1
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Liu L, Cai L, Xiao H, Lai Y, Liu Y, Zhou X, Yin J, Yang J, Chen K, Yin P. Supramolecular Assembly and Microscopic Dynamics Modulation of Nanoscale Inorganic Cryptand and Polymer Complex for Versatile Design of Flexible Single-Ion Conductors. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2669-2676. [PMID: 36939274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The popular design of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) from the chain relaxation of polymers faces the trade-offs among ion conductivity, stability, and processability. Herein, 2 nm inorganic cryptand molecules with the capability to carry different types of cations, including Ag+, Na+, K+, and Ca2+, are complexed with cationic polymers via ionic interaction, respectively, and the hybrid materials further phase separate into lamellar or hexagonal columnar structures. The successful establishment of ordered structures with ion channels from the packing of inorganic cryptands confers SSEs' excellent ionic conductivity to versatile types of cations. Meanwhile, suggested from the combination of broad dielectric spectroscopy, rheology, and thermal analysis, the fast chain relaxation can activate the dynamics of inorganic cryptand molecules and facilitate the ion hopping process in ion channels. The supramolecular interaction in the complex enables the highly flexible physical appearance for defect-free contact with electrodes as well as cost-effective processability and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Linkun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiafu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Panchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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2
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Ding SP, Zhang ZK, Ye Z, Xia DL, Xu JT. Electrostatic crosslinking-enabled highly asymmetric lamellar nanostructures of polyzwitterionic block copolymers for lithography. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4553-4560. [PMID: 36757829 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For the bulk self-assembly of traditional diblock copolymers (di-BCPs), lamellar structures only occur when two constituents have similar volume fractions (f) and two alternating layers tend to have similar thicknesses. Highly asymmetric lamellar (A-LAM) structures, in which the thickness of one layer is several times higher than the other, are hardly formed in di-BCPs, while they have potential applications in nanolithography. In this work, A-LAM structures with different dimensions were constructed using a type of simple linear di-BCP, polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)propane-1-sulfonate (PS-b-PVPS) with the polyzwitterionic block PVPS in minority. The origin of the A-LAM structure was ascribed to the electrostatic crosslinking and confirmed by doping PS-b-PVPS block copolymers (BCPs) with N-butyl pyridinium methane sulfonate (BPMS). The morphology of compositionally asymmetric PS-b-PVPS BCPs changed from A-LAM to cylindrical structures upon salt-doping, i.e. the phase behavior of common BCPs was recovered. In addition, the morphologies of PS-b-PVPS BCPs with similar molecular weights but varied compositions were also studied, and only two kinds of structures (lamellar or ill-defined spherical structure) were observed when the volume fraction of PVPS (fPVPS) was less than 0.5, and the composition range for the formation of the lamellar structure was found to be fPVPS ≥ 0.188.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ze-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ze Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ding-Li Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jun-Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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3
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Weng L, Ma M, Yin C, Fei ZX, Yang KK, Ross CA, Shi LY. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Silicon-Containing Azobenzene Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Weng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mingchao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chenxiao Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Fei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ke-Ke Yang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Caroline A. Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Zhou Y, Luo J, Liu T, Wen T, Williams-Pavlantos K, Wesdemiotis C, Cheng SZD, Liu T. Molecular Geometry-Directed Self-Recognition in the Self-Assembly of Giant Amphiphiles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200216. [PMID: 35557023 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Three sets of polyoxometalate (POM)-based amphiphilic hybrid macromolecules with different rigidity in their organic tails are used as models to understand the effect of molecular rigidity on their possible self-recognition feature during self-assembly processes. Self-recognition is achieved in the mixed solution of two structurally similar, sphere-rigid T-shape-linked oligofluorene(TOF4 ) rod amphiphiles, with the hydrophilic clusters being Anderson (Anderson-TOF4 ) and Dawson (Dawson-TOF4 ), respectively. Anderson-TOF4 is observed to self-assemble into onion-like multilayer structures and Dawson-TOF4 forms multilayer vesicles. The self-assembly is controlled by the interdigitation of hydrophobic rods and the counterion-mediated attraction among charged hydrophilic inorganic clusters. When the hydrophobic blocks are less rigid, e.g., partially rigid polystyrene and fully flexible alkyl chains, self-recognition is not observed, attributing to the flexible conformation of hydrophobic molecules in the solvophobic domain. This study reveals that the self-recognition among amphiphiles can be achieved by the geometrical limitation of the supramolecular structure due to the rigidity of solvophobic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Jiancheng Luo
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Tao Wen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 50610, China
| | | | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Stephen Z D Cheng
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.,South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 50610, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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5
