1
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Li Z, Raab A, Kolmangadi MA, Busch M, Grunwald M, Demel F, Bertram F, Kityk AV, Schönhals A, Laschat S, Huber P. Self-Assembly of Ionic Superdiscs in Nanopores. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14414-14426. [PMID: 38760015 PMCID: PMC11155240 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Discotic ionic liquid crystals (DILCs) consist of self-assembled superdiscs of cations and anions that spontaneously stack in linear columns with high one-dimensional ionic and electronic charge mobility, making them prominent model systems for functional soft matter. Compared to classical nonionic discotic liquid crystals, many liquid crystalline structures with a combination of electronic and ionic conductivity have been reported, which are of interest for separation membranes, artificial ion/proton conducting membranes, and optoelectronics. Unfortunately, a homogeneous alignment of the DILCs on the macroscale is often not achievable, which significantly limits the applicability of DILCs. Infiltration into nanoporous solid scaffolds can, in principle, overcome this drawback. However, due to the experimental challenges to scrutinize liquid crystalline order in extreme spatial confinement, little is known about the structures of DILCs in nanopores. Here, we present temperature-dependent high-resolution optical birefringence measurement and 3D reciprocal space mapping based on synchrotron X-ray scattering to investigate the thermotropic phase behavior of dopamine-based ionic liquid crystals confined in cylindrical channels of 180 nm diameter in macroscopic anodic aluminum oxide membranes. As a function of the membranes' hydrophilicity and thus the molecular anchoring to the pore walls (edge-on or face-on) and the variation of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance between the aromatic cores and the alkyl side chain motifs of the superdiscs by tailored chemical synthesis, we find a particularly rich phase behavior, which is not present in the bulk state. It is governed by a complex interplay of liquid crystalline elastic energies (bending and splay deformations), polar interactions, and pure geometric confinement and includes textural transitions between radial and axial alignment of the columns with respect to the long nanochannel axis. Furthermore, confinement-induced continuous order formation is observed in contrast to discontinuous first-order phase transitions, which can be quantitatively described by Landau-de Gennes free energy models for liquid crystalline order transitions in confinement. Our observations suggest that the infiltration of DILCs into nanoporous solids allows tailoring their nanoscale texture and ion channel formation and thus their electrical and optical functionalities over an even wider range than in the bulk state in a homogeneous manner on the centimeter scale as controlled by the monolithic nanoporous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Li
- Institute
for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg
University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aileen Raab
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohamed Aejaz Kolmangadi
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Busch
- Institute
for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg
University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Grunwald
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Felix Demel
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andriy V. Kityk
- Faculty of
Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University
of Technology, Al. Armii
Krajowej 17, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Straße des
17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institute
for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg
University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Wu CH, Meng W, Iakoubovskii K, Yoshio M. Photocured Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Electrolytes with 3D Ion Transport Pathways for Electromechanical Actuators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4495-4504. [PMID: 36646628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of ionic molecules into hierarchical ordered structures is a promising route to new types of solid electrolytes with enhanced ion transport. Herein, we report a liquid-crystalline polymer electrolyte membrane that contains three-dimensionally (3D) interconnected ionic pathways. To build this membrane, we used wedge-shaped amphiphilic molecules that have two ionic heads and a lipophilic tail. These molecules were combined with a low content of ionic liquid (5.6 wt %) to form a hexagonal columnar phase, where the self-assembled lipophilic cylinders were surrounded by the ionic shell. Photopolymerization of this phase produced flexible nanostructured films with 3D ionic pathways, which can serve as an electrolyte layer in soft robotic actuators. Ionic transport in the 3D pathways leads to shape memory capability as well as durable bending actuation with a voltage-controllable blocking force. Furthermore, we find a significant enhancement of actuation for the nanostructured electrolyte compared with the corresponding amorphous electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hao Wu
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido060-8628, Japan
| | - Wenjing Meng
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0047, Japan
| | - Konstantin Iakoubovskii
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0047, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshio
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido060-8628, Japan
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3
