-Haller B, Rossier O, Giannone G. Molecular motion and tridimensional nanoscale localization of kindlin control integrin activation in focal adhesions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3104. [PMID: 34035280 PMCID: PMC8149821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) initiate chemical and mechanical signals involved in cell polarity, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that FAs are organized at the nanoscale into functional layers from the lower plasma membrane to the upper actin cytoskeleton. Yet, how FAs proteins are guided into specific nano-layers to promote interaction with given targets is unknown. Using single protein tracking, super-resolution microscopy and functional assays, we link the molecular behavior and 3D nanoscale localization of kindlin with its function in integrin activation inside FAs. We show that immobilization of integrins in FAs depends on interaction with kindlin. Unlike talin, kindlin displays free diffusion along the plasma membrane outside and inside FAs. We demonstrate that the kindlin Pleckstrin Homology domain promotes membrane diffusion and localization to the membrane-proximal integrin nano-layer, necessary for kindlin enrichment and function in FAs. Using kindlin-deficient cells, we show that kindlin membrane localization and diffusion are crucial for integrin activation, cell spreading and FAs formation. Thus, kindlin uses a different route than talin to reach and activate integrins, providing a possible molecular basis for their complementarity during integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Orré
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrien Joly
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zeynep Karatas
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | - Birgit Kastberger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Clément Cabriel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS UMR8214, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, Cedex, France
| | | | - Sandrine Lévêque-Fort
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS UMR8214, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sibarita
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rossier
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Grégory Giannone
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR, Bordeaux, France.
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22
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Mangeat T, Labouesse S, Allain M, Negash A, Martin E, Guénolé A, Poincloux R, Estibal C, Bouissou A, Cantaloube S, Vega E, Li T, Rouvière C, Allart S, Keller D, Debarnot V, Wang XB, Michaux G, Pinot M, Le Borgne R, Tournier S, Suzanne M, Idier J, Sentenac A. Super-resolved live-cell imaging using random illumination microscopy. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100009. [PMID: 35474693 PMCID: PMC9017237 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current super-resolution microscopy (SRM) methods suffer from an intrinsic complexity that might curtail their routine use in cell biology. We describe here random illumination microscopy (RIM) for live-cell imaging at super-resolutions matching that of 3D structured illumination microscopy, in a robust fashion. Based on speckled illumination and statistical image reconstruction, easy to implement and user-friendly, RIM is unaffected by optical aberrations on the excitation side, linear to brightness, and compatible with multicolor live-cell imaging over extended periods of time. We illustrate the potential of RIM on diverse biological applications, from the mobility of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in U2OS cells and kinetochore dynamics in mitotic S. pombe cells to the 3D motion of myosin minifilaments deep inside Drosophila tissues. RIM's inherent simplicity and extended biological applicability, particularly for imaging at increased depths, could help make SRM accessible to biology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mangeat
- LITC Core Facility, Centre de Biologie Integrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Labouesse
- Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Allain
- Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Awoke Negash
- Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Martin
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology (MCD), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aude Guénolé
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology (MCD), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Estibal
- LITC Core Facility, Centre de Biologie Integrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Bouissou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Cantaloube
- LITC Core Facility, Centre de Biologie Integrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Vega
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Tong Li
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology (MCD), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Rouvière
- LITC Core Facility, Centre de Biologie Integrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- INSERM Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Debora Keller
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology (MCD), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valentin Debarnot
- LITC Core Facility, Centre de Biologie Integrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Xia Bo Wang
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology (MCD), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) - UMR 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Pinot
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) - UMR 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Roland Le Borgne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) - UMR 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Tournier
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology (MCD), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Suzanne
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology (MCD), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérome Idier
- LS2N, CNRS UMR 6004, 1 rue de la Noë, F44321 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Anne Sentenac
- Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
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23
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Mishra YG, Manavathi B. Focal adhesion dynamics in cellular function and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110046. [PMID: 34004332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acting as a bridge between the cytoskeleton of the cell and the extra cellular matrix (ECM), the cell-ECM adhesions with integrins at their core, play a major role in cell signalling to direct mechanotransduction, cell migration, cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, growth and repair. Biochemically, these adhesions are composed of diverse, yet an organised group of structural proteins, receptors, adaptors, various enzymes including protein kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, proteases, etc. as well as scaffolding molecules. The major integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) characterised are focal adhesions (FAs), invadosomes (podosomes and invadopodia), hemidesmosomes (HDs) and reticular adhesions (RAs). The varied composition and regulation of the IACs and their signalling, apart from being an integral part of normal cell survival, has been shown to be of paramount importance in various developmental and pathological processes. This review per-illustrates the recent advancements in the research of IACs, their crucial roles in normal as well as diseased states. We have also touched on few of the various methods that have been developed over the years to visualise IACs, measure the forces they exert and study their signalling and molecular composition. Having such pertinent roles in the context of various pathologies, these IACs need to be understood and studied to develop therapeutical targets. We have given an update to the studies done in recent years and described various techniques which have been applied to study these structures, thereby, providing context in furthering research with respect to IAC targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaswi Gayatri Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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24
