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Xiong Z, An Q, Chen L, Xiang Y, Li L, Zheng Y. Cell or cell derivative-laden hydrogels for myocardial infarction therapy: from the perspective of cell types. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9867-9888. [PMID: 37751281 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a global cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. To treat acute MI, various therapeutic approaches have been developed, including cells, extracellular vesicles, and biomimetic nanoparticles. However, the clinical application of these therapies is limited due to low cell viability, inadequate targetability, and rapid elimination from cardiac sites. Injectable hydrogels, with their three-dimensional porous structure, can maintain the biomechanical stabilization of hearts and the transplantation activity of cells. However, they cannot regenerate cardiomyocytes or repair broken hearts. A better understanding of the collaborative relationship between hydrogel delivery systems and cell or cell-inspired therapy will facilitate advancing innovative therapeutic strategies against MI. Following that, from the perspective of cell types, MI progression and recent studies on using hydrogel to deliver cell or cell-derived preparations for MI treatment are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of cell or cell derivative-laden hydrogels for MI therapy are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yucheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yaxian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Collet BC, Davis DR. Mechanisms of Cardiac Repair in Cell Therapy. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:825-835. [PMID: 37031061 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. More than 20 years ago, special interest was drawn to cell therapy as a means of restoring damaged hearts to working condition. But progress has not been straightforward as many of our initial assumptions turned out to be wrong. In this review, we critically examine the last 20 years of progress in cardiac cell therapy and focus on several of the popular beliefs surrounding cell therapy to illustrate the mechanisms involved in restoring heart function after cardiac injury. Are they true or false?
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice C Collet
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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3
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Parent S, Vaka R, Risha Y, Ngo C, Kanda P, Nattel S, Khan S, Courtman D, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Prevention of atrial fibrillation after open-chest surgery with extracellular vesicle therapy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163297. [PMID: 37384420 PMCID: PMC10481795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost half of patients recovering from open-chest surgery experience atrial fibrillation (AF) that results principally from inflammation in the pericardial space surrounding the heart. Given that postoperative AF is associated with increased mortality, effective measures to prevent AF after open-chest surgery are highly desirable. In this study, we tested the concept that extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human atrial explant-derived cells can prevent postoperative AF. Middle-aged female and male rats were randomized to undergo sham operation or induction of sterile pericarditis followed by trans-epicardial injection of human EVs or vehicle into the atrial tissue. Pericarditis increased the probability of inducing AF while EV treatment abrogated this effect in a sex-independent manner. EV treatment reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Atrial fibrosis and hypertrophy seen after pericarditis were markedly attenuated by EV pretreatment, an effect attributable to suppression of fibroblast proliferation by EVs. Our study demonstrates that injection of EVs at the time of open-chest surgery shows prominent antiinflammatory effects and prevents AF due to sterile pericarditis. Translation of this finding to patients might provide an effective new strategy to prevent postoperative AF by reducing atrial inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Parent
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramana Vaka
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yousef Risha
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Clarissa Ngo
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Pushpinder Kanda
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saad Khan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Courtman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darryl R. Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Cober ND, Rowe K, Deng Y, Benavente‐Babace A, Courtman DW, Godin M, Stewart DJ. Targeting extracellular vesicle delivery to the lungs by microgel encapsulation. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e94. [PMID: 38938918 PMCID: PMC11080904 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by stem and progenitor cells have significant potential as cell-free 'cellular' therapeutics. Yet, small EVs (<200 nm) are rapidly cleared after systemic administration, mainly by the liver, presenting challenges targeting EVs to a specific organ or tissue. Microencapsulation using natural nano-porous hydrogels (microgels) has been shown to enhance engraftment and increase the survival of transplanted cells. We sought to encapsulate EVs within microgels to target their delivery to the lung by virtue of their size-based retention within the pulmonary microcirculation. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) derived EVs were labelled with the lipophilic dye (DiR) and encapsulated within agarose-gelatin microgels. Endothelial cells and bone marrow derived macrophages were able to take up EVs encapsulated in microgels in vitro, but less efficiently than the uptake of free EVs. Following intrajugular administration, microgel encapsulated EVs were selectively retained within the lungs for 72h, while free EVs were rapidly cleared by the liver. Furthermore, microgel-loaded EVs demonstrated greater uptake by lung cells, in particular CD45+ immune cells, as assessed by flow cytometry compared to free EVs. Microencapsulation of EVs may be a novel tool for enhancing the targeted delivery of EVs for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Cober