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Yan X, Hou B, Shao Y, Xu YC, Li WY, Guo QY, He J, Ni P, Zhang WB. ABC-Type, Bola-Form Giant Surfactants: Synthesis and Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200319. [PMID: 35652408 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the fast phase separation kinetics and small feature size, the self-assembly of giant molecules has attracted lots of attention. However, there is not much study on multicomponent giant surfactants. In this work, through a modular synthetic strategy, different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based molecular nanoparticles are installed with diverse functionalities (hydrophobic octavinyl POSS (VPOSS), hydrophilic dihydroxyl-functionalized POSS (DPOSS), and omniphobic perfluoroalkyl-chain-functionalized POSS (FPOSS)) on the ends of one polystyrene (PS) chain to build up a series of triblock bola-form giant surfactants denoted as XPOSS-PSn -FPOSS (X represents V or D). The target molecules are prepared by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), esterification, as well as Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and thiol-ene "click" reactions. These macromolecules are thoroughly characterized by combined technologies including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analyses. It is revealed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that VPOSS-PSn -FPOSS adopts a two-phase separation scenario where VPOSS and POSS are segregated in one phase. DPOSS-PSn -FPOSS with a third hydrophilic DPOSS shows a three-phase separation scenario, where highly ordered phase structures are difficult to develop owing to the competition of mutual phase separation processes and may be trapped in kinetically metastable states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yun Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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6
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Liu X, Tang L, Chen Y, Fu M, Guo ZH, Tang W, Yue K. Solvent-Free Templated Synthesis of Core-Crosslinked Star-Shaped Polymers in Supramolecular Body-Centered Cubic Phase. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200292. [PMID: 35578983 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the exploration of a solvent-free supramolecular templated synthesis strategy toward highly core-cross-linked star-shaped polymers (CSPs). To achieve this, a kind of cross-linkable giant surfactant, based on a functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) head tethered with a diblock copolymer tail containing reactive benzocyclobutene groups, is designed and prepared. By varying the volume fraction of linear block copolymer tail, these giant surfactants can self-assemble into a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure in bulk, in which the supramolecular spheres are composed of a core of POSS cages, a middle shell of crosslinkable poly(4-vinylbenzocyclobutene) (PBCB) blocks, and a corona of inert polystyrene (PS) blocks. The solvent-free thermally induced cross-linking reaction of the benzocyclobutene groups can be finished in 5 min upon heating, resulting in well-defined polymeric spheres with over 90 linear chains surrounding the cross-linked cores. The outer PS blocks serve as the protection corona to ensure that cross-linking of giant surfactants occurs in each supramolecular spherical domain. Given the modular design and diversity of the POSS-based giant surfactants, it is believed that the strategy may enable access to a wide range of CSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lei Tang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mi Fu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen Tang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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7
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Progress in polymer single-chain based hybrid nanoparticles. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Dascalu M, Stoica AC, Bele A, Macsim AM, Bargan A, Varganici CD, Stiubianu GT, Racles C, Shova S, Cazacu M. Octakis(Carboxyalkyl-Thioethyl)Silsesquioxanes and Derived Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity Assessments. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Jiang F, Chen Y, Ye Z, Pang S, Xu B. Efficient synthesis of POSS based amphiphilic nanoparticles via thiol-ene "click" reaction to improve foam stability. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Song Q, Dong Q, Dong XH, Zhu YL, Li W. Self-Assembly Behaviors of Giant Amphiphiles Containing Cubic Cage-like “Monomers”. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingshu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue-Hui Dong
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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Xu X, Shao Y, Wang W, Liao J, Liu H, Zhang W, Zhang WB, Yang S. Phase Behaviors of Giant Surfactants with Different Numbers of Fluorinated Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane "Heads" and One Poly(ethylene oxide) "Tail" at the Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11084-11092. [PMID: 34493039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Giant surfactants with different numbers of aryl-trifluorovinyl ether-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (FVPOSS) heads and one poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) tail, (FVPOSS)n-PEO227, are precisely synthesized. The phase behaviors of (FVPOSS)n-PEO227 at the air-water interface were investigated through surface pressure measurements (isotherm and hysteresis experiments) and the Brewster angle microscopy. Upon increasing the number of FVPOSS heads, the interfacial behaviors of these giant surfactants greatly change. More phase transitions occur during the compression as the number of FVPOSS heads increased from one to two and three. The evolution of morphologies of Langmuir films and compression-expansion hysteresis curves further illustrate phase transitions at the air-water interface. Furthermore, molecular mechanisms to describe phase transitions of (FVPOSS)n-PEO227 at the interface are put forward. This study deepens the understanding of interfacial phase behaviors of special giant surfactants and provides knowledge of nanostructure design and construction at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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12
