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Koner K, Sasmal HS, Shetty D, Banerjee R. Thickness-Driven Synthesis and Applications of Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406418. [PMID: 38726702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are two-dimensional, crystalline porous framework materials with numerous scopes for tunability, such as porosity, functionality, stability and aspect ratio (thickness to length ratio). The manipulation of π-stacking in COFs results in truly 2D materials, namely covalent organic nanosheets (CONs), adds advantages in many applications. In this Minireview, we have discussed both top-down (COFs→CONs) and bottom-up (molecules→CONs) approaches with precise information on thickness and lateral growth. We have showcased the research progress on CONs in a few selected applications, such as batteries, catalysis, sensing and biomedical applications. This Minireview specifically highlights the reports where the authors compare the performance of CONs with COFs by demonstrating the impact of the thickness and lateral growth of the nanosheets. We have also provided the possible scope of exploration of CONs research in terms of inter-dimensional conversion, such as graphene to carbon nanotube and future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalipada Koner
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Himadri Sekhar Sasmal
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science & Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Berlanga I, Rosenkranz A. Covalent organic frameworks in tribology - A perspective. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103228. [PMID: 38901060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous materials formed through covalent bonds between organic building blocks. COFs uniquely combine a large surface area, an excellent stability, numerous abundant active sites, and tunable functionalities, thus making them highly attractive for numerous applications. Especially, their abundant active sites and weak interlayer interaction make these materials promising candidates for tribological research. Recently, notable attention has been paid to COFs as lubricant additives due to their excellent tribological performance. Our review aims at critically summarizing the state-of-art developments of 2D COFs in tribology. We discuss their structural and functional design principles, as well as synthetic strategies with a special focus on tribology. The generation of COF thin films is also assessed in detail, which can alleviate their most challenging drawbacks for this application. Subsequently, we analyze the existing state-of-the-art regarding the usage of COFs as lubricant additives, self-lubrication composite coatings, and solid lubricants at the nanoscale. Finally, critical challenges and future trends of 2D COFs in tribology are outlined to initiate and boost new research activities in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Berlanga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nuclei of Advanced MXenes for Sustainable Applications (AMXSA), Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Fu Z, Arisnabarreta N, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Deciphering the factors influencing electric field mediated polymerization and depolymerization at the solution-solid interface. Commun Chem 2024; 7:106. [PMID: 38724622 PMCID: PMC11082217 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Strong and oriented electric fields are known to influence structure as well as reactivity. The strong electric field (EF) between the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and graphite has been used to modulate two-dimensional (2D) polymerization of aryl boronic acids where switching the polarity of the substrate bias enabled reversible transition between self-assembled molecular networks of monomers and crystalline 2D polymer (2DP) domains. Here, we untangle the different factors influencing the EF-mediated (de)polymerization of a boroxine-based 2DP on graphite. The influence of the solvent was systematically studied by varying the nature from polar protic to polar aprotic to non-polar. The effect of monomer concentration was also investigated in detail with a special focus on the time-dependence of the transition. Our experimental observations indicate that while the nucleation of 2DP domains is not initiated by the applied electric field, their depolymerization and subsequent desorption, are a consequence of the change in the polarity of the substrate bias within the area scanned by the STM tip. We conclude that the reversible transition is intimately linked to the bias-induced adsorption and desorption of the monomers, which, in turn, could drive changes in the local concentration of the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Fu
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Nicolás Arisnabarreta
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium.
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4
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Wu X, Tang X, Zhang K, Harrod C, Li R, Wu J, Yang X, Zheng S, Fan J, Zhang W, Li X, Cai S. Tuning the Topology of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks through Site-Selective Synthetic Strategy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303781. [PMID: 38196025 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Tuning the topology of two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is of paramount scientific interest but remains largely unexplored. Herein, we present a site-selective synthetic strategy that enables the tuning of 2D COF topology by simply adjusting the molar ratio of an amine-functionalized dihydrazide monomer (NH2 -Ah) and 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzaldehyde (Tz). This approach resulted in the formation of two distinct COFs: a clover-like 2D COF with free amine groups (NH2 -Ah-Tz) and a honeycomb-like COF without amine groups (Ah-Tz). Both COFs exhibited good crystallinity and moderate porosity. Remarkably, the clover-shaped NH2 -Ah-Tz COF, with abundant free amine groups, displayed significantly enhanced adsorption capacities toward crystal violet (CV, 261 mg/g) and congo red (CR, 1560 mg/g) compared to the non-functionalized honeycomb-like Ah-Tz COF (123 mg/g for CV and 1340 mg/g for CR), underscoring the pivotal role of free amine functional groups in enhancing adsorption capacities for organic dyes. This work highlights that the site-selective synthetic strategy paves a new avenue for manipulating 2D COF topology by adjusting the monomer feeding ratio, thereby modulating their adsorption performances toward organic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xihao Tang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chelsea Harrod
- Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30314, United States
| | - Rui Li
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xi Yang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shengrun Zheng
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Longsmall Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., Qingyuan, 511517, China
| | - Jun Fan
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Longsmall Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., Qingyuan, 511517, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Longsmall Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., Qingyuan, 511517, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30314, United States
| | - Songliang Cai
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Longsmall Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., Qingyuan, 511517, China
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5