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Advanced in silico validation framework for three-dimensional traction force microscopy and application to an in vitro model of sprouting angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:326-338. [PMID: 33737201 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, cellular forces in three-dimensional hydrogels that mimic the extracellular matrix have been calculated by means of Traction Force Microscopy (TFM). However, characterizing the accuracy limits of a traction recovery method is critical to avoid obscuring physiological information due to traction recovery errors. So far, 3D TFM algorithms have only been validated using simplified cell geometries, bypassing image processing steps or arbitrarily simulating focal adhesions. Moreover, it is still uncertain which of the two common traction recovery methods, i.e., forward and inverse, is more robust against the inherent challenges of 3D TFM. In this work, we established an advanced in silico validation framework that is applicable to any 3D TFM experimental setup and that can be used to correctly couple the experimental and computational aspects of 3D TFM. Advancements relate to the simultaneous incorporation of complex cell geometries, simulation of microscopy images of varying bead densities and different focal adhesion sizes and distributions. By measuring the traction recovery error with respect to ground truth solutions, we found that while highest traction recovery errors occur for cases with sparse and small focal adhesions, our implementation of the inverse method improves two-fold the accuracy with respect to the forward method (average error of 23% vs. 50%). This advantage was further supported by recovering cellular tractions around angiogenic sprouts in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. The inverse method recovered higher traction peaks and a clearer pulling pattern at the sprout protrusion tips than the forward method. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterial performance is often studied by quantifying cell-matrix mechanical interactions by means of Traction Force Microscopy (TFM). However, 3D TFM algorithms are often validated in simplified scenarios, which do not allow to fully assess errors that could obscure physiological information. Here, we established an advanced in silico validation framework that mimics real TFM experimental conditions and that characterizes the expected errors of a 3D TFM workflow. We apply this framework to demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of a novel inverse traction recovery method that is illustrated in the context of an in vitro model of sprouting angiogenesis. Together, our study shows the importance of a proper traction recovery method to minimise errors and the need for an advanced framework to assess those errors.
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25
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Abstract
One of the strategies used by cells to degrade and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) is based on invadosomes, actin-based force-producing cell–ECM contacts that function in adhesion and migration and are characterized by their capacity to mediate pericellular proteolysis of ECM components. Invadosomes found in normal cells are called podosomes, whereas invadosomes of invading cancer cells are named invadopodia. Despite their broad involvement in cell migration and in protease-dependent ECM remodeling and their detection in living organisms and in fresh tumor tissue specimens, the specific composition and dynamic behavior of podosomes and invadopodia and their functional relevance in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss recent findings that underline commonalities and peculiarities of podosome and invadopodia in terms of organization and function and propose an updated definition of these cellular protrusions, which are increasingly relevant in patho-physiological tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Tertrais M, Bigot C, Martin E, Poincloux R, Labrousse A, Maridonneau-Parini I. Phagocytosis is coupled to the formation of phagosome-associated podosomes and a transient disruption of podosomes in human macrophages. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151161. [PMID: 33836409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis consists in ingestion and digestion of large particles, a process strictly dependent on actin re-organization. Using synchronized phagocytosis of IgG-coated latex beads (IgG-LB), zymosan or serum opsonized-zymosan, we report the formation of actin structures on both phagocytic cups and closed phagosomes in human macrophages. Their lifespan, size, protein composition and organization are similar to podosomes. Thus, we called these actin structures phagosome-associated podosomes (PAPs). Concomitantly to the formation of PAPs, a transient disruption of podosomes occurred at the ventral face of macrophages. Similarly to podosomes, which are targeted by vesicles containing proteases, the presence of PAPs correlated with the maturation of phagosomes into phagolysosomes. The ingestion of LB without IgG did not trigger PAPs formation, did not lead to podosome disruption and maturation to phagolysosomes, suggesting that these events are linked together. Although similar to podosomes, we found that PAPs differed by being resistant to the Arp2/3 inhibitor CK666. Thus, we describe a podosome subtype which forms on phagosomes where it probably serves several tasks of this multifunctional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Tertrais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Bigot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Martin
- MCD, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Labrousse
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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27
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Schwartz AB, Campos OA, Criado-Hidalgo E, Chien S, del Álamo JC, Lasheras JC, Yeh YT. Elucidating the Biomechanics of Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration by Quantitative Imaging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635263. [PMID: 33855018 PMCID: PMC8039384 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte transendothelial migration is crucial for innate immunity and inflammation. Upon tissue damage or infection, leukocytes exit blood vessels by adhering to and probing vascular endothelial cells (VECs), breaching endothelial cell-cell junctions, and transmigrating across the endothelium. Transendothelial migration is a critical rate-limiting step in this process. Thus, leukocytes must quickly identify the most efficient route through VEC monolayers to facilitate a prompt innate immune response. Biomechanics play a decisive role in transendothelial migration, which involves intimate physical contact and force transmission between the leukocytes and the VECs. While quantifying these forces is still challenging, recent advances in imaging, microfabrication, and computation now make it possible to study how cellular forces regulate VEC monolayer integrity, enable efficient pathfinding, and drive leukocyte transmigration. Here we review these recent advances, paying particular attention to leukocyte adhesion to the VEC monolayer, leukocyte probing of endothelial barrier gaps, and transmigration itself. To offer a practical perspective, we will discuss the current views on how biomechanics govern these processes and the force microscopy technologies that have enabled their quantitative analysis, thus contributing to an improved understanding of leukocyte migration in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B. Schwartz
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Obed A. Campos
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ernesto Criado-Hidalgo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Juan C. del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Juan C. Lasheras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yi-Ting Yeh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The discovery of podosomes in endothelial cells during the process of angiogenesis in vivo opens a new era in vascular biology. Podosomes are actin-based microdomains located at the plasma membrane that have been extensively described but in vitro and in other cells. This review focuses on podosomes in endothelial cells and aims to rise hypotheses about when and how these structures mediate cell--microenvironment interactions. RECENT FINDINGS A wealth of new information regarding podosome organization and functioning has been collected in simple 2D models. Characterization of their modular architecture has unravelled their mechanics. However, context matters and podosome characteristics and functioning are shaped by the microenvironment. Although matrix degradation was seen as the typical function of podosomes, mechanosensing now appears equally prominent and involved in setting of the proteolytic machinery. Endothelial podosomes breach the basement membrane, and are thus, involved in vascular remodelling. SUMMARY In endothelial cells, podosomes are involved in breaking up the basement membrane, giving the cells the opportunity to invade adjacent tissues and to engage in new cell--cell interactions. Such functions are particularly relevant to vascular biology and the exploration of podosomes in in vivo settings should bring clues to many unanswered questions.