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Katelynn Rowe
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Yupu Deng
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | - David W. Courtman
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Michel Godin
- Faculty of Science, Department of PhysicsUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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Han X, Alu A, Liu H, Shi Y, Wei X, Cai L, Wei Y. Biomaterial-assisted biotherapy: A brief review of biomaterials used in drug delivery, vaccine development, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:29-48. [PMID: 35386442 PMCID: PMC8958282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotherapy has recently become a hotspot research topic with encouraging prospects in various fields due to a wide range of treatments applications, as demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the broad applications of biotherapy have been limited by critical challenges, including the lack of safe and efficient delivery systems and serious side effects. Due to the unique potentials of biomaterials, such as good biocompatibility and bioactive properties, biomaterial-assisted biotherapy has been demonstrated to be an attractive strategy. The biomaterial-based delivery systems possess sufficient packaging capacity and versatile functions, enabling a sustained and localized release of drugs at the target sites. Furthermore, the biomaterials can provide a niche with specific extracellular conditions for the proliferation, differentiation, attachment, and migration of stem cells, leading to tissue regeneration. In this review, the state-of-the-art studies on the applications of biomaterials in biotherapy, including drug delivery, vaccine development, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy, have been summarized. The challenges and an outlook of biomaterial-assisted biotherapies have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulu Cai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pournemati B, Tabesh H, Jenabi A, Mehdinavaz Aghdam R, Hossein Rezayan A, Poorkhalil A, Ahmadi Tafti SH, Mottaghy K. Injectable conductive nanocomposite hydrogels for cardiac tissue engineering: Focusing on carbon and metal-based nanostructures. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamami R, Simaan-Yameen H, Gargioli C, Seliktar D. Comparison of Four Different Preparation Methods for Making Injectable Microgels for Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Alvi SB, Ahmed S, Sridharan D, Naseer Z, Pracha N, Wang H, Boudoulas KD, Zhu W, Sayed N, Khan M. De novo Drug Delivery Modalities for Treating Damaged Hearts: Current Challenges and Emerging Solutions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:742315. [PMID: 34651028 PMCID: PMC8505729 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.742315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, resulting in approximately one-third of deaths worldwide. Among CVD, acute myocardial infarctions (MI) is the leading cause of death. Current treatment modalities for treating CVD have improved over the years, but the demand for new and innovative therapies has been on the rise. The field of nanomedicine and nanotechnology has opened a new paradigm for treating damaged hearts by providing improved drug delivery methods, specifically targeting injured areas of the myocardium. With the advent of innovative biomaterials, newer therapeutics such as growth factors, stem cells, and exosomes have been successfully delivered to the injured myocardial tissue, promoting improvement in cardiac function. This review focuses on three major drug delivery modalities: nanoparticles, microspheres, and hydrogels, and their potential for treating damaged hearts following an MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Baseeruddin Alvi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Salmman Ahmed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Divya Sridharan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zahra Naseer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nooruddin Pracha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Henry Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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Bioactive Scaffolds in Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Trials. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:2104-2136. [PMID: 34463903 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of bioactive scaffolds in conjunction with stem cell therapies for cardiac repair after a myocardial infarction shows significant promise for clinical translation. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical trials that investigated the use of bioactive scaffolds to support stem cell-aided cardiac regeneration, in comparison to stem cell treatment alone. Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and grey literature were searched through April 23, 2020 and 60 articles were included in the final analysis. The overall effect size observed in scaffold and stem cell-treated small animals compared to stem cell-treated controls for ejection fraction (EF) was 7.98 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.36, 9.59] and for fractional shortening (FS) was 5.50 [95% CI: 4.35, 6.65] in small animal models. The largest improvements in EF and FS were observed when hydrogels were used (MD = 8.45 [95% CI: 6.46, 10.45] and MD = 5.76 [95% CI: 4.46, 7.05], respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed that cardiac progenitor cells had the largest effect size for FS, and was significant from pluripotent, mesenchymal and endothelial stem cell types. In large animal studies, the overall improvement of EF favoured the use of stem cell-embedded scaffolds compared to direct injection of cells (MD = 10.49 [95% CI: 6.30, 14.67]). Significant publication bias was present in the small animal trials for EF and FS. This study supports the use of bioactive scaffolds to aid in stem cell-based cardiac regeneration. Hydrogels should be further investigated in larger animal models for clinical translation.