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Kaur H, Siwal SS, Saini RV, Thakur VK. Covalent-Organic Framework-Based Materials in Theranostic Applications: Insights into Their Advantages and Challenges. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6235-6252. [PMID: 38371794 PMCID: PMC10870270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been essential in bioimaging and cancer therapy in recent years. Nanoscale covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) have been growing as an adequate classification of biomedical nanomaterials with practical application prospects because of their increased porosity, functionality, and biocompatibility. The high sponginess of COFs enables the incorporation of distinct imaging and therapeutic mechanisms with a better loading efficiency. Nevertheless, preliminary biocompatibility limits their possibility for clinical translation. Thus, cutting-edge nanomaterials with high biocompatibility and improved therapeutic efficiency are highly expected to fast-track the clinical translation of nanomedicines. The inherent effects of nanoscale COFs, such as proper size, modular pore geometry and porosity, and specific postsynthetic transformation through simple organic changes, make them particularly appealing for prospective nanomedicines. The organic building blocks of COFs may also be postmodified for particular binding to biomarkers. The exceptional features of COFs cause them to be an encouraging nanocarrier for bioimaging and therapeutic applications. In this review, we have systematically discussed the advances of COFs in the field of theranostics by providing essential features of COFs along with their synthetic methods. Further, the applications of COFs in the field of theranostics (such as drug delivery systems, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy) are discussed in detail with the help of available literature to date. Furthermore, the advantages of COFs over other materials for therapeutics and drug delivery are discussed. Finally, the review concludes with potential future COF applications in the theranostic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department
of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
- Biorefining
and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Department
of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar
(Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining
and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.
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6
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Tu J, Song W, Chen B, Li Y, Chen L. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Kagome Lattice: Synthesis and Applications. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302380. [PMID: 37668073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
2D covalent organic frameworks with Kagome (kgm) topology are a promising class of crystalline frameworks that possess both triangular and hexagonal pores. These dual-pore structures enable kgm COFs to exhibit unique advantages in selective separation, mass transfer, and targeted drug release. However, the synthesis of 2D kgm COFs has been hindered by the reliance on empirical methods. This review systematically summarizes the conventional macrocycle-to-framework strategy, typical [4+2] co-polymerization synthetic strategy, and bifunctional molecules self-condensation approach for constructing 2D kgm COFs. Factors influencing the formation of kgm lattice are surveyed, such as monomer type, solvent polarity, substrate concentration, etc., and highlight the representative examples on targeted synthesis. Additionally, applications of 2D kgm COFs and relationships between structure and performances are summarized. Finally, key fundamental perspectives are proposed to accelerate the further development of this intriguing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Wen Song
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for, High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and, Collaborative Innovation Center of, Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Yusen Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for, High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and, Collaborative Innovation Center of, Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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7
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Yun Q, Ge Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang A, Huang B, Yao Y, Luo Q, Zhai L, Ge J, Peng Y, Gong C, Zhao M, Qin Y, Ma C, Wang G, Wa Q, Zhou X, Li Z, Li S, Zhai W, Yang H, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ruan X, Wu Y, Chen B, Lu Q, Lai Z, He Q, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang H. Recent Progress on Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As a key structural parameter, phase depicts the arrangement of atoms in materials. Normally, a nanomaterial exists in its thermodynamically stable crystal phase. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases, which rarely exist in their bulk counterparts, or amorphous phase have been prepared using carefully controlled reaction conditions. Together these methods are beginning to enable phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), i.e., the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and the transformation between different phases, to obtain desired properties and functions. This Review summarizes the research progress in the field of PEN. First, we present representative strategies for the direct synthesis of unconventional phases and modulation of phase transformation in diverse kinds of nanomaterials. We cover the synthesis of nanomaterials ranging from metal nanostructures such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and Ru, and their alloys; metal oxides, borides, and carbides; to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and 2D layered materials. We review synthesis and growth methods ranging from wet-chemical reduction and seed-mediated epitaxial growth to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high pressure phase transformation, and electron and ion-beam irradiation. After that, we summarize the significant influence of phase on the various properties of unconventional-phase nanomaterials. We also discuss the potential applications of the developed unconventional-phase nanomaterials in different areas including catalysis, electrochemical energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensing. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future research directions in PEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinxin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengtao Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yutian Qin
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingbo Wa
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xichen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lujing Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyang Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qipeng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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8
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Deng C, Wang J, Zhu H, Xu C, Fan X, Wen Y, Huang P, Lin H, Li Q, Chi L. Constructing Two-Dimensional Distorted Kagome Lattices on Ag(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9584-9589. [PMID: 37862333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) tessellation of organic species acquired increased interest recently because of their potential applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. Herein, we successfully synthesized the chiral distorted Kagome lattice p3 (333) with bicomponent precursors on Ag(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculation studies reveal that the networks are formed by multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The network structures can be rationally tuned by adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of the reaction precursors. Our study provides new strategies to synthesize complex low-dimensional nanostructures on metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Deng
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Wang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Fan
