1
|
Liu F, Wang Q, Tang Y, Du W, Chang W, Fu Z, Zhao X, Liu Y. Carbon nanowires made by the insertion-and-fusion method toward carbon-hydrogen nanoelectronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6143-6155. [PMID: 36892226 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00386h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanowires (CNWs), long linear carbon chains encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes, exhibit sp hybridization characteristics as one of one-dimensional nanocarbon materials. The research interests on CNWs are accelerated by the successful experimental syntheses from the multi-walled to double-walled until single-walled CNWs recently but the formation mechanisms and structure-property relationships of CNWs remain poorly understood. In this work, we studied the insertion-and-fusion formation process of CNWs at an atomistic level using ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations with particular focus on the hydrogen (H) adatom effects on the configurations and properties of carbon chains. The constrained MD shows that short carbon chains can be inserted and fused into long carbon chains inside the CNTs due to the van der Waals interactions with little energy barriers. We found that the end-capped H atoms of carbon chains may still remain as adatoms on the fused chains without C-H bond breaking and could transfer along the carbon chains via thermal activation. Moreover, the H adatoms were found to have critical effects on the distribution of bond length alternation as well as the energy level gaps and magnetic moments depending on the varied positions of H adatoms on the carbon chains. The results of ReaxFF MD simulations were validated by the DFT calculations and ab initio MD simulations. The diameter effect of the CNTs on the binding energies suggest that multiple CNTs with a range of appropriate diameters can be used to stabilize the carbon chains. Different from the terminal H of carbon nanomaterials, this work demonstrated that the H adatoms could be used to tune the electronic and magnetic properties of carbon-based electronic devices, opening up the door toward rich carbon-hydrogen nanoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Liu
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yuchao Tang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wan Du
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Weiwei Chang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zewei Fu
- Yunnan Tin Industry Group (Holding) Co. Ltd. R & D Center, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Xinluo Zhao
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Milotti V, Berkmann C, Laranjeira J, Cui W, Cao K, Zhang Y, Kaiser U, Yanagi K, Melle-Franco M, Shi L, Pichler T, Ayala P. Unravelling the Complete Raman Response of Graphene Nanoribbons Discerning the Signature of Edge Passivation. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200110. [PMID: 35733057 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the edge morphology and terminations of graphene nanoribbons (GNR) allows tailoring their electronic properties and boosts their application potential. One way of making such structures is encapsulating them inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. Despite the versatility of Raman spectroscopy to resolve strong spectral signals of these systems, discerning the response of long nanoribbons from that of any residual precursor remaining outside after synthesis has been so far elusive. Here, the terrylene dye is used as precursor to make long and ultra-narrow armchair-edged GNR inside nanotubes. The alignment and characteristic length of terrylene encapsulated parallel to the tube's axis facilitates the ribbon formation via polymerization, with high stability up to 750 °C when the hybrid system is kept in high vacuum. A high temperature annealing is used to remove the terrylene external molecules and a subtraction model based on the determination of a scaling factor related to the G-band response of the system is developed. This not only represents a critical step forward toward the analysis of the nanoribbon-nanotube system, but it is a study that enables unraveling the Raman signatures of the individual CH-modes (the signature of edge passivation) for GNR for the first time with unprecedented detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Milotti
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jorge Laranjeira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Weili Cui
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-039, Japan
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paola Ayala
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo J, Xiang R, Cheng T, Maruyama S, Li Y. One-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures: A Perspective. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:3-11. [PMID: 37101518 PMCID: PMC10114641 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
As a new frontier in low-dimensional material research, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, represented by 2D heterostructures, have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. The emerging 1D heterostructures open new possibilities for the field with expectant unconventional properties and yet more challenging preparation pathways. This Perspective aims to give an overall understanding of the state-of-the-art growth strategies and fantastic properties of the 1D heterostructures and provide an outlook for further development based on the controlled preparation, which will bring up a variety of applications in high-performance electronic, optoelectronic, magnetic, and energy storage devices. A quick rise of the fundamentals and application study of 1D heterostructures is anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ting Cheng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking
University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- PKU-HKUST
ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cambré S, Liu M, Levshov D, Otsuka K, Maruyama S, Xiang R. Nanotube-Based 1D Heterostructures Coupled by van der Waals Forces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102585. [PMID: 34355517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
1D van der Waals heterostructures based on carbon nanotube templates are raising a lot of excitement due to the possibility of creating new optical and electronic properties, by either confining molecules inside their hollow core or by adding layers on the outside of the nanotube. In contrast to their 2D analogs, where the number of layers, atomic type and relative orientation of the constituting layers are the main parameters defining physical properties, 1D heterostructures provide an additional degree of freedom, i.e., their specific diameter and chiral structure, for engineering their characteristics. The current state-of-the-art in synthesizing 1D heterostructures are discussed here, in particular focusing on their resulting optical properties, and details the vast parameter space that can be used to design heterostructures with custom-built properties that can be integrated into a large variety of applications. First, the effects of van der Waals coupling on the properties of the simplest and best-studied 1D heterostructure, namely a double-walled carbon nanotube, are described, and then heterostructures built from the inside and the outside are considered, which all use a nanotube as a template, and, finally, an outlook is provided for the future of this research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Cambré
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Dmitry Levshov
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Keigo Otsuka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tschannen CD, Frimmer M, Gordeev G, Vasconcelos TL, Shi L, Pichler T, Reich S, Heeg S, Novotny L. Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering of Single Carbyne Chains. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12249-12255. [PMID: 34254777 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the anti-Stokes Raman scattering of single carbyne chains confined inside double-walled carbon nanotubes. Individual chains are identified using tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) and heated by resonant excitation with varying laser powers. We study the temperature dependence of carbyne's Raman spectrum and quantify the laser-induced heating based on the anti-Stokes/Stokes ratio. Due to its molecular size and its large Raman cross section, carbyne holds great promise for local temperature monitoring, with potential applications ranging from nanoelectronics to biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Frimmer
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgy Gordeev
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thiago L Vasconcelos
- Materials Metrology Division, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), 25250-020 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, Universität Wien, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heeg
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Owais C, Kalathingal M, Swathi RS. Encapsulation of monocyclic carbon clusters into carbon nanotubes: A continuum modeling approach. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, PART N: JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS, NANOENGINEERING AND NANOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2397791420964002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon clusters are challenging to produce and isolate due to their highly reactive nature. One of the strategies for their isolation is to encapsulate the clusters into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of appropriate radii. Herein, we have investigated the energetics for the encapsulation of the monocyclic carbon rings, [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) into CNTs of various radii using the continuum approximation. The encapsulation is driven by the non-covalent interactions between the carbon rings and the CNTs. The analyzes of the axial forces and the interaction energies at various orientations and positions of centers of mass of the rings with respect to the CNT axes clearly suggested the role of the tube radius in governing the energetics of encapsulation. Estimation of the acceptance and the suction energies as a function of CNT radius led to the prediction that the CNTs with radii of 5.38 Å, 5.83 Å, 6.25 Å, 6.68 Å, 7.07 Å, 7.51 Å, and 7.90 Å can efficiently encapsulate C10, C12, C14, C16, C18, C20, and C22 rings, respectively. In the limit of large tube radii, the numerical results lead to those obtained for carbon ring adsorption on graphene. Furthermore, the continuum approach enabled us to explore the potential energy surfaces thereby arriving at the equilibrium configurations of the rings inside the CNTs. Such an analysis is invaluable because of the enormous computational cost associated with quantum chemical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheriyacheruvakkara Owais
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mahroof Kalathingal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Rotti Srinivasamurthy Swathi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi L, Senga R, Suenaga K, Kataura H, Saito T, Paz AP, Rubio A, Ayala P, Pichler T. Toward Confined Carbyne with Tailored Properties. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1096-1101. [PMID: 33427471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Confining carbyne to a space that allows for stability and controlled reactivity is a very appealing approach to have access to materials with tunable optical and electronic properties without rival. Here, we show how controlling the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes opens the possibility to grow a confined carbyne with a defined and tunable band gap. The metallicity of the tubes has a minimal influence on the formation of the carbyne, whereas the diameter plays a major role in the growth. It has been found that the properties of confined carbyne can be tailored independently from its length and how these are mostly determined by its interaction with the carbon nanotube. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to interpret these findings. Furthermore, the choice of a single-walled carbon nanotube host has been proven crucial even to synthesize an enriched carbyne with the smallest energy gap currently reported and with remarkable homogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ryosuke Senga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Alejandro Pérez Paz