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29
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Revach OY, Grosheva I, Geiger B. Biomechanical regulation of focal adhesion and invadopodia formation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/20/jcs244848. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Integrin adhesions are a structurally and functionally diverse family of transmembrane, multi-protein complexes that link the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The different members of this family, including focal adhesions (FAs), focal complexes, fibrillar adhesions, podosomes and invadopodia, contain many shared scaffolding and signaling ‘adhesome’ components, as well as distinct molecules that perform specific functions, unique to each adhesion form. In this Hypothesis, we address the pivotal roles of mechanical forces, generated by local actin polymerization or actomyosin-based contractility, in the formation, maturation and functionality of two members of the integrin adhesions family, namely FAs and invadopodia, which display distinct structures and functional properties. FAs are robust and stable ECM contacts, associated with contractile stress fibers, while invadopodia are invasive adhesions that degrade the underlying matrix and penetrate into it. We discuss here the mechanisms, whereby these two types of adhesion utilize a similar molecular machinery to drive very different – often opposing cellular activities, and hypothesize that early stages of FAs and invadopodia assembly use similar biomechanical principles, whereas maturation of the two structures, and their ‘adhesive’ and ‘invasive’ functionalities require distinct sources of biomechanical reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or-Yam Revach
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Inna Grosheva
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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30
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Zuidema A, Wang W, Sonnenberg A. Crosstalk between Cell Adhesion Complexes in Regulation of Mechanotransduction. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000119. [PMID: 32830356 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces regulate numerous biological processes during development, physiology, and pathology. Forces between the external environment and intracellular actin cytoskeleton are primarily transmitted through integrin-containing focal adhesions and cadherin-containing adherens junctions. Crosstalk between these complexes is well established and modulates the mechanical landscape of the cell. However, integrins and cadherins constitute large families of adhesion receptors and form multiple complexes by interacting with different ligands, adaptor proteins, and cytoskeletal filaments. Recent findings indicate that integrin-containing hemidesmosomes oppose force transduction and traction force generation by focal adhesions. The cytolinker plectin mediates this crosstalk by coupling intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton. Similarly, cadherins in desmosomes might modulate force generation by adherens junctions. Moreover, mechanotransduction can be influenced by podosomes, clathrin lattices, and tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. This review discusses mechanotransduction by multiple integrin- and cadherin-based cell adhesion complexes, which together with the associated cytoskeleton form an integrated network that allows cells to sense, process, and respond to their physical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Zuidema
- Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology I, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
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31
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Hirvonen LM, Marsh RJ, Jones GE, Cox S. Combined AFM and super-resolution localisation microscopy: Investigating the structure and dynamics of podosomes. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151106. [PMID: 33070038 PMCID: PMC7768945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are mechanosensitive attachment/invasion structures that form on the matrix-adhesion interface of cells and protrude into the extracellular matrix to probe and remodel. Despite their central role in many cellular processes, their exact molecular structure and function remain only partially understood. We review recent progress in molecular scale imaging of podosome architecture, including our newly developed localisation microscopy technique termed HAWK which enables artefact-free live-cell super-resolution microscopy of podosome ring proteins, and report new results on combining fluorescence localisation microscopy (STORM/PALM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on one setup, where localisation microscopy provides the location and dynamics of fluorescently labelled podosome components, while the spatial variation of stiffness is mapped with AFM. For two-colour localisation microscopy we combine iFluor-647, which has previously been shown to eliminate the need to change buffer between imaging modes, with the photoswitchable protein mEOS3.2, which also enables live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M Hirvonen
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Richard J Marsh
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gareth E Jones
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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32
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Chen K, Geng H, Liang W, Liang H, Wang Y, Kong J, Zhang J, Liang Y, Chen Z, Li J, Chang YN, Li J, Xing G, Xing G. Modulated podosome patterning in osteoclasts by fullerenol nanoparticles disturbs the bone resorption for osteoporosis treatment. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9359-9365. [PMID: 32315013 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01625j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Overactivation and excessive differentiation of osteoclasts (OCs) has been implicated in the course of bone metabolism-related diseases. Although fullerenol nanoparticles (fNPs) have been suggested to inhibit OC differentiation and OC function in our previous work, systemic studies on the effect of fNPs on bone diseases, e.g., osteoporosis (OP), in vivo remain elusive. Herein, it is demonstrated that fNPs significantly suppress the differentiation of OCs that derived from the murine bone marrow monocytes and inhibit the formation of the sealing zone by blocking the formation and patterning of podosomes in OCs spatiotemporally. In vivo, fNPs are supposed to be an efficient inhibitor of the overactivation of OCs in a LPS-induced bone erosion mouse model. The therapeutic effect of fNPs on osteoporosis is also investigated in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rat model. The well-organized trabecular bone, the reduction in the number of TRAP positive cells, the improvement of bone-associated parameters, and the mechanical properties all demonstrate that fNPs, similar to diphosphonates, can be a promising candidate for the effective treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Huan Geng
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China. and Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China. and Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China.