- Research Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglai Wen
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Huang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
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9
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Li R, Zhang L, Chen T, Wang D. On-Surface Two-Dimensional Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12521-12532. [PMID: 37651313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are molecularly thin networks consisting of monomers covalently linked in at least two directions in the molecular plane. Because of the unique structural features and emergent physicochemical properties, 2DPs promise application potentials in catalysis, chemical sensing, and organic electronic devices. On-surface synthesis is of great interest to fabricate 2DPs with atomic precision, and the properties of the 2DPs can be characterized in situ through scanning probe techniques. In this Perspective, we first introduce the recent developments of on-surface 2D polymerization, including the design principle, the synthetic reactions, and the factors affecting the synthesis of 2DPs on surface. Then, we summarize some major challenges in this field, including the fabrication of high-quality 2DPs and the study of the intrinsic electronic properties of 2DPs, and we discuss some of the available solutions to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Longzhu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Cai ZF, Chen T, Wang D. Insights into the Polymerization Reactions on Solid Surfaces Provided by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2463-2472. [PMID: 36867434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the polymerization process at the molecular level is essential for the rational design and synthesis of polymers with controllable structures and properties. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is one of the most important techniques to investigate the structures and reactions on conductive solid surfaces, and it has successfully been used to reveal the polymerization process on the surface at the molecular level in recent years. In this Perspective, after a brief introduction of on-surface polymerization reactions and STM, we focus on the applications of STM in the study of the processes and mechanism of on-surface polymerization, from one-dimensional to two-dimensional polymerization reactions. We conclude by a discussion of the challenges and perspectives on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Ren X, Wang X, Song W, Bai F, Li Y. Fascinating isomeric covalent organic frameworks. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4762-4771. [PMID: 36756711 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07228a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Isomeric covalent organic frameworks possessing the same chemical constitutions but different atomic arrangement structures and physicochemical properties are fascinating branches of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). However, the rational design and targeted synthesis of isomeric COFs remain conundrums, so the investigation of isomeric COFs is still in a fledging period. According to the diversity of frameworks, positional isomers with similar structures and framework isomers having distinct constructions are the main existing subspecies of isomeric COFs. In this review, we focus on the research progress and substantial achievements in this fascinating embranchment and systematically summarize and highlight the design principles of both positional isomeric and framework isomeric COFs, which will potentially facilitate further exploitation and investigation of novel isomeric COFs. The application and structure-property relationship of these isomeric COFs have been briefly introduced. Moreover, key constraints of current isomeric COFs and further advancement of this promising field are proposed and anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wen Song
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yusen Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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12
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Li Y, Su X, Zheng W, Zheng JJ, Guo L, Bonn M, Gao X, Wang HI, Chen L. Targeted Synthesis of Isomeric Naphthalene-Based 2D Kagome Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216795. [PMID: 36627239 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeted synthesis of kagome (kgm) topologic 2D covalent organic frameworks remains challenging, presumably due to the severe dependence on building units and synthetic conditions. Herein, two isomeric "two-in-one" monomers with different lengths of substituted arms based on naphthalene core (p-Naph and m-Naph) are elaborately designed and utilized for the defined synthesis of isomeric kgm Naph-COFs. The two isomeric frameworks exhibit splendid crystallinity and showcase the same chemical composition and topologic structure with, however, different pore channels. Interestingly, C60 is able to uniformly be encapsulated into the triangle channels of m-Naph-COF via in situ incorporation method, while not the isomeric p-Naph-COF, likely due to the different pore structures of the two isomeric COFs. The resulting stable C60 @m-Naph-COF composite exhibits much higher photoconductivity than the m-Naph-COF owing to charge transfer between the conjugated skeletons and C60 guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jia-Jia Zheng
- laboratory of theoretical and computational nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Linshuo Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xingfa Gao
- laboratory of theoretical and computational nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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13
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Dong W, Qin Z, Wang K, Xiao Y, Liu X, Ren S, Li L. Isomeric Oligo(Phenylenevinylene)-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Different Orientation of Imine Bonds and Distinct Photocatalytic Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216073. [PMID: 36450661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been extensively studied in photocatalysis because of their easy synthesis and excellent crystallinity. The effect of imine-bond orientation on the photocatalytic properties of COFs, however, is still rarely studied. Herein, we report two novel COFs with different orientations of imine bonds using oligo(phenylenevinylene) moieties. The COFs showed similar structures but great differences in their photoelectric properties. COF-932 demonstrated a superior hydrogen evolution performance compared to COF-923 when triethanolamine was used as the sacrificial agent. Interestingly, the use of ascorbic acid led to the protonation of the COFs, further altering the direction of electron transfer. The photocatalytic performances were increased to 23.4 and 0.73 mmol g-1 h-1 for protonated COF-923 and COF-932, respectively. This study provides a clear strategy for the design of imine-linked COF-based photocatalysts and advances the development of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Dong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kuixing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yueyuan Xiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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14