- Chemistry Department, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Simons Foundation Flatiron Institute, New York 10010, New York, United States
| | - Paola Ayala
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kanda N, Nakanishi Y, Liu D, Liu Z, Inoue T, Miyata Y, Tománek D, Shinohara H. Efficient growth and characterization of one-dimensional transition metal tellurides inside carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17185-17190. [PMID: 32492076 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals wires of transition metal monochalocogenides (TMMs) have been anticipated as promising building blocks for integrated nanoelectronics. While reliable production of TMM nanowires has eluded scientists over the past few decades, we finally demonstrated a bottom-up fabrication of MoTe nanowires inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Still, the current synthesis method is based on vacuum annealing of reactive MoTe2, and limits access to a variety of TMMs. Here we report an expanded framework for high-yield synthesis of the 1D tellurides including WTe, an previously unknown family of TMMs. Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that the choice of suitable metal oxides as a precursor provides a useful yield for their characterization. These TMM nanowires exhibit a significant optical absorption in the visible-light region. More important, electronic properties of CNTs can be tuned by encapsulating different TMM nanowires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kanda
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Clément P, Xu X, Stoppiello CT, Rance GA, Attanzio A, O'Shea JN, Temperton RH, Khlobystov AN, Lovelock KRJ, Seymour JM, Fogarty RM, Baker A, Bourne RA, Hall B, Chamberlain TW, Palma M. Direct Synthesis of Multiplexed Metal‐Nanowire‐Based Devices by Using Carbon Nanotubes as Vector Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9928-9932. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Clément
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Xinzhao Xu
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | | | - Graham A. Rance
- The Nanoscale and Microscale Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Antonio Attanzio
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - James N. O'Shea
- School of PhysicsUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- The Nanoscale and Microscale Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Jake M. Seymour
- School of Chemistry, Food and PharmacyUniversity of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UK
| | | | - Alastair Baker
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Richard A. Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Brendan Hall
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Thomas W. Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Matteo Palma
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Clément P, Xu X, Stoppiello CT, Rance GA, Attanzio A, O'Shea JN, Temperton RH, Khlobystov AN, Lovelock KRJ, Seymour JM, Fogarty RM, Baker A, Bourne RA, Hall B, Chamberlain TW, Palma M. Direct Synthesis of Multiplexed Metal‐Nanowire‐Based Devices by Using Carbon Nanotubes as Vector Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Clément
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Xinzhao Xu
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | | | - Graham A. Rance
- The Nanoscale and Microscale Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Antonio Attanzio
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - James N. O'Shea
- School of PhysicsUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- The Nanoscale and Microscale Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Jake M. Seymour
- School of Chemistry, Food and PharmacyUniversity of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UK
| | | | - Alastair Baker
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Richard A. Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Brendan Hall
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Thomas W. Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Matteo Palma
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesMaterials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Shi L, Wei J, Yanagi K, Saito T, Cao K, Kaiser U, Ayala P, Pichler T. Templated direct growth of ultra-thin double-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21254-21261. [PMID: 30418461 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06925e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) combined the advantages of multi-walled (MW-) and single-walled (SW-) CNTs can be obtained by transforming the precursors (e.g. fullerene, ferrocene) into thin inner CNTs inside SWCNTs as templates. However, this method is limited since the DWCNT yield is strongly influenced by the filling efficiency (depending on the type of the filled molecules), opening and cutting the SWCNTs, and the diameter of the host SWCNTs. Therefore, it cannot be applied to all types of SWCNT templates. Here we show a universal route to synthesize ultra-thin DWCNTs via making SWCNTs stable at high temperature in vacuum. This method applies to different types of SWCNTs including metallicity-sorted ones without using any precursors since the carbon sources were from the reconstructed SWCNTs and the residue carbons. The resulting DWCNTs are with high quality and the yield of inner tubes is comparable to/higher than that of the DWCNTs made from the transformation of ferrocene/fullerene peapods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, 1090 Wien, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|