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Guo QY, Yan XY, Zhang W, Li XH, Xu Y, Dai S, Liu Y, Zhang BX, Feng X, Yin J, Han D, Huang J, Su Z, Liu T, Huang M, Hsu CH, Cheng SZD. Ordered Mesoporous Silica Pyrolyzed from Single-Source Self-Assembled Organic-Inorganic Giant Surfactants. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12935-12942. [PMID: 34387467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation of hexagonal mesoporous silica from single-source giant surfactants constructed via dihydroxyl-functionlized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DPOSS) heads and a polystyrene (PS) tail. After thermal annealing, the obtained well-ordered hexagonal hybrid was pyrolyzed to afford well-ordered mesoporous silica. A high porosity (e.g., 581 m2/g) and a uniform and narrow pore size distribution (e.g., 3.3 nm) were achieved. Mesoporous silica in diverse shapes and morphologies were achieved by processing the precursor. When the PS tail length was increased, the pore size expanded accordingly. Moreover, such pyrolyzed, ordered mesoporous silica can help to increase both efficiency and stability of nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xiao-Yun Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xing-Han Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuqi Dai
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Bo-Xing Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jiafu Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Di Han
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zebin Su
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Stephen Z D Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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13
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Zhang X, Li ZW, Wu Y, Ge X, Su L, Feng H, Wu Z, Yang H, Song J. Highly Controlled Janus Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite as a Versatile Photoacoustic Platform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17647-17653. [PMID: 34041827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the structural order of nanoparticles (NPs), morphology, and composition is of paramount significance in tailoring the physical properties of nanoassembly. However, the commonly reported symmetrical nanocomposites often suffer an interference or sacrifice of the photophysical properties of the original components. To address this challenge, we developed a novel type of organic-inorganic Janus nanocomposite (JNCP) with an asymmetric architecture, offering unique features such as the precisely controlled localization of components, combined modular optical properties, and independent stimuli. As a proof of concept, JNCPs were prepared by incorporating two photoacoustic (PA) imaging agents, namely an organic semiconducting dye and responsive gold nanoparticles (AuNP) assembly in separate compartments of JNCP. Theoretical simulation results confirmed that the formation mechanism of JNCPs arises from the entropy equilibrium in the system. The AuNP assembly generated a PA images with the variation of pH, while the semiconducting molecule served as an internal PA standard agent, leading to ratiometric PA imaging of pH. JNCP based probe holds great potential for real-time and accurate detection of diverse biological targets in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Su
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zongsheng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang X, Li Z, Wu Y, Ge X, Su L, Feng H, Wu Z, Yang H, Song J. Highly Controlled Janus Organic‐Inorganic Nanocomposite as a Versatile Photoacoustic Platform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhan‐Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Lichao Su
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zongsheng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
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15
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Xu FR, Shi R, Jia XM, Chai SC, Li HL, Qian HJ, Lu ZY. Block-copolymer-like self-assembly behavior of mobile-ligand grafted ultra-small nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5897-5906. [PMID: 34037067 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00393c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study the self-assembly behavior of polyoxometalate (POM) nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with mobile polymer ligands under melt conditions. We demonstrate that due to the mobile nature of the grafted ligands on the NP surface, NPs have the ability to expose a part of their surfaces, leading to a block-copolymer-like self-assembly behavior. The exposed NP surface serves as one block and the grafted ligand polymers as another. This system has a strong ability to self-assemble into long-range ordered structures such as block copolymers due to large incompatibility between POM and ligand polymers, i.e., POM NPs can form lamellar, cylindrical, and spherical structures, which are consistent with previous experimental results. More importantly, these ordered structures are on the sub-10 nm scale, which is an important requirement for many applications. At low graft density, we find a new inverse-cylindrical structure formation where polymers form cylinders and POMs form a continuous network structure. A full self-assembly phase diagram is constructed which illustrates rules to manipulate the self-assembly structures of NPs decorated with mobile polymer ligands. We hope that these computational results will be useful for the new design of nanostructures with improved optical or electronic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Rui Xu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China. and State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China. and State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiang-Meng Jia
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China. and State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hao-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hu-Jun Qian
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China. and State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China. and State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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16
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Ji MS, Guo QY, Yan XY, Liu Y, Wu YJ, Yue K, Guo ZH. Crystallization Induced Self-Assembly: A Strategy to Achieve Ultra-Small Domain Sizes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7992-7997. [PMID: 33830540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Achieving self-assembled nanostructures with ultra-small feature sizes (e. g., below 5 nm) is an important prerequisite for the development of block copolymer lithography. In this work, the preparation and self-assembly of a series of giant molecules composed of vinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (VPOSS) tethered with monodispersed oligo(L-lactide) chains are presented. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results demonstrate that ultra-small domain sizes (down to 3 nm) of phase separated lamellar morphology are achieved in bulk, driven by the strong tendency and fast kinetics for crystallization of VPOSS moieties. Moreover, upon gamma ray radiation, VPOSS cages in the lamellar structure can be crosslinked via polymerization of the vinyl groups. After pyrolysis at high temperature, ultra-thin two-dimensional nano-silica sheets can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Ji