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Vaka R, Davis DR. State-of-play for cellular therapies in cardiac repair and regeneration. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1579-1588. [PMID: 34448513 PMCID: PMC9290630 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death around the world. For almost two decades, cell therapy has been proposed as a solution for heart disease. In this article, we report on the “state‐of‐play” of cellular therapies for cardiac repair and regeneration. We outline the progression of new ideas from the preclinical literature to ongoing clinical trials. Recent data supporting the mechanics and mechanisms of myogenic and paracrine therapies are evaluated in the context of long‐term cardiac engraftment. This discussion informs on promising new approaches to indicate future avenues for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramana Vaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Electrophysiological engineering of heart-derived cells with calcium-dependent potassium channels improves cell therapy efficacy for cardioprotection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4963. [PMID: 34400625 PMCID: PMC8368210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that calcium-activated potassium (KCa)-channels regulate fundamental progenitor-cell functions, including proliferation, but their contribution to cell-therapy effectiveness is unknown. Here, we test the participation of KCa-channels in human heart explant-derived cell (EDC) physiology and therapeutic potential. TRAM34-sensitive KCa3.1-channels, encoded by the KCNN4 gene, are exclusively expressed in therapeutically bioactive EDC subfractions and maintain a strongly polarized resting potential; whereas therapeutically inert EDCs lack KCa3.1 channels and exhibit depolarized resting potentials. Somatic gene transfer of KCNN4 results in membrane hyperpolarization and increases intracellular [Ca2+], which boosts cell-proliferation and the production of pro-healing cytokines/nanoparticles. Intramyocardial injection of EDCs after KCNN4-gene overexpression markedly increases the salutary effects of EDCs on cardiac function, viable myocardium and peri-infarct neovascularization in a well-established murine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Thus, electrophysiological engineering provides a potentially valuable strategy to improve the therapeutic value of progenitor cells for cardioprotection and possibly other indications. Strategies to improve the function of damaged hearts with progenitor cells have stalled. Here, the authors show that gene transfer of a calcium-dependent potassium channel enhances the functional properties and ability of explant-derived cells to improve heart function after a heart attack.