| | - Haojun Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China. and Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China.
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Jianglong Kong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yuelan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Ziteng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Chang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Gengyan Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China.
| | - Gengmei Xing
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
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33
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Mascarau R, Bertrand F, Labrousse A, Gennero I, Poincloux R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. HIV-1-Infected Human Macrophages, by Secreting RANK-L, Contribute to Enhanced Osteoclast Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093154. [PMID: 32365752 PMCID: PMC7246503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is frequently associated with low bone density, which can progress to osteoporosis leading to a high risk of fractures. Only a few mechanisms have been proposed to explain the enhanced osteolysis in the context of HIV-1 infection. As macrophages are involved in bone homeostasis and are critical host cells for HIV-1, we asked whether HIV-1-infected macrophages could participate in bone degradation. Upon infection, human macrophages acquired some osteoclast features: they became multinucleated, upregulated the osteoclast markers RhoE and β3 integrin, and organized their podosomes as ring superstructures resembling osteoclast sealing zones. However, HIV-1-infected macrophages were not fully differentiated in osteoclasts as they did not upregulate NFATc-1 transcription factor and were unable to degrade bone. Investigating whether infected macrophages participate indirectly to virus-induced osteolysis, we showed that they produce RANK-L, the key osteoclastogenic cytokine. RANK-L secreted by HIV-1-infected macrophages was not sufficient to stimulate multinucleation, but promoted the protease-dependent migration of osteoclast precursors. In conclusion, we propose that, by stimulating RANK-L secretion, HIV-1-infected macrophages contribute to create a microenvironment that favors the recruitment of osteoclasts, participating in bone disorders observed in HIV-1 infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France; (R.M.); (F.B.); (A.L.); (R.P.); (I.M.-P.)
| | - Florent Bertrand
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France; (R.M.); (F.B.); (A.L.); (R.P.); (I.M.-P.)
| | - Arnaud Labrousse
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France; (R.M.); (F.B.); (A.L.); (R.P.); (I.M.-P.)
| | - Isabelle Gennero
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM-CNRS UMR 1043, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France; (R.M.); (F.B.); (A.L.); (R.P.); (I.M.-P.)
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM-TB/HIV” (1167), 31077 Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM-TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France; (R.M.); (F.B.); (A.L.); (R.P.); (I.M.-P.)
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM-TB/HIV” (1167), 31077 Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM-TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Argentina
| | - Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France; (R.M.); (F.B.); (A.L.); (R.P.); (I.M.-P.)
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM-TB/HIV” (1167), 31077 Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM-TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Argentina
- Correspondence: (B.R.-M.); (C.V.)
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France; (R.M.); (F.B.); (A.L.); (R.P.); (I.M.-P.)
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM-TB/HIV” (1167), 31077 Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM-TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Argentina
- Correspondence: (B.R.-M.); (C.V.)