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yun Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Wu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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17
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An S, Hao A, Xing P. Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxanes in Functional Chiral Nanoassemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9902-9912. [PMID: 33529451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of giant molecular nanoparticles with atomic precision into chiral nanoassemblies facilitates the fabrication of functional ordered phases with supramolecular chirality, which remains mysterious. Reported here is the first example of polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives that self-assemble into well-defined chiral nanoassemblies. POSSs were covalently conjugated to N-terminal aromatic amino acids, which self-assembled into nanohelices and twists with explicit handedness tuned by solvent polarity. Chiral nanoassemblies showed active chiroptical responses including Cotton effects and circularly polarized luminescence. The chiral systems can bind guest molecules by charge-transfer interactions, whereby self-assembled structures, chiroptical activities, and luminescent colors were further modulated. The unique coassembly systems were applied for instant information encryption and storage with multiple luminescent displays. This work offers a new protocol for the design of functional chiral materials of POSS by molecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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18
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An S, Hao A, Xing P. Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxanes in Functional Chiral Nanoassemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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19
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Shi LY, Lee S, Du Q, Zhou B, Weng L, Liu R, Ross CA. Bending Behavior and Directed Self-Assembly of Rod-Coil Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10437-10445. [PMID: 33606493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of zigzags, chevrons, Y-junctions, and line segments is demonstrated in thin films formed from cylindrical morphology silicon-containing conformationally asymmetric rod-coil diblock copolymers and triblock terpolymers under solvent annealing. Directed self-assembly of the block copolymers within trenches yields well-ordered cylindrical microdomains oriented either parallel or transverse to the sidewalls depending on the chemical functionalization of the sidewalls, and the location and structure of concentric bends in the cylinders is determined by the shape of the trenches. The innate etching contrast, the spontaneous sharp bends and junctions, and the range of demonstrated periodicity and line/space ratios make these conformationally asymmetric rod-coil polymers attractive for nanoscale pattern generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qingyang Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Weng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Runze Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Shi LY, Yin C, Zhou B, Xia W, Weng L, Ross CA. Annealing Process Dependence of the Self-Assembly of Rod–Coil Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chengxiao Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Xia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Weng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Caroline A. Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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21
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Yan X, Guo Q, Lin Z, Liu X, Yuan J, Wang J, Wang H, Liu Y, Su Z, Liu T, Huang J, Zhang R, Wang Y, Huang M, Zhang W, Cheng SZD. Geometry‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Polymeric Molecular Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yun Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Qing‐Yun Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Xian‐You Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jun Yuan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jing Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry Lehigh University 6 E Packer Avenue Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Zebin Su
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Ruimeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Yicong Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
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22
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Yan X, Guo Q, Lin Z, Liu X, Yuan J, Wang J, Wang H, Liu Y, Su Z, Liu T, Huang J, Zhang R, Wang Y, Huang M, Zhang W, Cheng SZD. Geometry‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Polymeric Molecular Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2024-2029. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yun Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Qing‐Yun Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Xian‐You Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jun Yuan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jing Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry Lehigh University 6 E Packer Avenue Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Zebin Su
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Ruimeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Yicong Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
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23