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Huang T, Jiang H, Douglin JC, Chen Y, Yin S, Zhang J, Deng X, Wu H, Yin Y, Dekel DR, Guiver MD, Jiang Z. Single Solution-Phase Synthesis of Charged Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets with High Volume Yield. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202209306. [PMID: 36395246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework nanosheets (COF-NSs) are emerging building blocks for functional materials, and their scalable fabrication is highly desirable. Current synthetic methods suffer from low volume yields resulting from confined on-surface/at-interface growth space and complex multiple-phase synthesis systems. Herein, we report the synthesis of charged COF-NSs in open space using a single-phase organic solution system, achieving magnitudes higher volume yields of up to 18.7 mg mL-1 . Charge-induced electrostatic repulsion forces enable in-plane anisotropic secondary growth from initial discrete and disordered polymers into large and crystalline COF-NSs. The charged COF-NS colloidal suspensions are cast into thin and compact proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with lamellar morphology and oriented crystallinity, displaying outstanding proton conductivity, negligible dimensional swelling, and good H2 /O2 fuel cell performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haifei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - John C Douglin
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuoyao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- Analysis and Testing Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Michael D Guiver
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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15
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Zou H, Liu L, Zhang S, Miao X, Ying L, Deng W, Cao Y. Different Stepwise Growth Mechanism of AIE-Active Tetraphenylethylene-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks on Au(111) and Cu(111) Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:489-498. [PMID: 36625786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with aggregation- induced emission on surfaces and understanding the growth mechanism have not yet been pursued. Herein, MOFs constructed via the Ullmann-type reaction of a C2-symmetry TPE derivative (p-BrTBE) on Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces were thoroughly investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. On a Au(111) surface, p-BrTBE molecules formed the self-assembled pattern at 298 K. Stepwise annealing led to a progressive evolution process, in which the stepwise debromination reaction led to organometallic intermediates, and surface-stabilized radicals and metal-organic networks were formed. By contrast, the relatively ordered MOFs were obtained by replacing the underlying substrate with the more catalytically active Cu(111) at 298 K. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the formation of different networks on Au(111) and Cu(111) was determined by the different conformations of the TBE unit on the different substrates due to the different adsorption energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqi Zou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Liqian Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Songyao Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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16
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Yu XK, Zhao HY, Li JP, Li XJ, Yang JQ, Zhu YL, Lu Z. Mechanism for Topology Selection of Isomeric Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7087-7093. [PMID: 35900203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of growth of one of the competitive topologies for covalent organic frameworks with constitutional isomers is poorly understood. Herein, we employ molecular dynamics to study the isoenergetic assembly of the rhombic square (sql) and Kagome lattice (kgm). The concentration, solvent conditions, and the reversibility of chemical reactions are considered by means of an Arrhenius two-state model to describe the reactions. High concentrations and poor solvent both result in sql, agreeing well with recent experiments. Moreover, the high reversibility of reactions gives rise to sql, while the low reversibility leads to kgm, suggesting a new way of regulating the topology. Our analyses support that the nucleation of isomers influenced by experimental conditions is responsible for the selection of topologies, which improves understanding of the control of topology. We also propose a strategy in which a two-step growth can be exploited to greatly improve the crystallinity of kgm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Huan-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Jun-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals, Sino-Platinum Metals Co. Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Xing-Ji Li
- Technology Innovation Center of Materials and Devices at Extreme Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jian-Qun Yang
- Technology Innovation Center of Materials and Devices at Extreme Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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17
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Single atomic Cu-Anchored 2D covalent organic framework as a nanoreactor for CO2 capture and in-situ conversion: A computational study. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Li X, Han D, Qin T, Xiong J, Huang J, Wang T, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Zhu J. Selective synthesis of Kagome nanoporous graphene on Ag(111) via an organometallic template. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6239-6247. [PMID: 35403634 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08136e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Kagome nanoporous graphenes (NPGs) are fascinating due to their exotic electronic and magnetic properties. The emerging on-surface synthesis (mostly on metal surfaces) provides a new opportunity to fabricate Kagome NPGs with atomic resolution. Previously the Kagome NPGs synthesized on surfaces were largely heteroatom-doped and suffer from morphological defects (evidently on metal surfaces). The on-surface synthesis of pristine Kagome NPG with improved structural quality is extremely desirable. In this paper, using a halogenated precursor, we report a bottom-up fabrication of pristine NPG with Kagome topology on Ag(111) via classic Ullmann coupling. The templating effect of organometallic (OM) intermediates for subsequent covalent coupling is determined by comparing the OM phase and resultant covalent product. The reaction parameters are found to have a significant impact on the topology and quality of OM intermediates. Specifically, a higher surface temperature and lower evaporation rate favor the growth of better-quality and higher-yield OM Kagome NPGs. The covalent Kagome NPGs obtained by further annealing of these OM networks are affected likewise due to the template effect of OM intermediates. Our work further confirms the generality of the OM template effect. It also offers a novel method to achieve the selective synthesis of Kagome lattice networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Jianmin Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
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19
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Li L, Yun Q, Zhu C, Sheng G, Guo J, Chen B, Zhao M, Zhang Z, Lai Z, Zhang X, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Isoreticular Series of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks with the kgd Topology and Controllable Micropores. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6475-6482. [PMID: 35377630 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess designable pore architectures but limited framework topologies. Until now, 2D COFs adopting the kgd topology with ordered and rhombic pore geometry have rarely been reported. Here, an isoreticular series of 2D COFs with the kgd topology and controllable pore size is synthesized by employing a C6-symmetric aldehyde, i.e., hexa(4-formylphenyl)benzene (HFPB), and C3-symmetric amines i.e., tris(4-aminophenyl)amine (TAPA), tris(4-aminophenyl)trazine (TAPT), and 1,3,5-tris[4-amino(1,1-biphenyl-4-yl)]benzene (TABPB), as building units, referred to as HFPB-TAPA, HFPB-TAPT, and HFPB-TABPB, respectively. The micropore dimension down to 6.7 Å is achieved in HFPB-TAPA, which is among the smallest pore size of reported 2D COFs. Impressively, both the in-plane network and stacking sequence of the 2D COFs can be clearly observed by low-dose electron microscopy. Integrating the unique kgd topology with small rhombic micropores, these 2D COFs are endowed with both short molecular diffusion length and favorable host-guest interaction, exhibiting potential for drug delivery with high loading and good release control of ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chongzhi Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guan Sheng