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van den Dries K, Linder S, Maridonneau-Parini I, Poincloux R. Probing the mechanical landscape – new insights into podosome architecture and mechanics. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/24/jcs236828. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Podosomes are dynamic adhesion structures formed constitutively by macrophages, dendritic cells and osteoclasts and transiently in a wide variety of cells, such as endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. They mediate numerous functions, including cell–matrix adhesion, extracellular matrix degradation, mechanosensing and cell migration. Podosomes present as micron-sized F-actin cores surrounded by an adhesive ring of integrins and integrin–actin linkers, such as talin and vinculin. In this Review, we highlight recent research that has considerably advanced our understanding of the complex architecture–function relationship of podosomes by demonstrating that the podosome ring actually consists of discontinuous nano-clusters and that the actin network in between podosomes comprises two subsets of unbranched actin filaments, lateral and dorsal podosome-connecting filaments. These lateral and dorsal podosome-connecting filaments connect the core and ring of individual podosomes and adjacent podosomes, respectively. We also highlight recent insights into the podosome cap as a novel regulatory module of actomyosin-based contractility. We propose that these newly identified features are instrumental for the ability of podosomes to generate protrusion forces and to mechanically probe their environment. Furthermore, these new results point to an increasing complexity of podosome architecture and have led to our current view of podosomes as autonomous force generators that drive cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UMR5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP64182 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UMR5089, 205 route de Narbonne, BP64182 31077 Toulouse, France
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van den Dries K, Nahidiazar L, Slotman JA, Meddens MBM, Pandzic E, Joosten B, Ansems M, Schouwstra J, Meijer A, Steen R, Wijers M, Fransen J, Houtsmuller AB, Wiseman PW, Jalink K, Cambi A. Modular actin nano-architecture enables podosome protrusion and mechanosensing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5171. [PMID: 31729386 PMCID: PMC6858452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane transmigration during embryonal development, tissue homeostasis and tumor invasion relies on invadosomes, a collective term for invadopodia and podosomes. An adequate structural framework for this process is still missing. Here, we reveal the modular actin nano-architecture that enables podosome protrusion and mechanosensing. The podosome protrusive core contains a central branched actin module encased by a linear actin module, each harboring specific actin interactors and actin isoforms. From the core, two actin modules radiate: ventral filaments bound by vinculin and connected to the plasma membrane and dorsal interpodosomal filaments crosslinked by myosin IIA. On stiff substrates, the actin modules mediate long-range substrate exploration, associated with degradative behavior. On compliant substrates, the vinculin-bound ventral actin filaments shorten, resulting in short-range connectivity and a focally protrusive, non-degradative state. Our findings redefine podosome nanoscale architecture and reveal a paradigm for how actin modularity drives invadosome mechanosensing in cells that breach tissue boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leila Nahidiazar
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre of Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Optical imaging center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein B M Meddens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost Schouwstra
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Meijer
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raymond Steen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mietske Wijers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jack Fransen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul W Wiseman
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University Otto Maass (OM), Chemistry Building, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre of Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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MT1-MMP directs force-producing proteolytic contacts that drive tumor cell invasion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4886. [PMID: 31653854 PMCID: PMC6814785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the mechanisms that govern the formation and function of invadopodia is essential towards the prevention of cancer spread. Here, we characterize the ultrastructural organization, dynamics and mechanical properties of collagenotytic invadopodia forming at the interface between breast cancer cells and a physiologic fibrillary type I collagen matrix. Our study highlights an uncovered role for MT1-MMP in directing invadopodia assembly independent of its proteolytic activity. Electron microscopy analysis reveals a polymerized Arp2/3 actin network at the concave side of the curved invadopodia in association with the collagen fibers. Actin polymerization is shown to produce pushing forces that repel the confining matrix fibers, and requires MT1-MMP matrix-degradative activity to widen the matrix pores and generate the invasive pathway. A theoretical model is proposed whereby pushing forces result from actin assembly and frictional forces in the actin meshwork due to the curved geometry of the matrix fibers that counterbalance resisting forces by the collagen fibers. The mechanism of force production by invadopodia is unclear. Here, the authors show that cell surface MT1-MMP when in contact with collagen, induces Arp2/3 branched actin polymerisation on the concave side of invadopodia, which generates a pushing force along with collagen cleavage by MT1-MMP to invade.
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DNA mechanotechnology reveals that integrin receptors apply pN forces in podosomes on fluid substrates. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4507. [PMID: 31628308 PMCID: PMC6800454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are ubiquitous cellular structures important to diverse processes including cell invasion, migration, bone resorption, and immune surveillance. Structurally, podosomes consist of a protrusive actin core surrounded by adhesion proteins. Although podosome protrusion forces have been quantified, the magnitude, spatial distribution, and orientation of the opposing tensile forces remain poorly characterized. Here we use DNA nanotechnology to create probes that measure and manipulate podosome tensile forces with molecular piconewton (pN) resolution. Specifically, Molecular Tension-Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (MT-FLIM) produces maps of the cellular adhesive landscape, revealing ring-like tensile forces surrounding podosome cores. Photocleavable adhesion ligands, breakable DNA force probes, and pharmacological inhibition demonstrate local mechanical coupling between integrin tension and actin protrusion. Thus, podosomes use pN integrin forces to sense and respond to substrate mechanics. This work deepens our understanding of podosome mechanotransduction and contributes tools that are widely applicable for studying receptor mechanics at dynamic interfaces.