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Watanabe K, Katsuhara S, Mamiya H, Kawamura Y, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. Highly asymmetric lamellar nanostructures from nanoparticle-linear hybrid block copolymers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16526-16534. [PMID: 32729868 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05209d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The highly asymmetric lamellar (A-LAM) nanostructure is one of the most important template geometries for block copolymer (BCP) lithography. However, A-LAM is unattainable from conventional BCPs, and there is no general molecular design strategy for A-LAM-forming BCP. Herein, a nanoparticle-linear hybrid BCP system is reported, which is designed based on the intramolecular crosslinking technique, as a remarkably effective platform to obtain the A-LAM morphology. The hybrid BCPs consisting of polystyrene single-chain nanoparticles and linear polylactide segments show a remarkable capability to form the A-LAM morphology in bulk, where a maximum width ratio of 4.1 between the two domains is obtained. This unusual phase behavior is attributed to the bulky and rigid characteristics of the nanoparticle block. Furthermore, the thin films of these hybrid BCPs show perpendicularly oriented A-LAM morphology on a chemically modified Si substrate, allowing promising application in the fabrication of asymmetric line-and-space nanopatterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katsuhara
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mamiya
- Quantum Beam Unit, Advanced Key Technologies Division, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Kawamura
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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24
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Li Z, Hu J, Yang L, Zhang X, Liu X, Wang Z, Li Y. Integrated POSS-dendrimer nanohybrid materials: current status and future perspective. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11395-11415. [PMID: 32432308 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-dendrimer hybrid materials have attracted great interest in the past ten years. The integration of inorganic POSS and organic dendrimer blocks in a single-phase material offers numerous possibilities to access desirable mechanical, optical, and biomedical properties for various applications. In this review article, we describe several kinds of POSS-dendrimer hybrid materials (POSS as the core, surface functionality, repeating unit of dendrimers and the POSS-dendron conjugates) with an emphasis on their synthetic strategies, tunable macroscopic properties, and potential applications. Moreover, the current trends, challenges and future directions of POSS-dendrimer hybrid materials are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Junfei Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xianhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Pritzker School of Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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25
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Shi LY, Lan J, Lee S, Cheng LC, Yager KG, Ross CA. Vertical Lamellae Formed by Two-Step Annealing of a Rod-Coil Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer Thin Film. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4289-4297. [PMID: 32182037 PMCID: PMC7309319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-containing block copolymer thin films with high interaction parameter and etch contrast are ideal candidates to generate robust nanotemplates for advanced nanofabrication, but they typically form in-plane oriented microdomains as a result of the dissimilar surface energies of the blocks. Here, we describe a two-step annealing method to produce vertically aligned lamellar structures in thin film of a silicon-containing rod-coil thermotropic liquid crystalline block copolymer. The rod-coil block copolymer with the volume fraction of the Si-containing block of 0.22 presents an asymmetrical lamellar structure in which the rod block forms a hexatic columnar nematic liquid crystalline phase. A solvent vapor annealing step first produces well-ordered in-plane cylinders of the Si-containing block, then a subsequent thermal annealing promotes the phase transition from in-plane cylinders to vertical lamellae. The pathways of the order-order transition were examined by microscopy and in situ using grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ji Lan
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li-Chen Cheng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Caroline A. Ross
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Su Z, Zhang R, Yan XY, Guo QY, Huang J, Shan W, Liu Y, Liu T, Huang M, Cheng SZ. The role of architectural engineering in macromolecular self-assemblies via non-covalent interactions: A molecular LEGO approach. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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27
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Abstract
Cage-like silsesquioxanes are considered to be ideal and versatile building blocks of hybrid materials due to their unique structures and excellent performance. This Perspective highlights recent advances in the field of cage-like silsesquioxane-based hybrid materials, ranging from monomer functionalization and materials preparation to application. The existing issues are reviewed and the challenges and prospects in this field are also discussed for further development and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Du
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
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28
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Wang J, Liu Y, Yu J, Sun Y, Xie W. Study of POSS on the Properties of Novel Inorganic Dental Composite Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020478. [PMID: 32093186 PMCID: PMC7077635 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Various amounts of methacryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were explored to be incorporated into novel nano SiO2 dental resin composites using light curing method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nanoindentation, nanoscratch and three-point flexure tests were performed. The volumetric shrinkage and mechanical properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, resistance, flexural strength and fracture energy were analyzed. With the additions of POSS, the volume shrinkage decreased and the mechanical properties initially increased. The effects of POSS on these properties were studied to provide a reference for clinically selecting a composite resin with excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- College of materials, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianxin Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Weili Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
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29