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Li J, Hu S, Zhu D, Huang K, Mei X, López de Juan Abad B, Cheng K. All Roads Lead to Rome (the Heart): Cell Retention and Outcomes From Various Delivery Routes of Cell Therapy Products to the Heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020402. [PMID: 33821664 PMCID: PMC8174178 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, numerous preclinical studies and several clinical trials have evidenced the feasibility of cell transplantation in treating heart diseases. Over the years, different delivery routes of cell therapy have emerged and broadened the width of the field. However, a common hurdle is shared by all current delivery routes: low cell retention. A myriad of studies confirm that cell retention plays a crucial role in the success of cell-mediated cardiac repair. It is important for any delivery route to maintain donor cells in the recipient heart for enough time to not only proliferate by themselves, but also to send paracrine signals to surrounding damaged heart cells and repair them. In this review, we first undertake an in-depth study of primary theories of cell loss, including low efficiency in cell injection, "washout" effects, and cell death, and then organize the literature from the past decade that focuses on cell transplantation to the heart using various cell delivery routes, including intracoronary injection, systemic intravenous injection, retrograde coronary venous injection, and intramyocardial injection. In addition to a recapitulation of these approaches, we also clearly evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, we conduct comparative research on the cell retention rate and functional outcomes of these delivery routes. Finally, we extend our discussion to state-of-the-art bioengineering techniques that enhance cell retention, as well as alternative delivery routes, such as intrapericardial delivery. A combination of these novel strategies and more accurate assessment methods will help to address the hurdle of low cell retention and boost the efficacy of cell transplantation to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlang Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Xuan Mei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Blanca López de Juan Abad
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNC
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Kumar R, Gulia K. The convergence of nanotechnology‐stem cell, nanotopography‐mechanobiology, and biotic‐abiotic interfaces: Nanoscale tools for tackling the top killer, arteriosclerosis, strokes, and heart attacks. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- NIET National Institute of Medical Science Rajasthan India
| | - Kiran Gulia
- Materials and Manufacturing School of Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton England, UK
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14
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Hoeeg C, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Follin B. Injectable Hydrogels for Improving Cardiac Cell Therapy-In Vivo Evidence and Translational Challenges. Gels 2021; 7:gels7010007. [PMID: 33499287 PMCID: PMC7859914 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has the potential to regenerate cardiac tissue and treat a variety of cardiac diseases which are currently without effective treatment. This novel approach to treatment has demonstrated clinical efficiency, despite low retention of the cell products in the heart. It has been shown that improving retention often leads to improved functional outcome. A feasible method of improving cell graft retention is administration of injectable hydrogels. Over the last decade, a variety of injectable hydrogels have been investigated preclinically for their potential to improve the effects of cardiac cell therapy. These hydrogels are created with different polymers, properties, and additional functional motifs and differ in their approaches for encapsulating different cell types. Only one combinational therapy has been tested in a clinical randomized controlled trial. In this review, the latest research on the potential of injectable hydrogels for delivery of cell therapy is discussed, together with potential roadblocks for clinical translation and recommendations for future explorations to facilitate future translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Hoeeg
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Rigshospitalet, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarke Follin
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Rigshospitalet, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a novel scientific field that employs the use of stem cells as cell-based therapy for the regeneration and functional restoration of damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells bear characteristics such as the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation towards specific lineages and, therefore, serve as a backup reservoir in case of tissue injuries. Therapeutically, they can be autologously or allogeneically transplanted for tissue regeneration; however, allogeneic stem cell transplantation can provoke host immune responses leading to a host-versus-transplant reaction. A probable solution to this problem is stem cell encapsulation, a technique that utilizes various biomaterials for the creation of a semi-permeable membrane that encases the stem cells. Stem cell encapsulation can be accomplished by employing a great variety of natural and/or synthetic hydrogels and offers many benefits in regenerative medicine, including protection from the host’s immune system and mechanical stress, improved cell viability, proliferation and differentiation, cryopreservation and controlled and continuous delivery of the stem-cell-secreted therapeutic agents. Here, in this review, we report and discuss almost all natural and synthetic hydrogels used in stem cell encapsulation, along with the benefits that these materials, alone or in combination, could offer to cell therapy through functional cell encapsulation.