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Hamaguchi K, Lu H, Okamura S, Kajiyama S, Uchida J, Sato S, Watanabe G, Ishii Y, Washizu H, Ungar G, Kato T. Reentrant 2D Nanostructured Liquid Crystals by Competition between Molecular Packing and Conformation: Potential Design for Multistep Switching of Ionic Conductivity. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200927. [PMID: 36594677 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reentrant phenomena in soft matter and biosystems have attracted considerable attention because their properties are closely related to high functionality. Here, we report a combined experimental and computational study on the self-assembly and reentrant behavior of a single-component thermotropic smectic liquid crystal toward the realization of dynamically functional materials. We have designed and synthesized a mesogenic molecule consisting of an alicyclic trans,trans-bicyclohexyl mesogen and a polar cyclic carbonate group connected by a flexible tetra(oxyethylene) spacer. The molecule exhibits an unprecedented sequence of layered smectic phases, in the order: smectic A-smectic B-reentrant smectic A. Electron density profiles and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations indicate that competition between the stacking of bicyclohexyl mesogens and the conformational flexibility of tetra(oxyethylene) chains induces this unusual reentrant behavior. Ion-conductive reentrant liquid-crystalline materials have been developed, which undergo the multistep conductivity changes in response to temperature. The reentrant liquid crystals have potential as new mesogenic materials exhibiting switching functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Huanjun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Shota Okamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Washizu
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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4
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Monti J, Concellón A, Dong R, Simmler M, Münchinger A, Huck C, Tegeder P, Nirschl H, Wegener M, Osuji CO, Blasco E. Two-Photon Laser Microprinting of Highly Ordered Nanoporous Materials Based on Hexagonal Columnar Liquid Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33746-33755. [PMID: 35849651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous materials relying on supramolecular liquid crystals (LCs) are excellent candidates for size- and charge-selective membranes. However, whether they can be manufactured using printing technologies remained unexplored so far. In this work, we develop a new approach for the fabrication of ordered nanoporous microstructures based on supramolecular LCs using two-photon laser printing. In particular, we employ photo-cross-linkable hydrogen-bonded complexes, that self-assemble into columnar hexagonal (Colh) mesophases, as the base of our printable photoresist. The presence of photopolymerizable groups in the periphery of the molecules enables the printability using a laser. We demonstrate the conservation of the Colh arrangement and of the adsorptive properties of the materials after laser microprinting, which highlights the potential of the approach for the fabrication of functional nanoporous structures with a defined geometry. This first example of printable Colh LC should open new opportunities for the fabrication of functional porous microdevices with potential application in catalysis, filtration, separation, or molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Monti
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ruiqi Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mira Simmler
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchinger
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Christian Huck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, Hedelberg 69120, Germany
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5
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Uchida J, Soberats B, Gupta M, Kato T. Advanced Functional Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109063. [PMID: 35034382 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals have been intensively studied as functional materials. Recently, integration of various disciplines has led to new directions in the design of functional liquid-crystalline materials in the fields of energy, water, photonics, actuation, sensing, and biotechnology. Here, recent advances in functional liquid crystals based on polymers, supramolecular complexes, gels, colloids, and inorganic-based hybrids are reviewed, from design strategies to functionalization of these materials and interfaces. New insights into liquid crystals provided by significant progress in advanced measurements and computational simulations, which enhance new design and functionalization of liquid-crystalline materials, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa Km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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6
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Chen Y, Chang HY, Lee MT, Yang ZR, Wang CH, Wu KY, Chuang WT, Wang CL. Dual-Axis Alignment of Bulk Artificial Water Channels by Directional Water-Induced Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7768-7777. [PMID: 35417167 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Approaching single-crystal-like morphology has always been important in driving materials toward their optimal properties. With only orientational order, liquid crystal (LC) materials require dual-axis orientational control to optimize their structural order in the bulk phase. However, current external guiding fields such as electrical, magnetic, and mechanical guiding fields are less effective in aligning amphiphilic LCs. In this study, water is developed as an excellent structural stabilizer and orientation-directing agent of an amphiphilic discotic molecule (AD) in the water-induced self-assembly (WISA) process. Thermal analysis and structural characterization results show that water increases the stability and domain sizes of the hexagonal columnar (Colh) phase of the AD by co-assembling with the ADs to form bulk artificial water channels (AWCs). Moreover, through control over the nucleation conditions (degree of supercooling and location of nucleation), dual-axis alignment in both the planar and vertical growth of the AWCs is achieved by applying water as the guiding field in the directional WISA. With precise control over the hierarchical structures, the bulk AWC array of the AD delivers excellent salt rejection properties and water permeability. Considering that all the amphiphilic LCs have hydrophilic segments, these new roles of water in the WISA process could launch the further development of functional amphiphilic LCs by providing a dynamic interaction and a readily available guiding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Yen Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Tzu Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Ren Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chinese Culture University, 55 Hwa-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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7