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Xu X, Shao Y, Wang W, Zhu L, Liu H, Yang S. Fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) giant surfactants: precise synthesis and interfacial behaviors. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Highly thermally stable mesoporous Poly(cyanate ester) featuring double-decker–shaped polyhedral silsesquioxane framework. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Bai Y, He S, Lian Y, Dai C, Zhang H. Giant surfactant-stabilized N 2-foam for enhanced oil recovery after water flooding. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31551-31562. [PMID: 35527954 PMCID: PMC9072561 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel giant surfactant, APOSS-PS50, possessing good surface activity, and viscosifying and reinforcing ability as a foam stabilizer, was synthesized successfully to enhance the physical properties of foaming solutions and foam. APOSS-PS50 was widely distributed at the foam gas–liquid interface and adjacent liquid layers through diffusion and adsorption, obviously decreasing the surface tension and improving the foamability and stability of the foam. Furthermore, the aggregation of APOSS-PS50 in the foam films resulted in the formation of a self-assembled nano-sized network through supramolecular interactions (such as hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, and van der Waals attraction), thus increasing the foam viscoelasticity, including its interfacial viscoelastic modulus and apparent viscosity. Meanwhile, from the sandpack flooding experiments, compared with HPAM/AOS (HPAM: partially hydrolyzed acrylamide and AOS: alpha olefin sulfonate), the differential pressure and final oil recovery after APOSS-PS50/AOS foam flooding increased by 23.5% and 23.2%, up to 2.68 MPa and 81.7%, respectively. In general, APOSS-PS50 significantly promoted the plugging, profile control and oil displacement performance of foam. A giant surfactant with high surface activity and strong viscosifying ability was prepared through a facile one-pot procedure for foam stabilization in EOR projects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Shaoqun He
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266580 P. R. China
| | - Yue Lian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Caili Dai
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266580 P. R. China
| | - Huaihao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
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32
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Zhang J, Si D, Wang S, Liu H, Chen X, Zhou H, Yang M, Zhang G. Novel Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Star Polymer Surface-Crosslinked with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Huang J, Liu T, Xu W, Cheng SZD, Dong XH. Engineering self-assembly of giant molecules in the condensed state based on molecular nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7108-7116. [PMID: 31482930 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In biological systems, it is well-known that the activities and functions of biomacromolecules are dictated not only by their primary chemistries, but also by their secondary, tertiary, and quaternary hierarchical structures. Achieving control of similar levels in synthetic macromolecules is yet to be demonstrated. Most of the critical molecular parameters associated with molecular and hierarchical structures, such as size, composition, topology, sequence, and stereochemistry, are heterogenous, which impedes the exploration and understanding of structure formation and manipulation. Alternatively, in the past few years we have developed a unique giant molecule system based on molecular nanoparticles, in which the above-mentioned molecular parameters, as well as interactions, are precisely defined and controlled. These molecules could self-assemble into a myriad of unconventional and unique structures in the bulk, thin films, and solution. Giant molecules thus offer a robust platform to manipulate the hierarchical structures via precise and modular assemblies of building blocks in an amplified size level compared with small molecules. It has been found that they are not only scientifically intriguing, but also technologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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34
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Chen F, Lin F, Zhang Q, Cai R, Wu Y, Ma X. Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Hybrid Polymers: Well‐Defined Architectural Design and Potential Functional Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900101. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518097 P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and ChemistryMinistry of EducationNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 P. R. China
| | - Feng Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and ChemistryMinistry of EducationNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and ChemistryMinistry of EducationNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 P. R. China
| | - Rong Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and ChemistryMinistry of EducationNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 P. R. China
| | - Yadong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and ChemistryMinistry of EducationNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518097 P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and ChemistryMinistry of EducationNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 P. R. China
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35
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Shi LY, Liao F, Cheng LC, Lee S, Ran R, Shen Z, Ross CA. Core-Shell and Zigzag Nanostructures from a Thin Film Silicon-Containing Conformationally Asymmetric Triblock Terpolymer. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:852-858. [PMID: 35619504 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of multiblock copolymers generates diverse hierarchical nanostructures and greatly extends the range of microdomain geometries beyond those produced by diblock copolymers. We report the synthesis of a conformationally asymmetric ABC triblock terpolymer in which the end blocks are a mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymer and poly(dimethylsiloxane), respectively, and its self-assembly under mixed solvent vapor annealing forms a range of sphere, cylinder, and perforated lamellar core-shell morphologies, as well as stacked multilevel structures. Sub-7 nm diameter SiOx nanopatterns were generated by selective plasma etching of the small volume fraction Si-containing core block giving a line/space ratio of ∼1:4. Moreover, the conformational asymmetry of this terpolymer leads to zigzag cylinders on a flat substrate and stable cylinder alignment transverse to template sidewalls within lithographically patterned trenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fen Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li-Chen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rong Ran