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Jacques E, Hosoyama K, Biniam B, Eren Cimenci C, Sedlakova V, Steeves AJ, Variola F, Davis DR, Stewart DJ, Suuronen EJ, Alarcon EI. Collagen-Based Microcapsules As Therapeutic Materials for Stem Cell Therapies in Infarcted Myocardium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4614-4622. [PMID: 33455166 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As cell therapies emerged, it was quickly realized that pro-regenerative cells directly injected into injured tissue struggled within the inflammatory microenvironment. By using microencapsulation, i.e., encapsulating cells within polymeric biomaterials, they are henceforth protected from the harmful extracellular cues, while still being able to receive oxygen and nutrients and release secreted factors. Previous work showed that stem cells encapsulated within a biologically inert material (agarose) were able to significantly improve the function of the infarcted mouse heart. With the aim of using more bioresponsive microcapsules, we sought to develop an enzymatically degradable, type I collagen-based microcapsule for the intramyocardial delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in a murine model of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Jacques
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Katsuhiro Hosoyama
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Brook Biniam
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Cagla Eren Cimenci
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Veronika Sedlakova
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Alexander J Steeves
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada
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17
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Kanda P, Benavente-Babace A, Parent S, Connor M, Soucy N, Steeves A, Lu A, Cober ND, Courtman D, Variola F, Alarcon EI, Liang W, Stewart DJ, Godin M, Davis DR. Deterministic paracrine repair of injured myocardium using microfluidic-based cocooning of heart explant-derived cells. Biomaterials 2020; 247:120010. [PMID: 32259654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While encapsulation of cells within protective nanoporous gel cocoons increases cell retention and pro-survival integrin signaling, the influence of cocoon size and intra-capsular cell-cell interactions on therapeutic repair are unknown. Here, we employ a microfluidic platform to dissect the impact of cocoon size and intracapsular cell number on the regenerative potential of transplanted heart explant-derived cells. Deterministic increases in cocoon size boosted the proportion of multicellular aggregates within cocoons, reduced vascular clearance of transplanted cells and enhanced stimulation of endogenous repair. The latter being attributable to cell-cell stimulation of cytokine and extracellular vesicle production while also broadening of the miRNA cargo within extracellular vesicles. Thus, by tuning cocoon size and cell occupancy, the paracrine signature and retention of transplanted cells can be enhanced to promote paracrine stimulation of endogenous tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Kanda
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | | | - Sandrine Parent
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Michie Connor
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Nicholas Soucy
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Alexander Steeves
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Aizhu Lu
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Nicholas David Cober
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - David Courtman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Wenbin Liang
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Michel Godin
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada; Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada.
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18
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Mount S, Kanda P, Parent S, Khan S, Michie C, Davila L, Chan V, Davies RA, Haddad H, Courtman D, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Physiologic expansion of human heart-derived cells enhances therapeutic repair of injured myocardium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:316. [PMID: 31685023 PMCID: PMC6829847 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum-free xenogen-free defined media and continuous controlled physiological cell culture conditions have been developed for stem cell therapeutics, but the effect of these conditions on the relative potency of the cell product is unknown. As such, we conducted a head-to-head comparison of cell culture conditions on human heart explant-derived cells using established in vitro measures of cell potency and in vivo functional repair. Methods Heart explant-derived cells cultured from human atrial or ventricular biopsies within a serum-free xenogen-free media and a continuous physiological culture environment were compared to cells cultured under traditional (high serum) cell culture conditions in a standard clean room facility. Results Transitioning from traditional high serum cell culture conditions to serum-free xenogen-free conditions had no effect on cell culture yields but provided a smaller, more homogenous, cell product with only minor antigenic changes. Culture within continuous physiologic conditions markedly boosted cell proliferation while increasing the expression of stem cell-related antigens and ability of cells to stimulate angiogenesis. Intramyocardial injection of physiologic cultured cells into immunodeficient mice 1 week after coronary ligation translated into improved cardiac function and reduced scar burden which was attributable to increased production of pro-healing cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and microRNAs. Conclusions Continuous physiological cell culture increased cell growth, paracrine output, and treatment outcomes to provide the greatest functional benefit after experimental myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Mount
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Pushpinder Kanda
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Sandrine Parent
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Saad Khan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Connor Michie
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Liliana Davila
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Vincent Chan
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Ross A Davies
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | | | - David Courtman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada. .,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada.