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Marin San Roman P, Nijmeijer K, Sijbesma RP. Sulfonated polymerized liquid crystal nanoporous membranes for water purification. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Abstract
Smart soft materials are envisioned to be the building blocks of the next generation of advanced devices and digitally augmented technologies. In this context, liquid crystals (LCs) owing to their responsive and adaptive attributes could serve as promising smart soft materials. LCs played a critical role in revolutionizing the information display industry in the 20th century. However, in the turn of the 21st century, numerous beyond-display applications of LCs have been demonstrated, which elegantly exploit their controllable stimuli-responsive and adaptive characteristics. For these applications, new LC materials have been rationally designed and developed. In this Review, we present the recent developments in light driven chiral LCs, i.e., cholesteric and blue phases, LC based smart windows that control the entrance of heat and light from outdoor to the interior of buildings and built environments depending on the weather conditions, LC elastomers for bioinspired, biological, and actuator applications, LC based biosensors for detection of proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses, LC based porous membranes for the separation of ions, molecules, and microbes, living LCs, and LCs under macro- and nanoscopic confinement. The Review concludes with a summary and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for LCs as smart soft materials. This Review is anticipated to stimulate eclectic ideas toward the implementation of the nature's delicate phase of matter in future generations of smart and augmented devices and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States.,Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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9
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Wu H, Xu F, Gao G, Feng X. Highly Ordered Interconnected 1 nm Pores in Polymers Fabricated from Easily Accessible Gyroid Liquid Crystals. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fengxian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guanzhen Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xunda Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Dong R, Gabinet UR, Poling-Skutvik R, Kim NK, Lee C, Imran OQ, Feng X, Osuji CO. Rapid Fabrication by Lyotropic Self-Assembly of Thin Nanofiltration Membranes with Uniform 1 Nanometer Pores. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8192-8203. [PMID: 33729764 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials with precisely defined and water-bicontinuous 1-nm-scale pores are highly sought after as advanced materials for next-generation nanofiltration membranes. While several self-assembled systems appear to satisfy this need, straightforward fabrication of such materials as submicron films with high-fidelity retention of their ordered nanostructure represents a nontrivial challenge. We report the development of a lyotropic liquid crystal mesophase that addresses the aforementioned issue. Films as thin as ∼200 nm are prepared on conventional support membranes using solution-based methods. Within these films, the system is composed of a hexagonally ordered array of ∼3 nm diameter cylinders of cross-linked polymer, embedded in an aqueous medium. The cylinders are uniformly oriented in the plane of the film, providing a transport-limiting dimension of ∼1 nm, associated with the space between the outer surfaces of nearest-neighbor cylinders. These membranes exhibit molecular weight cutoffs of ∼300 Da for organic solutes and are effective in rejecting dissolved salts, and in particular, divalent species, while exhibiting water permeabilities that rival or exceed current state-of-the-art commercial nanofiltration membranes. These materials have the ability to address a broad range of nanofiltration applications, while structure-property considerations suggest several avenues for potential performance improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ruiqi Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Uri R Gabinet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ryan Poling-Skutvik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Na Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Omar Q Imran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xunda Feng
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Houben SA, van Merwijk SA, Langers BJH, Oosterlaken BM, Borneman Z, Schenning APHJ. Smectic Liquid Crystalline Polymer Membranes with Aligned Nanopores in an Anisotropic Scaffold. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7592-7599. [PMID: 33539067 PMCID: PMC7898271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up methods for the fabrication of nanoporous polymer membranes have numerous advantages. However, it remains challenging to fabricate nanoporous membranes that are mechanically robust and have aligned pores, that is, with a low tortuosity. Here, a mechanically robust thin-film composite membrane was fabricated consisting of a two-dimensional (2D) porous smectic liquid crystalline polymer network inside an anisotropic, microporous polymer scaffold. The polymer scaffold allows for relatively straightforward planar alignment of the smectic liquid crystalline mixture, which consisted of a diacrylate cross-linker and a dimer forming benzoic acid-based monoacrylate. Polymerized samples displayed a smectic A (SmA) phase, which formed the eventual 2D porous channels after base treatment. The aligned 2D nanoporous membranes showed a high rejection of anionic solutes bigger than 322 g/mol. Cleaning and reusability of the system were demonstrated by intentionally fouling the porous channels with a cationic dye and subsequently cleaning the membrane with an acidic solution. After cleaning, the membrane properties were unaffected; this, combined with numerous pressurizing cycles, demonstrated reusability of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