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Caroline A. Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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36
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Barreda L, Shen Z, Chen QP, Lodge TP, Siepmann JI, Hillmyer MA. Synthesis, Simulation, and Self-Assembly of a Model Amphiphile To Push the Limits of Block Polymer Nanopatterning. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4458-4462. [PMID: 31188012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to create block-polymer-based templates with ultrasmall domain sizes has stimulated integrated experimental and theoretical work in an effort to design and prepare self-assembled systems that can achieve unprecedented domain sizes. We recently reported the utilization of molecular dynamics simulations with transferable force fields to identify amphiphilic oligomers capable of self-assembling into ordered layered and cylindrical morphologies with sub-3 nm domain sizes. Motivated by these predictions, we prepared a sugar-based amphiphile with a hydrocarbon tail that shows thermotropic self-assembly to give a lamellar mesophase with a 3.5 nm pitch and sub-2 nm nanodomains above the melting temperature and below the liquid-crystalline clearing temperature. Complementary atomistic simulations of the molecular assemblies gave morphologies and spacings that were in near-perfect agreement with the experimental results. The effective combination of molecular design, simulation, synthesis, and structural characterization demonstrates the power of this integrated approach for next-generation templating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Barreda
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Zhengyuan Shen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
- Chemical Theory Center , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0132 , United States
| | - Qile P Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
- Chemical Theory Center , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0132 , United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0132 , United States
| | - J Ilja Siepmann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
- Chemical Theory Center , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0132 , United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
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37
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Sethi GK, Jung HY, Loo WS, Sawhney S, Park MJ, Balsara NP, Villaluenga I. Structure and Thermodynamics of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Diblock Copolymers with Salt. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha Young Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | | | | | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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38
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Qian Q, Xu J, Zhang M, He J, Ni P. Versatile Construction of Single-Tailed Giant Surfactants with Hydrophobic Poly(ε-caprolactone) Tail and Hydrophilic POSS Head. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E311. [PMID: 30960295 PMCID: PMC6419185 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant surfactants refer to a new kind of amphiphile by incorporating functional molecular nanoparticles with polymer tails. As a size-amplified counterpart of small-molecule surfactants, they serve to bridge the gap between small-molecule surfactants and amphiphilic block copolymers. This work reports the design and synthesis of single-tailed giant surfactants carrying a hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as the tail and a hydrophilic cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticle as the head. The modular synthetic strategy features an efficient "growing-from" and "click-modification" approach. Starting from a monohydroxyl and heptavinyl substituted POSS (VPOSS-OH), a PCL chain with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity was first grown by the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-CL under the catalysis of stannous octoate, leading to a PCL chain end-capped with heptavinyl substituted POSS (VPOSS-PCL). To endow the POSS head with adjustable polarity and functionality, three kinds of hydrophilic groups, including hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acids, and amine groups, were installed to the periphery of POSS molecule by a high-efficiency thiol-ene "click" reaction. The compounds were fully characterized by NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and TGA analysis. In addition, the preliminary self-assembly study of these giant surfactants was also investigated by TEM and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS), which indicated that they can form spherical nanoparticles with different diameters in aqueous solution. This work affords a straightforward and versatile way for synthesizing single-tailed giant surfactants with diverse head surface functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyu Qian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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39
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Wang Y, Cui J, Han Y, Jiang W. Effect of Chain Architecture on Phase Behavior of Giant Surfactant Constructed from Nanoparticle Monotethered by Single Diblock Copolymer Chain. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:468-477. [PMID: 30562467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phase behaviors of the giant surfactant constructed from a nanoparticle (NP) monotethered by a single AB diblock copolymer chain were investigated by combining self-consistent field theory and density functional theory. Three types of giant surfactants with different chain architectures were constructed via changing the location of NP on the diblock copolymer chain. The simulation results show that the introduction of the NP can induce phase separation of the originally disordered AB diblock copolymers, and phase diagrams as a function of the chain length ratio of A block and the attraction between A block and NP were constructed for the three giant surfactant systems. Via changing the location of NP from the end of B block to the AB-junction point and to the end of A block, the conformational entropies of the systems gradually decrease, leading to a significant difference in phase behaviors. When the NP is tethered to the end of B block, the giant surfactant system has the smallest phase-separation region in the phase diagram, and the resulting ordered structures have the smallest feature sizes. However, when the NP is tethered to the end of A block, the giant surfactant system has the largest phase-separation region, as well as the largest feature sizes of ordered structures. Moreover, the distributions of the NPs within microphase-separated domain can be well tailored by changing the chain length ratio of A block or the attraction between A block and NP in all of the three giant surfactant systems. These findings provide the guideline for the preparation of polymer-nanoparticle composites with controllable morphologies, desirable feature sizes, and precise NP distributions in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , People's Republic of China