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19
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Kanda P, Parent S, Davis DR. Immortalized factories of therapeutic vesicles. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:676-677. [PMID: 31451799 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Kanda
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandrine Parent
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Villanueva M, Michie C, Parent S, Kanaan GN, Rafatian G, Kanda P, Ye B, Liang W, Harper ME, Davis DR. Glyoxalase 1 Prevents Chronic Hyperglycemia Induced Heart-Explant Derived Cell Dysfunction. Theranostics 2019; 9:5720-5730. [PMID: 31534514 PMCID: PMC6735395 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of work have shown that diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and worsens clinical outcomes after myocardial infarction. Because diabetes is an absolute contraindication to heart transplant, cell therapy is increasingly being explored as a means of improving heart function for these patients with very few other options. Given that hyperglycemia promotes the generation of toxic metabolites, the influence of the key detoxification enzyme glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) on chronic hyperglycemia induced heart explant-derived cell (EDC) dysfunction was investigated. Methods: EDCs were cultured from wild type C57Bl/6 or Glo1 over-expressing transgenic mice 2 months after treatment with the pancreatic beta cell toxin streptozotocin or vehicle. The effects of Glo1 overexpression was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models of myocardial ischemia. Results: Chronic hyperglycemia reduced overall culture yields and increased the reactive dicarbonyl cell burden within EDCs. These intrinsic cell changes reduced the angiogenic potential and production of pro-healing exosomes while promoting senescence and slowing proliferation. Compared to intra-myocardial injection of normoglycemic cells, chronic hyperglycemia attenuated cell-mediated improvements in myocardial function and reduced the ability of transplanted cells to promote new blood vessel and cardiomyocyte growth. In contrast, Glo1 overexpression decreased oxidative damage while restoring both cell culture yields and EDC-mediated repair of ischemic myocardium. The latter was associated with enhanced production of pro-healing extracellular vesicles by Glo1 cells without altering the pro-healing microRNA cargo within. Conclusions: Chronic hyperglycemia decreases the regenerative performance of EDCs. Overexpression of Glo1 reduces dicarbonyl stress and prevents chronic hyperglycemia-induced dysfunction by rejuvenating the production of pro-healing extracellular vesicles.
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21
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Benavente-Babace A, Haase K, Stewart DJ, Godin M. Strategies for controlling egress of therapeutic cells from hydrogel microcapsules. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:612-624. [PMID: 30771272 DOI: 10.1002/term.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have shown great regenerative potential to repair damaged tissue; however, their injection in vivo results in low retention and poor cell survival. Early clinical research has focussed on cell encapsulation to improve viability and integration of delivered cells. However, this strategy has been limited by the inability to reproduce large volumes of standardized microcapsules and the lack of information on cell-specific egress and timed release from hydrogel microcapsules. Here, we address both of these limitations. First, we use a droplet microfluidic platform to generate monodisperse agarose microcapsules, and second we encapsulate and characterize egress of therapeutically relevant cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and hMSCs). With increased temporal resolution, we demonstrate distinct differences in egress between cell types. Importantly, therapeutic cells (hMSCs) egress quickly, in <6 hr following encapsulation. Further, we examined potential escape mechanisms and showed that proliferation can be exploited by cells for microcapsule translocation. We also systematically characterized the egress of fibroblasts (as model cells) following alterations to the microcapsules. Specifically, we show that microcapsule size and hydrogel density impact cell egress efficiency. Overall, our results demonstrate the need for characterization of cell-specific egress and tuning of the cocoon microenvironment prior to delivery, for timely release and successful engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Haase
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Godin
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Rafatian G, Davis DR. Concise Review: Heart-Derived Cell Therapy 2.0: Paracrine Strategies to Increase Therapeutic Repair of Injured Myocardium. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1794-1803. [PMID: 30171743 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in cardiovascular medicine, the incidence of heart failure is rising and represents a growing challenge. To address this, ex vivo proliferated heart-derived cell products have emerged as a promising investigational cell-treatment option. Despite being originally proposed as a straightforward myocyte replacement strategy, emerging evidence has shown that cell-mediated gains in cardiac function are leveraged on paracrine stimulation of endogenous repair and tissue salvage. In this concise review, we focus on the paracrine repertoire of heart-derived cells and outline strategies used to boost cell potency by targeting cytokines, metabolic preconditioning and supportive biomaterials. Mechanistic insights from these studies will shape future efforts to use defined factors and/or synthetic cell approaches to help the millions of patients worldwide suffering from heart failure. Stem Cells 2018;36:1794-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Rafatian
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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