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Stubb A, Guzmán C, Närvä E, Aaron J, Chew TL, Saari M, Miihkinen M, Jacquemet G, Ivaska J. Superresolution architecture of cornerstone focal adhesions in human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4756. [PMID: 31628312 PMCID: PMC6802214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is clear that key transcriptional programmes are important for maintaining pluripotency, the requirement for cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix remains poorly defined. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) form colonies encircled by an actin ring and large stable cornerstone focal adhesions (FA). Using superresolution two-colour interferometric photo-activated localisation microscopy, we examine the three-dimensional architecture of cornerstone adhesions and report vertical lamination of FA proteins with three main structural features distinct from previously studied focal adhesions: 1) integrin β5 and talin are present at high density, at the edges of cornerstone FA, adjacent to a vertical kank-rich protein wall, 2) vinculin localises higher than previously reported, displaying a head-above-tail orientation, and 3) surprisingly, actin and α-actinin are present in two discrete z-layers. Finally, we report that depletion of kanks diminishes FA patterning, and actin organisation within the colony, indicating a role for kanks in hPSC colony architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Stubb
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Nanophotonics and Bioimaging Facility, INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisa Närvä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VI, 20147, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VI, 20147, USA
| | - Markku Saari
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mitro Miihkinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Raynaud-Messina B, Verollet C, Maridonneau-Parini I. The osteoclast, a target cell for microorganisms. Bone 2019; 127:315-323. [PMID: 31233933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a highly adaptive tissue with regenerative properties that is subject to numerous diseases. Infection is one of the causes of altered bone homeostasis. Bone infection happens subsequently to bone surgery or to systemic spreading of microorganisms. In addition to osteoblasts, osteoclasts (OCs) also constitute cell targets for pathogens. OCs are multinucleated cells that have the exclusive ability to resorb bone mineral tissue. However, the OC is much more than a bone eater. Beyond its role in the control of bone turnover, the OC is an immune cell that produces and senses inflammatory cytokines, ingests microorganisms and presents antigens. Today, increasing evidence shows that several pathogens use OC as a host cell to grow, generating debilitating bone defects. In this review, we exhaustively inventory the bacteria and viruses that infect OC and report the present knowledge in this topic. We point out that most of the microorganisms enhance the bone resorption activity of OC. We notice that pathogen interactions with the OC require further investigation, in particular to validate the OC as a host cell in vivo and to identify the cellular mechanisms involved in altered bone resorption. Thus, we conclude that the OC is a new cell target for pathogens; this new research area paves the way for new therapeutic strategies in the infections causing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christel Verollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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40
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Cui K, Podolnikova NP, Bailey W, Szmuc E, Podrez EA, Byzova TV, Yakubenko VP. Inhibition of integrin α Dβ 2-mediated macrophage adhesion to end product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oxidation prevents macrophage accumulation during inflammation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14370-14382. [PMID: 31395659 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical step in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases is the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of peripheral tissues. The adhesion receptor integrin αDβ2 promotes the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes by supporting macrophage retention in inflamed tissue. We recently found that the end product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oxidation, 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP), serves as a ligand for αDβ2 CEP adduct with ECM is generated during inflammation-mediated lipid peroxidation. The goal of this project was to identify a specific inhibitor for αDβ2-CEP interaction that can prevent macrophage accumulation. Using a specially designed peptide library, Biacore-detected protein-protein interaction, and adhesion of integrin-transfected HEK 293 cells, we identified a sequence (called P5 peptide) that significantly and specifically inhibited αD-CEP binding. In the model of thioglycollate-induced peritoneal inflammation, the injection of cyclic P5 peptide reduced 3-fold the macrophage accumulation in WT mice but had no effect in αD-deficient mice. The tracking of adoptively transferred, fluorescently labeled WT and αD -/- monocytes in the model of peritoneal inflammation and in vitro two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration assays demonstrated that P5 peptide does not affect monocyte transendothelial migration or macrophage efflux from the peritoneal cavity but regulates macrophage migration through the ECM. Moreover, the injection of P5 peptide into WT mice on a high-fat diet prevents macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue in an αDβ2-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of αDβ2-mediated macrophage adhesion for the accumulation of infiltrating macrophages in the inflamed ECM and propose P5 peptide as a potential inhibitor of atherogenesis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Cui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | - Nataly P Podolnikova
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281
| | - William Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | - Eric Szmuc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Valentin P Yakubenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
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41
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Akisaka T, Yoshida A. Scattered podosomes and podosomes associated with the sealing zone architecture in cultured osteoclasts revealed by cell shearing, quick freezing, and platinum-replica electron microscopy. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:303-321. [PMID: 31162808 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) can adhere to a variety of substrate surfaces by highly dynamic actin-based cytoskeletal structures termed podosomes. This tight attachment is established by a sealing zone (SZ), which is made of interconnected individual podosomes. Compared with scattered podosomes in various cell types, the architecture of the SZ is still unclear. Especially, ultrastructural studies on the details of the cytoskeletal structure of an OC have been challenging, because the high density of filaments in their podosomes obscure visualization of individual filaments. Therefore, to study this organization in more exact detail, we employed shearing open combined with replica electron microscopy. The present study provides several new details of the podosome and SZ structure, which were previously unrecognized: (a) the SZ consists of recognizable podosomes with a dense actin network of interpodosomal regions characterized by multiple layers of crossing, branching and anastomosing actin filament networks; (b) the Arp2/3 complex is distributed throughout the actin network of podosomes and SZ, indicating that actin polymerization is concentrated at these regions; (c) a close spatial relationship between the podosome and the dorsal membrane; and (d) a network of membranous organelles in close proximity to the podosomes in the SZ. Taken together, the present study reveals that a more complicated interpodosomal actin network among neighboring individual podosomes, which is more complicated than previously thought, appears to form the SZ. Indeed, individual podosomes are not an isolated structural unit from other organelles; and, in turn, their dynamism might affect the surrounding interpodosomal cytoskeletons, membranous organelles, and plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Akisaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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42