J. A. Houben
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Storm A. van Merwijk
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno J. H. Langers
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bernette M. Oosterlaken
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zandrie Borneman
- Membrane
Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Kloos J, Joosten N, Schenning A, Nijmeijer K. Self-assembling liquid crystals as building blocks to design nanoporous membranes suitable for molecular separations. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Feringán B, Cerdá J, Diosdado B, Aragó J, Ortí E, Giménez R, Sierra T. On the Structure and Chiral Aggregation of Liquid Crystalline Star-Shaped Triazines H-Bonded to Benzoic Acids. Chemistry 2020; 26:15313-15322. [PMID: 32608135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a star-shaped tris(triazolyl)triazine derivative to hierarchically build supramolecular chiral columnar organizations through the formation of H-bonded complexes with benzoic acids was studied from a theoretical and experimental point of view. The combined study has been done at three different levels including the study of the structure of the triazine core, the association with benzoic acids in stoichiometry 1:3, and the assembly of 1:3 complexes in helical aggregates. Although the star-shaped triazine core crystallizes in a non-C3 conformation, the C3 -symmetric conformation is theoretically predicted to be more stable and gives rise to a favorable C3 supramolecular 1:3 complex upon the interaction with three benzoic acids in their voids. In addition, calculations at different levels (DFT, PM7, and MM3) for the 1:3 host-guest complex predict the formation of large stable columnar helical aggregates stabilized by the compact packing of the interstitial acids by π-π and CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The acids restrict the movement of the the star-shaped triazine cores along the stacking axis causing a template effect in the self-assembly of the complex. Theoretical predictions correlate with experimental results, since the interaction with achiral or chiral 3,4,5-(4-alkoxybenzyloxy)benzoic acids gives rise to supramolecular complexes that organize in bulk hexagonal columnar mesophases stable at room temperature with intracolumnar order. The existence of supramolecular chirality in the mesophase was determined for complexes formed by acids derived from (S)-2-octanol. Chiral aggregation was also evidenced for complexes formed in dodecane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Feringán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Beatriz Diosdado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Raquel Giménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Salikolimi K, Sudhakar AA, Ishida Y. Functional Ionic Liquid Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11702-11731. [PMID: 32927953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals have emerged as a new class of functional soft materials in the last two decades, and they exhibit synergistic characteristics of ionic liquids and liquid crystals such as macroscopic orientability, miscibility with various species, phase stability, nanostructural tunability, and polar nanochannel formation. Owing to these characteristics, the structures, properties, and functions of ionic liquid crystals have been a hot topic in materials chemistry, finding various applications including host frameworks for guest binding, separation membranes, ion-/proton-conducting membranes, reaction media, and optoelectronic materials. Although several excellent review articles of ionic liquid crystals have been published recently, they mainly focused on the fundamental aspects, structures, and specific properties of ionic liquid crystals, while these applications of ionic liquid crystals have not yet been discussed at one time. The aim of this feature article is to provide an overview of the applications of ionic liquid crystals in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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15
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Suzuki Y, Sakamoto T, Yoshio M, Kato T. Development of functional nanoporous membranes based on photocleavable columnar liquid crystals – Selective adsorption of ionic dyes. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Rajendiran K, Thananjeyan K, Thodal Yoganandham S. Study on synthesis and investigation of supramolecular cuperic (Cu(II)) metallomesogens with Smectic C phase. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Concellón A, Romero P, Marcos M, Barberá J, Sánchez-Somolinos C, Mizobata M, Ogoshi T, Serrano JL, Del Barrio J. Coumarin-Containing Pillar[5]arenes as Multifunctional Liquid Crystal Macrocycles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8944-8951. [PMID: 32545956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystal macrocycles (LCMs) combine the unique properties of liquid crystals with those associated with macrocyclic compounds-shape persistence and the capability of hosting small molecules. Herein, we investigate the grafting of coumarin-containing promesogenic moieties to pillar[5]arene as a strategy to obtain multifunctional LCMs. Pillar[5]arenes containing 10 and 30 coumarin units are glassy materials with nematic mesomorphism. Moreover, the coumarin moieties afford the pillar[5]arene derivatives with enhanced film-forming and photoresponsive properties. Photodimerization of the coumarin moieties results in cross-linked polymer networks, which can be used as alignment layers. Therefore, liquid-crystal coumarin-containing pillar[5]arenes represent a significant addition to the family of LCMs and may become useful for the development of engineered, hierarchical structures and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Romero
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marcos
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín Barberá
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos
- Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.,CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Masayuki Mizobata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Barrio