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yongwu Peng
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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20
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Yang C, Wu J, Hu W. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Synthetic Strategies to Advanced Optical-Electrical-Magnetic Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2102290. [PMID: 35052010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), an emerging class of organic crystalline polymers with highly oriented structures and permanent porosity, can adopt 2D or 3D architectures depending on the different topological diagrams of the monomers. Notably, 2D COFs have particularly gained much attention due to the extraordinary merits of their extended in-plane π-conjugation and topologically ordered columnar π-arrays. These properties together with high crystallinity, large surface area, and tunable porosity distinguish 2D COFs as an ideal candidate for the fabrication of functional materials. Herein, this review surveys the recent research advances in 2D COFs with special emphasis on the preparation of 2D COF powders, single crystals, and thin films, as well as their advanced optical, electrical, and magnetic functionalities. Some challenging issues and potential research outlook for 2D COFs are also provided for promoting their development in terms of structure, synthesis, and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyong Wang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yating Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chenhuai Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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21
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Wang L, Wang D. Two-dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: Tessellation by Synthetic Art. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-1489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Zhang T, Zhang G, Chen L. 2D Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks: Defined Synthesis and Tailor-Made Functions. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:795-808. [PMID: 35025209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers and have received tremendous attention and research interest. COFs can be classified into two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) analogues. Resembling the architectures of porous graphene, 2D conjugated COFs have exhibited promising prospects in many fields, such as gas storage and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, sensing, photocatalysis, environmental remediation, drug delivery, energy storage and conversion, and so forth. However, efficient structural design for high-throughput production of crystalline 2D COFs remains challenging.In this Account, we summarize our recent contributions to the design, synthesis, and application exploration of 2D conjugated COFs. First, we raised an efficient "two-in-one" strategy for the facile synthesis of 2D imine COFs with good reproducibility and solvent adaptability. Thanks to this elaborate molecular design strategy, we could easily modulate the topology of COFs and fabricate COF films. In addition, we developed two approaches to stabilize the 2D conjugated COFs by using planar building blocks and donor-acceptor structures. We also proposed a skeleton engineering strategy to design COFs as electrode materials, through which redox-active orthoquinone moieties were stepwise-incorporated in the skeletons of isostructural 2D imine-linked COFs. This strategy enabled systematic investigations on a series of 2D conjugated COFs with analogous structures but different numbers of active sites for energy storage, which provides a good platform to unveil the underlying structure-property relationships. In addition, we recently developed a new kind of arylamine-linked 2D conjugated COFs. The electroactive diphenylamine linkages endowed these 2D conjugated COFs with extended conjugation and improved stability, which also conferred these COFs with excellent pseudocapacitive energy storage performance. Moreover, tailor-made sulfur-rich COFs were introduced that were synthesized by selective introduction of polysulfide or sulfonyl groups on the COF skeletons and were used for Li storage and proton conduction. At the end, the key challenges of 2D conjugated COFs toward practical applications and their future prospects are suggested. We hope that this Account will evoke new inspirations and innovative work in the field of 2D conjugated COFs in the near future, especially in some burgeoning and interdisciplinary research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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23
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Zheng X, Zhang L, Xie C, Wang H, Liu H, Pan Q, Zhao Y. Configurational Selectivity Study of Two-dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Isomers Containing D2h and C2 Building Blocks. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Gan SX, Jia C, Qi QY, Zhao X. A facile and scalable synthetic method for covalent organic nanosheets: ultrasonic polycondensation and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1009-1015. [PMID: 35211266 PMCID: PMC8790797 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic framework nanosheets (COF NSs or CONs), as compared to their bulk counterparts two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs), exhibit superior performance in many aspects due to their fully accessible active sites benefiting from their ultrathin porous 2D structures. The development of a scalable synthetic methodology for CONs is crucial to further exploration of their unique properties and practical applications. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to fabricate ultrathin CONs through direct polycondensation of monomers under ultrasonic treatment and mild conditions. This method is facile and scalable, which is demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis of two ultrathin 2D CONs in several hours. Moreover, the as-prepared ultrathin CONs show excellent heterogeneous photocatalytic performance for the degradation of organic pollutants (dyes as representatives), remarkably superior to the bulk COFs prepared from the corresponding monomers under solvothermal conditions. This research provides a new roadmap for the scalable and facile synthesis of ultrathin CONs, which is of paramount importance for fully exploring the tremendous potential of this emerging type of 2D material. We develop a strategy to efficiently fabricate ultrathin covalent organic framework nanosheets (CONs) through direct polycondensation of monomers under ultrasonic treatment. The CONs exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of organic pollutants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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25
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Zheng W, Li A, Wang X, Li Z, Zhao B, Wang L, Kan W, Sun L, Qi X. Construction of hydrophilic covalent organic frameworks and their fast and efficient adsorption of cationic dyes from aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TFPB-Pa-SO3H COF and TFPB-BDSA COF were synthesized and showed fast adsorption of MLB (1 and 2 min) and high adsorption uptakes of CV (1559 and 1288 mg g−1). TFPB-Pa-SO3H COF as adsorbing material was used for the removal of dye molecules in real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Anran Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Wei Kan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Li Sun