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Tian Y, Wu Y, Liu L, He L, Gao J, Zhou L, Yu F, Yu S, Wang H. The structural characteristics of mononuclear-macrophage membrane observed by atomic force microscopy. J Struct Biol 2019; 206:314-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Alonso F, Spuul P, Kramer IJ, Génot E. [Variations on the theme of podosomes, context matters]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 34:1063-1070. [PMID: 30623771 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are actin-based microdomains connecting the cell with its extracellular matrix. Contractile actin-myosin cables assemble them into a network that constitutes a versatile cellular superstructure. Discovered and extensively described in in vitro conditions, podosomes now appear as major actors of specific physiological processes. They share common characteristics but their morphology and their effect on cell functioning can only be apprehended in specific cellular contexts. We focus here on three cellular processes involving podosomes and discuss their properties in context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Alonso
- Centre de recherche cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (Inserm U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, F-33076 France
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of chemistry and biotechnology, division of gene technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonie
| | - IJsbrand Kramer
- Centre de recherche cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (Inserm U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, F-33076 France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Centre de recherche cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (Inserm U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, F-33076 France
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Alonso F, Spuul P, Daubon T, Kramer IJ, Génot E. Variations on the theme of podosomes: A matter of context. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:545-553. [PMID: 30594495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive in vitro studies have described podosomes as actin-based structures at the plasma membrane, connecting the cell with its extracellular matrix and endowed with multiple capabilities. Contractile actin-myosin cables assemble them into a network that constitutes a multifaceted cellular superstructure taking different forms - with common characteristics - but manifesting different properties depending on the context of study. Their morphology and their role in cell functioning and behavior are therefore now apprehended in in vivo or in vitro situations relevant to physiological processes. We focus here on three of them, namely: macrophage migration, antigen presentation by dendritic cells and endothelial cell sprouting during angiogenesis to highlight the characteristics of podosomes and their functioning shaped by the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Alonso
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076 Cedex, France
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Thomas Daubon
- Laboratoire de l'Angiogénèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (INSERM U1029), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076 Cedex, France
| | - IJsbrand Kramer
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076 Cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076 Cedex, France.
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45
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Cui K, Ardell CL, Podolnikova NP, Yakubenko VP. Distinct Migratory Properties of M1, M2, and Resident Macrophages Are Regulated by α Dβ 2 and α Mβ 2 Integrin-Mediated Adhesion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2650. [PMID: 30524429 PMCID: PMC6262406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is essential mechanism during the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The outcome of diseases depends on the balance between the migration/accumulation of pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in damaged tissue. The mechanism of macrophage migration and subsequent accumulation is still not fully understood. Currently, the amoeboid adhesion-independent motility is considered essential for leukocyte migration in the three-dimensional environment. We challenge this hypothesis by studying the contribution of leukocyte adhesive receptors, integrins αMβ2, and αDβ2, to three-dimensional migration of M1-polarized, M2-polarized, and resident macrophages. Both integrins have a moderate expression on M2 macrophages, while αDβ2 is upregulated on M1 and αMβ2 demonstrates high expression on resident macrophages. The level of integrin expression determines its contribution to macrophage migration. Namely, intermediate expression supports macrophage migration, while a high integrin density inhibits it. Using in vitro three-dimensional migration and in vivo tracking of adoptively-transferred fluorescently-labeled macrophages during the resolution of inflammation, we found that strong adhesion of M1-activated macrophages translates to weak 3D migration, while moderate adhesion of M2-activated macrophages generates dynamic motility. Reduced migration of M1 macrophages depends on the high expression of αDβ2, since αD-deficiency decreased M1 macrophage adhesion and improved migration in fibrin matrix and peritoneal tissue. Similarly, the high expression of αMβ2 on resident macrophages prevents their amoeboid migration, which is markedly increased in αM-deficient macrophages. In contrast, αD- and αM-knockouts decrease the migration of M2 macrophages, demonstrating that moderate integrin expression supports cell motility. The results were confirmed in a diet-induced diabetes model. αD deficiency prevents the retention of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue and improves metabolic parameters, while αM deficiency does not affect macrophage accumulation. Summarizing, β2 integrin-mediated adhesion may inhibit amoeboid and mesenchymal macrophage migration or support mesenchymal migration in tissue, and, therefore, represents an important target to control inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Cui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Christopher L Ardell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Nataly P Podolnikova
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Valentin P Yakubenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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46