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Xiao AQ, Lyu XL, Pan HB, Tang ZH, Zhang W, Shen ZH, Fan XH. Homeotropic Alignment and Selective Adsorption of Nanoporous Polymer Film Polymerized from Hydrogen-bonded Liquid Crystal. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Nie ZZ, Zuo B, Liu L, Wang M, Huang S, Chen XM, Yang H. Nanoporous Supramolecular Liquid Crystal Polymeric Material for Specific and Selective Uptake of Melamine. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhou Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bo Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xu-Man Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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20
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Shah A, Duponchel B, Gowda A, Kumar S, Becuwe M, Davoisne C, Legrand C, Douali R, Singh DP. Charge transport in phenazine-fused triphenylene discotic mesogens doped with CdS nanowires. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03290e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of oleylamine capped CdS nanowires and we have dispersed a small optimized amount of these NWs in the Colh phase of a recently synthesized phenazine-fused-triphenylene discotic liquid crystal to understand the temperature-dependent charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Shah
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
| | - Benoit Duponchel
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-59140 Dunkerque
- France
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore
- India
- Department of Chemistry
- Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology (NMIT)
| | - Matthieu Becuwe
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS)
- UMR CNRS 7314
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)
- Amiens
- France
| | - Carine Davoisne
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS)
- UMR CNRS 7314
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)
- Amiens
- France
| | - Christian Legrand
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
| | - Redouane Douali
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
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21
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Guo Y, Shahsavan H, Davidson ZS, Sitti M. Precise Control of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Alignment through Surface Topography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36110-36117. [PMID: 31532609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging applications, such as water-based electronic devices and biological sensors, require local control of anisotropic properties. Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) are an exciting class of materials, which are usually biocompatible and provide uniaxial anisotropy through a director field but, to date, remain difficult to control. In this work, we introduce a simple strategy to realize an arbitrary orientation of LCLCs director field in two dimensions (2D). Our alignment strategy relies on surface topographical micro/nanostructures fabricated by two-photon laser writing. We show that the alignment of LCLCs can be: (a) precisely controlled with a remarkable pixel resolution of 2.5 μm and (b) patterned into an arbitrary 2D alignment (e.g., +2 topological defect) by a pixelated design and arrangement of micro/nanostructures. Using a similar strategy, we achieve a patternable homeotropic alignment of LCLCs with nanopillars. Finally, we demonstrate that a self-assembled three-dimensional alignment of LCLCs can be obtained due to the versatility of our alignment strategy. Our demonstration of LCLC director field control, which is not only straightforward to achieve but also compatible with other conventional micro/nanofabrication techniques, will provide new opportunities for the manufacturing of LC-based electronic and biological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Guo
- Physical Intelligence Department , Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Hamed Shahsavan
- Physical Intelligence Department , Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Zoey S Davidson
- Physical Intelligence Department , Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department , Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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22
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Hamaguchi K, Kuo D, Liu M, Sakamoto T, Yoshio M, Katayama H, Kato T. Nanostructured Virus Filtration Membranes Based on Two-Component Columnar Liquid Crystals. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:24-30. [PMID: 35619406 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we report columnar liquid-crystalline (LC) nanostructured membranes that highly remove viruses and show sufficient water permeation. These membranes were prepared by employing two-component liquid crystals that exhibit tetragonal columnar phases. The membranes exhibited virus rejection values of >99.99% (log10 reduction value (LRV) > 4) and water flux ranging from 19 to 61 L m-2 h-1 (operation pressure: 0.3 MPa). These membranes were fabricated by photopolymerization of a fan-shaped diol molecule and imidazolium ionic liquid mixture, followed by subsequent removal of the ionic liquid. The rejection values and water flux depend on the fraction of ionic liquid. These results show new design strategies of materials for the water treatment nanostructured membranes that remove pathogens and contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daniel Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshio
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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23
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Sahoo D, Imam MR, Peterca M, Partridge BE, Wilson DA, Zeng X, Ungar G, Heiney PA, Percec V. Hierarchical Self-Organization of Chiral Columns from Chiral Supramolecular Spheres. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13478-13487. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Mohammad R. Imam
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, United States
| | - Benjamin E. Partridge
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Paul A. Heiney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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