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
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26
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Li L, Li A, Zhao B, Kan W, Bi C, Zheng W, Wang X, Sun L, Wang L, Zhang H. Multi-sulfonated functionalized hydrophilic covalent organic framework for highly efficient dye removal from real samples. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophilic covalent organic framework (BTA-BDSA-COF) was successfully erected by introducing multi-sulfonated groups into a covalent framework structure and it can be easily applied to capture the cationic dye in real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lantian Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Anran Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Wei Kan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Chunyu Bi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Wang Zheng
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Li Sun
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Qiqihar Inspection and Testing Center, Qiqihar 161006, China
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27
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Zhao Z, Zhao J, Zhang S, Zhang G, Chen W, Yang Z, Zhang T, Chen L. Topology modulation of 2D covalent organic frameworks via a "two-in-one" strategy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19385-19390. [PMID: 34812818 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05758h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Topology modulation of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) still remains barely explored, probably due to the lack of appropriate building blocks. A "two-in-one" strategy applies bifunctional monomers to endow ideal stoichiometry and has recently demonstrated great potential in the facile preparation of highly crystalline two-dimensional (2D) COFs with different topologies. Herein, we employ this approach to modulate the topology of 2D COFs by varying the solvents or the monomer concentrations. To our delight, 2D COFs featuring a Kagome (kgm) lattice with both hexagonal and triangular dual pores (DP) or featuring a rhombic square (sql) single pore (SP) structure can be selectively formed by varying the solvents. Furthermore, adjusting the monomer concentrations also successfully tuned the topology of the COFs. In addition, the highly porous dual-pore COF showed potential applications for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Simeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Weiben Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zongfan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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28
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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29
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Wang J, Zheng Y, Nie X, Xu C, Hao Z, Song L, You S, Xi J, Pan M, Lin H, Li Y, Zhang H, Li Q, Chi L. Constructing and Transferring Two-Dimensional Tessellation Kagome Lattices via Chemical Reactions on Cu(111) Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8151-8156. [PMID: 34410130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) tessellation of organic species acquired increased interests recently because of their potential applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. 2D tessellations have been successfully constructed on surfaces via various intermolecular interactions. However, the transformation between 2D tessellation lattices has been rarely reported. Herein, we successfully fabricated two types of Kagome lattices on Cu(111). The former phase exhibits (3,6,3,6) Kagome lattices, which are stabilized via the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. The latter phase is formed through direct chemical transferring from the former one maintaining almost the same Kagome lattices, except for that the unit cell rotates for 4°. Detailed scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculation studies reveal that the chemical transformation is achieved by the formation of the N-Cu-N metal-organic bonds via dehydrogenation reactions of the amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjing Zheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Nie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengming Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan You
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Xi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
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30
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Chen H, Feng G, Liang Q, Zhang E, Shen Y, Lei S, Hu W. An intermolecular hydrogen bond plays a determining role in product selection of a surface confined Schiff-base reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6495-6498. [PMID: 34100485 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we illustrate how the cooperation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and conformation flexibility leads to the formation of diverse complex covalent nanostructures on the surface, while the relative abundance of the final products can be further tuned by adjusting the molar ratio and concentration of monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guangyuan Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Qiu Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Enbing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yongtao Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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31
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Khan SB, Lee SL. Supramolecular Chemistry: Host-Guest Molecular Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:3995. [PMID: 34208882 PMCID: PMC8271753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, researchers have emphasized practical approaches for capturing coordinated and selective guest entrap. The physisorbed nanoporous supramolecular complexes have been widely used to restrain various guest species on compact supporting surfaces. The host-guest (HG) interactions in two-dimensional (2D) permeable porous linkages are growing expeditiously due to their future applications in biocatalysis, separation technology, or nanoscale patterning. The different crystal-like nanoporous network has been acquired to enclose and trap guest molecules of various dimensions and contours. The host centers have been lumped together via noncovalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals (vdW) interactions, or coordinate bonds). In this review article, we enlighten and elucidate recent progress in HG chemistry, explored via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We summarize the synthesis, design, and characterization of typical HG structural design examined on various substrates, under ambient surroundings at the liquid-solid (LS) interface, or during ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). We emphasize isoreticular complexes, vibrant HG coordination, or hosts functional cavities responsive to the applied stimulus. Finally, we critically discuss the significant challenges in advancing this developing electrochemical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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32
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Xia R, Zheng X, Li C, Yuan X, Wang J, Xie Z, Jing X. Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks with Donor-Acceptor Structure for Enhanced Photothermal Ablation of Tumors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7638-7648. [PMID: 33792303 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown great potential in catalysis and the biomedical fields, but monodisperse COFs with tunable sizes are hard to obtain. Herein, we successfully developed a series of COFs based on electron donor-acceptor strategy in mild conditions. The synthetic COFs exhibit excellent colloidal stability with uniform spherical morphology. The sizes can be flexibly adjusted by the amount of catalyst, and the absorption spectra also vary with the sizes. By changing the electron-donating ability of the monomers, the corresponding COFs possess a wide range of absorption spectra, which can be even extended to the second near-infrared biowindow. The obtained COFs possess potent photothermal activity under laser irradiation, and could inhibit the growth of tumors effectively. This work provides a strategy for the synthesis of monodisperse COFs with variable absorption for their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