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40
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Shi LY, Lee S, Cheng LC, Huang H, Liao F, Ran R, Yager KG, Ross CA. Thin Film Self-Assembly of a Silicon-Containing Rod–Coil Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li-Chen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hejin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fen Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rong Ran
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Caroline A. Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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41
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Yue K, Liu G, Feng X, Li L, Lotz B, Cheng SZD. A few rediscovered and challenging topics in polymer crystals and crystallization. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Gengxin Liu
- Center for Advanced Low‐dimensional Materials Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xueyan Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Bernard Lotz
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS‐Universite de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio
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42
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Liao F, Shi LY, Cheng LC, Lee S, Ran R, Yager KG, Ross CA. Self-assembly of a silicon-containing side-chain liquid crystalline block copolymer in bulk and in thin films: kinetic pathway of a cylinder to sphere transition. NANOSCALE 2018; 11:285-293. [PMID: 30534671 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07685e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a high-χ silicon-containing side-chain liquid crystalline block copolymer (LC BCP) in bulk and in thin films is reported, and the structural transition process from the hexagonally packed cylinder (HEX) to the body-centered cubic structure (BCC) in thin films was examined by both reciprocal and real space experimental methods. The block copolymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-11-(4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yloxy)undecylmethacrylate) (PDMS-b-P(4CNB11C)MA) with a molecular weight of 19.5 kg mol-1 and a volume fraction of PDMS 27% self-assembled in bulk into a hierarchical nanostructure of sub-20 nm HEX cylinders of PDMS with the P(4CNB11C)MA block exhibiting a smectic LC phase with a 1.61 nm period. The structure remained HEX as the P(4CNB11C)MA block transformed to an isotropic phase at ∼120 °C. In the thin films, the PDMS cylindrical microdomains were oriented in layers parallel to the substrate surface. The LC block formed a smectic LC phase which transformed to an isotropic phase at ∼120 °C, and the microphase-separated nanostructure transformed from HEX to BCC spheres at ∼160 °C. The hierarchical structure as well as the dynamic structural transition of the thin films were characterized using in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The transient morphologies from the HEX to BCC structure in thin films were captured by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the transition pathway was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Xu L, Zhang WB. The pursuit of precision in macromolecular science: Concepts, trends, and perspectives. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chi H, Wang M, Xiao Y, Wang F, K S J. Self-Assembly and Applications of Amphiphilic Hybrid POSS Copolymers. Molecules 2018; 23:E2481. [PMID: 30262758 PMCID: PMC6222655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of molecular self-assembly to form well-organized nanostructures is essential in the field of supramolecular chemistry. Particularly, amphiphilic copolymers incorporated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) have been one of the most promising materials in material science, engineering, and biomedical fields. In this review, new ideas and research works which have been carried out over the last several years in this relatively new area with a main focus on their mechanism in self-assembly and applications are discussed. In addition, insights into the unique role of POSSs in synthesis, microphase separation, and confined size were encompassed. Finally, perspectives and challenges related to the further advancement of POSS-based amphiphilics are discussed, followed by the proposed design considerations to address the challenges that we may face in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Yiting Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Fuke Wang
- Polymeric Materials Department, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Joshy K S
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, India.
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Blanco I. The Rediscovery of POSS: A Molecule Rather than a Filler. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E904. [PMID: 30960829 PMCID: PMC6403991 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) for making polymer composites has grown exponentially since the last few years of the 20th century. In comparison with the other most commonly used fillers, POSSs possess the advantage of being molecules. Thus, this allows us to combine their nano-sized cage structures, which have dimensions that are similar to those of most polymer segments and produce a particular and exclusive chemical composition. These characteristics linked with their hybrid (inorganic⁻organic) nature allow researchers to modify POSS according to particular needs or original ideas, before incorporating them into polymers. In this present study, we first start with a brief introduction about the reasons for the rediscovery of these nanoparticles over the last 25 years. Starting from the form of POSS that is most widely used in literature (octaisobutyl POSS), this present study aims to evaluate how the reduction of symmetry through the introduction of organic groups favors their dispersion in polystyrene matrix without compromising their solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania and UdR-Catania Consorzio INSTM, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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