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Bouissou A, Proag A, Portes M, Soldan V, Balor S, Thibault C, Vieu C, Maridonneau-Parini I, Poincloux R. Protrusion Force Microscopy: A Method to Quantify Forces Developed by Cell Protrusions. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29985327 DOI: 10.3791/57636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In numerous biological contexts, animal cells need to interact physically with their environment by developing mechanical forces. Among these, traction forces have been well-characterized, but there is a lack of techniques allowing the measurement of the protrusion forces exerted by cells orthogonally to their substrate. We designed an experimental setup to measure the protrusion forces exerted by adherent cells on their substrate. Cells plated on a compliant Formvar sheet deform this substrate and the resulting topography is mapped by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at the nanometer scale. Force values are then extracted from an analysis of the deformation profile based on the geometry of the protrusive cellular structures. Hence, the forces exerted by the individual protruding units of a living cell can be measured over time. This technique will enable the study of force generation and its regulation in the many cellular processes involving protrusion. Here, we describe its application to measure the protrusive forces generated by podosomes formed by human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Bouissou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS
| | - Amsha Proag
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS
| | - Marion Portes
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS;
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47
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Harris AR, Jreij P, Fletcher DA. Mechanotransduction by the Actin Cytoskeleton: Converting Mechanical Stimuli into Biochemical Signals. Annu Rev Biophys 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-070816-033547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Force transmission through the actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in cell movements, shape change, and internal organization. Dynamic reorganization of actin filaments by an array of specialized binding proteins creates biochemically and architecturally distinct structures, many of which are finely tuned to exert or resist mechanical loads. The molecular complexity of the actin cytoskeleton continues to be revealed by detailed biochemical assays, and the architectural diversity and dynamics of actin structures are being uncovered by advances in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. However, our understanding of how mechanical forces feed back on cytoskeletal architecture and actin-binding protein organization is comparatively limited. In this review, we discuss recent work investigating how mechanical forces applied to cytoskeletal proteins are transduced into biochemical signals. We explore multiple mechanisms for mechanical signal transduction, including the mechanosensitive behavior of actin-binding proteins, the effect of mechanical force on actin filament dynamics, and the influence of mechanical forces on the structure of single actin filaments. The emerging picture is one in which the actin cytoskeleton is defined not only by the set of proteins that constitute a network but also by the constant interplay of mechanical forces and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Harris
- Department of Bioengineering, and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Pamela Jreij
- Department of Bioengineering, and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel A. Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering, and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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48
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Cougoule C, Lastrucci C, Guiet R, Mascarau R, Meunier E, Lugo-Villarino G, Neyrolles O, Poincloux R, Maridonneau-Parini I. Podosomes, But Not the Maturation Status, Determine the Protease-Dependent 3D Migration in Human Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:846. [PMID: 29760696 PMCID: PMC5936769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional Antigen-Presenting Cells scattered throughout antigen-exposed tissues and draining lymph nodes, and survey the body for pathogens. Their ability to migrate through tissues, a 3D environment, is essential for an effective immune response. Upon infection, recognition of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) by Toll-like receptors (TLR) triggers DC maturation. Mature DC (mDC) essentially use the protease-independent, ROCK-dependent amoeboid mode in vivo, or in collagen matrices in vitro. However, the mechanisms of 3D migration used by human immature DC (iDC) are still poorly characterized. Here, we reveal that human monocyte-derived DC are able to use two migration modes in 3D. In porous matrices of fibrillar collagen I, iDC adopted the amoeboid migration mode. In dense matrices of gelled collagen I or Matrigel, iDC used the protease-dependent, ROCK-independent mesenchymal migration mode. Upon TLR4 activation by LPS, mDC-LPS lose the capacity to form podosomes and degrade the matrix along with impaired mesenchymal migration. TLR2 activation by Pam3CSK4 resulted in DC maturation, podosome maintenance, and efficient mesenchymal migration. Under all these conditions, when DC used the mesenchymal mode in dense matrices, they formed 3D podosomes at the tip of cell protrusions. Using PGE2, known to disrupt podosomes in DC, we observed that the cells remained in an immature status and the mesenchymal migration mode was abolished. We also observed that, while CCL5 (attractant of iDC) enhanced both amoeboid and mesenchymal migration of iDC, CCL19 and CCL21 (attractants of mDC) only enhanced mDC-LPS amoeboid migration without triggering mesenchymal migration. Finally, we examined the migration of iDC in tumor cell spheroids, a tissue-like 3D environment. We observed that iDC infiltrated spheroids of tumor cells using both migration modes. Altogether, these results demonstrate that human DC adopt the mesenchymal mode to migrate in 3D dense environments, which relies on their capacity to form podosomes independent of their maturation status, paving the way of further investigations on in vivo DC migration in dense tissues and its regulation during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Lastrucci
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Guiet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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49
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Lymphocyte-specific protein 1 regulates mechanosensory oscillation of podosomes and actin isoform-based actomyosin symmetry breaking. Nat Commun 2018; 9:515. [PMID: 29410425 PMCID: PMC5802837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcellular fine-tuning of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is a prerequisite for polarized cell migration. We identify LSP (lymphocyte-specific protein) 1 as a critical regulator of actomyosin contractility in primary macrophages. LSP1 regulates adhesion and migration, including the parameters cell area and speed, and also podosome turnover, oscillation and protrusive force. LSP1 recruits myosin IIA and its regulators, including myosin light chain kinase and calmodulin, and competes with supervillin, a myosin hyperactivator, for myosin regulators, and for actin isoforms, notably β-actin. Actin isoforms are anisotropically distributed in myosin IIA-expressing macrophages, and contribute to the differential recruitment of LSP1 and supervillin, thus enabling an actomyosin symmetry break, analogous to the situation in cells expressing two myosin II isoforms. Collectively, these results show that the cellular pattern of actin isoforms builds the basis for the differential distribution of two actomyosin machineries with distinct properties, leading to the establishment of discrete zones of actomyosin contractility. The actomyosin cytoskeleton plays an important role in polarised cell migration. Here the authors identify lymphocyte-specific protein (LSP)-1 as a regulator of actomyosin contractility in macrophages, by competing with supervillin for myosin IIA activators acting specifically on the β-actin isoform.
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