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34
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Li Y, Guo L, Lv Y, Zhao Z, Ma Y, Chen W, Xing G, Jiang D, Chen L. Polymorphism of 2D Imine Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5363-5369. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Li
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Linshuo Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yongkang Lv
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ziqiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center Zhengzhou University Henan 450001 China
| | - Guolong Xing
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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35
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Cui Z, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Han Q, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zou Z. A new triazine-based conjugated polymer from simple monomers with stable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hu J, Gupta SK, Ozdemir J, Beyzavi MH. Applications of Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Concept towards Tailored Covalent Organic Framework Nanomaterials: A Review. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6239-6269. [PMID: 34327307 PMCID: PMC8317485 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a rapidly developing class of materials that has been of immense research interest during the last ten years. Numerous reviews have been devoted to summarizing the synthesis and applications of COFs. However, the underlying dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC), which is the foundation of COFs synthesis, has never been systematically reviewed in this context. Dynamic covalent chemistry is the practice of using thermodynamic equilibriums to molecular assemblies. This Critical Review will cover the state-of-the-art use of DCC to both synthesize COFs and expand the applications of COFs. Five synthetic strategies for COF synthesis are rationalized, namely: modulation, mixed linker/linkage, sub-stoichiometric reaction, framework isomerism, and linker exchange, which highlight the dynamic covalent chemistry to regulate the growth and to modify the properties of COFs. Furthermore, the challenges in these approaches and potential future perspectives in the field of COF chemistry are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Suraj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - John Ozdemir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - M Hassan Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
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Jin Y, Hu Y, Ortiz M, Huang S, Ge Y, Zhang W. Confined growth of ordered organic frameworks at an interface. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4637-4666. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00879a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review covers the recent design, synthesis, characterization, and property study of COF thin films and covalent monolayers through interfacial polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Michael Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | | | - Yanqing Ge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
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38
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Haase F, Lotsch BV. Solving the COF trilemma: towards crystalline, stable and functional covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8469-8500. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies in covalent organic frameworks and adjacent fields are highlighted for designing stable, ordered and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Haase
- Institute of Functional Interfaces
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Nanochemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
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39
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Liang RR, Jiang SY, A RH, Zhao X. Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with hierarchical porosity. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3920-3951. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the state-of-the-art progress achieved in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with hierarchical porosity, an emerging class of COFs constructed by integrating different types of pores into one framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ran Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shu-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ru-Han A
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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40
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Li J, Jing X, Li Q, Li S, Gao X, Feng X, Wang B. Bulk COFs and COF nanosheets for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3565-3604. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current advances, structure-property relationship and future perspectives in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their nanosheets for electrochemical energy storage (EES) and conversion (EEC) are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Xuechun Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Qingqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Siwu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Xing Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
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41
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Cui D, Perepichka DF, MacLeod JM, Rosei F. Surface-confined single-layer covalent organic frameworks: design, synthesis and application. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2020-2038. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00456d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the state of the art of surface-confined single-layer covalent organic frameworks, focusing on reticular design, synthesis approaches, and exploring applications in host/guest chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | | | - Jennifer M. MacLeod
- Centre Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
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42
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Rodríguez-San-Miguel D, Montoro C, Zamora F. Covalent organic framework nanosheets: preparation, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2291-2302. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00890j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks are crystalline porous materials with 2- or 3-dimensional structures designed modularly from their molecular precursors. Using bottom-up or top-down strategies, single- or few-layer materials can be obtained from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Rodríguez-San-Miguel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - C. Montoro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - F. Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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43
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Chen X, Geng K, Liu R, Tan KT, Gong Y, Li Z, Tao S, Jiang Q, Jiang D. Kovalente organische Gerüstverbindungen: chemische Ansätze für Designerstrukturen und integrierte Funktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Keyu Geng
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Ke Tian Tan
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Yifan Gong
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Zhongping Li
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Qiuhong Jiang
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapur 117543 Singapur
- Joint School of National University of Singapore, and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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44
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Chen X, Geng K, Liu R, Tan KT, Gong Y, Li Z, Tao S, Jiang Q, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Chemical Approaches to Designer Structures and Built-In Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:5050-5091. [PMID: 31144373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new approach has been developed to design organic polymers using topology diagrams. This strategy enables covalent integration of organic units into ordered topologies and creates a new polymer form, that is, covalent organic frameworks. This is a breakthrough in chemistry because it sets a molecular platform for synthesizing polymers with predesignable primary and high-order structures, which has been a central aim for over a century but unattainable with traditional design principles. This new field has its own features that are distinct from conventional polymers. This Review summarizes the fundamentals as well as major progress by focusing on the chemistry used to design structures, including the principles, synthetic strategies, and control methods. We scrutinize built-in functions that are specific to the structures by revealing various interplays and mechanisms involved in the expression of function. We propose major fundamental issues to be addressed in chemistry as well as future directions from physics, materials, and application perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Keyu Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ke Tian Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yifan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhongping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qiuhong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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45
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Vardhan H, Nafady A, Al-Enizi AM, Ma S. Pore surface engineering of covalent organic frameworks: structural diversity and applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21679-21708. [PMID: 31720658 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Connecting molecular building blocks by covalent bonds to form extended crystalline structures has caused a sharp upsurge in the field of porous materials, especially covalent organic frameworks (COFs), thereby translating the accuracy, precision, and versatility of covalent chemistry from discrete molecules to two-dimensional and three-dimensional crystalline structures. COFs are crystalline porous frameworks prepared by a bottom-up approach from predesigned symmetric units with well-defined structural properties such as a high surface area, distinct pores, cavities, channels, thermal and chemical stability, structural flexibility and functional design. Due to the tedious and sometimes impossible introduction of certain functionalities into COFs via de novo synthesis, pore surface engineering through judicious functionalization with a range of substituents under ambient or harsh conditions using the principle of coordination chemistry, chemical conversion, and building block exchange is of profound importance. In this review, we aim to summarize dynamic covalent chemistry and framework linkage in the context of design features, different methods and perspectives of pore surface engineering along with their versatile roles in a plethora of applications such as biomedical, gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing, energy storage and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Vardhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida-33620, USA.
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46
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Cui D, Fang Y, MacLean O, Perepichka DF, Rosei F, Clair S. Covalent organic frameworks from a monomer with reduced symmetry: polymorphism and Sierpiński triangles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13586-13589. [PMID: 31657366 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05674b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of a covalent organic framework based on the low-symmetry 1,3-benzenediboronic acid precursor. Two distinct polymorphs are obtained, a honeycomb network and Sierpiński triangles, as elucidated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Control over polymorph formation was achieved by varying the precursor concentration for on-surface synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Oliver MacLean
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Sylvain Clair
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada. and Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France.
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47
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Effect of backbone aspect ratio on the surface-confined self-assembly of tetratopic molecular building blocks. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Nieckarz D, Szabelski P. Surface-Confined Self-Assembly of Asymmetric Tetratopic Molecular Building Blocks. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1850-1859. [PMID: 31095854 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface-confined self-assembly of functional molecular building blocks has recently been widely used to create low-dimensional, also covalent, superstructures with tailorable geometry and physicochemical properties. In this contribution, using the lattice Monte Carlo simulation method, we demonstrate how the structure-property relation can be established for the 2D self-assembly of a model tetrapod molecule with reduced symmetry. To that end, a rigid functional unit comprising a few interconnected segments arranged in different tetrapod shapes was used and its self-assembly on a triangular lattice representing a (111) crystal surface was simulated. The results of our calculations show strong dependence of the structure formation on the molecular symmetry, in particular on the (pro)chiral nature of the building block. The simulations predicted the formation of unusual ordered racemic networks with unique aperiodic spatial distribution of the surface enantiomers. Molecular symmetry was also found to have significant influence on the enantiopure self-assembly which resulted in the Kagome and brickwall networks and other less ordered extended superstructures with parallelogram pores. The theoretical findings of this contribution can be relevant to designing and on-surface synthesis of molecular superstructures with predefined geometries and functions. In particular, the predicted molecular architectures can stimulate experimental efforts to fabricate and explore new nanostructures, for example graphitic, having the composition and geometry proposed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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49
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Gutierrez A, Buchet M, Clair S. Persistent Homology to Quantify the Quality of Surface‐Supported Covalent Networks. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2286-2291. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Gutierrez
- Institute of Discrete MathematicsGraz University of Technology Steyrergasse 30 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Mickaël Buchet
- Institute of Discrete MathematicsGraz University of Technology Steyrergasse 30 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Sylvain Clair
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ ToulonCNRS, IM2NP Marseille France
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50
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