1
|
Lafrance AA, Girard M, Bryce DL. Solid-state NMR spectra of amino acid enantiomers and their relative intensities. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2024; 131:101925. [PMID: 38582022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2024.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Under normal experimental conditions in an achiral environment, NMR spectra of enantiomers have chemical shifts and J couplings which are not differentiable. In this work, the reproducibility of spectral intensities for pairs of amino acid enantiomers, as well as factors influencing these intensities, is assessed using 13C and 15N cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Prompted by a recent literature debate over a possible influence of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect on spectral intensities obtained in CP/MAS NMR experiments carried out on enantiomers, a number of control experiments were performed with recycle delays of at least 5T1. These included the analysis of proton-decoupled Bloch decay solid-state NMR spectra as well as solution NMR spectra where the cross polarization process is absent. Bloch decay and CP/MAS NMR spectra yield the same relative intensities for pairs of enantiomers while solution NMR spectra provide relative intensities closest to unity. Differences of plus-or-minus a few percent in the D/L spectral intensity ratios observed in all solid-state NMR experiments are due to sample preparation (i.e., grinding, particle size, partial amorphization) and limitations on sample purity. As previously described in the literature, more drastic intensity differences on the order of 50% are easily created by ball milling the samples. Finally, apodization is shown to invert the apparent D/L ratio in low signal-to-noise 15N CP/MAS NMR spectra of aspartic acid enantiomers. In summary, no spectral intensity differences attributable to enantiomerism are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Anne Lafrance
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Manon Girard
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hubber A, Hua C. Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks with Spectroscopic Methods: Towards Chemical Sensor Devices. Chemistry 2024:e202400071. [PMID: 38570194 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (CMOFs) are a rapidly growing field reflecting their potential as selective and sensitive chemical sensors for chiral analytes. The highly tuneable nature of CMOFs enables the size, shape, and non-covalent interactions to be optimised towards specific analytes to engender strong intermolecular interactions and sensing responses. While CMOFs as chiral chemical sensor devices have been explored with electrochemical methods including differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), bipolar and chemiresistive sensing techniques, the CMOFs as chiral chemical sensors using spectroscopic methods has received significantly less attention. This review examines the synthesis of CMOFs for chemical sensors with spectroscopic methods such as photoluminescence, circular dichroism, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance with a view towards their incorporation into chemical sensor devices. Future directions of the field are highlighted for the generation of functional devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus Hubber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carol Hua
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bloom BP, Paltiel Y, Naaman R, Waldeck DH. Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1950-1991. [PMID: 38364021 PMCID: PMC10906005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the initial landmark study on the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in 1999, considerable experimental and theoretical efforts have been made to understand the physical underpinnings and mechanistic features of this interesting phenomenon. As first formulated, the CISS effect refers to the innate ability of chiral materials to act as spin filters for electron transport; however, more recent experiments demonstrate that displacement currents arising from charge polarization of chiral molecules lead to spin polarization without the need for net charge flow. With its identification of a fundamental connection between chiral symmetry and electron spin in molecules and materials, CISS promises profound and ubiquitous implications for existing technologies and new approaches to answering age old questions, such as the homochiral nature of life. This review begins with a discussion of the different methods for measuring CISS and then provides a comprehensive overview of molecules and materials known to exhibit CISS-based phenomena before proceeding to identify structure-property relations and to delineate the leading theoretical models for the CISS effect. Next, it identifies some implications of CISS in physics, chemistry, and biology. The discussion ends with a critical assessment of the CISS field and some comments on its future outlook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Bloom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied
Physics Department and Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aiello CD, Abendroth JM, Abbas M, Afanasev A, Agarwal S, Banerjee AS, Beratan DN, Belling JN, Berche B, Botana A, Caram JR, Celardo GL, Cuniberti G, Garcia-Etxarri A, Dianat A, Diez-Perez I, Guo Y, Gutierrez R, Herrmann C, Hihath J, Kale S, Kurian P, Lai YC, Liu T, Lopez A, Medina E, Mujica V, Naaman R, Noormandipour M, Palma JL, Paltiel Y, Petuskey W, Ribeiro-Silva JC, Saenz JJ, Santos EJG, Solyanik-Gorgone M, Sorger VJ, Stemer DM, Ugalde JM, Valdes-Curiel A, Varela S, Waldeck DH, Wasielewski MR, Weiss PS, Zacharias H, Wang QH. A Chirality-Based Quantum Leap. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4989-5035. [PMID: 35318848 PMCID: PMC9278663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the study of chiral degrees of freedom occurring in matter and in electromagnetic fields. Opportunities in quantum sciences will likely exploit two main areas that are the focus of this Review: (1) recent observations of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in chiral molecules and engineered nanomaterials and (2) rapidly evolving nanophotonic strategies designed to amplify chiral light-matter interactions. On the one hand, the CISS effect underpins the observation that charge transport through nanoscopic chiral structures favors a particular electronic spin orientation, resulting in large room-temperature spin polarizations. Observations of the CISS effect suggest opportunities for spin control and for the design and fabrication of room-temperature quantum devices from the bottom up, with atomic-scale precision and molecular modularity. On the other hand, chiral-optical effects that depend on both spin- and orbital-angular momentum of photons could offer key advantages in all-optical and quantum information technologies. In particular, amplification of these chiral light-matter interactions using rationally designed plasmonic and dielectric nanomaterials provide approaches to manipulate light intensity, polarization, and phase in confined nanoscale geometries. Any technology that relies on optimal charge transport, or optical control and readout, including quantum devices for logic, sensing, and storage, may benefit from chiral quantum properties. These properties can be theoretically and experimentally investigated from a quantum information perspective, which has not yet been fully developed. There are uncharted implications for the quantum sciences once chiral couplings can be engineered to control the storage, transduction, and manipulation of quantum information. This forward-looking Review provides a survey of the experimental and theoretical fundamentals of chiral-influenced quantum effects and presents a vision for their possible future roles in enabling room-temperature quantum technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarice D. Aiello
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John M. Abendroth
- Laboratory
for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Muneer Abbas
- Department
of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Andrei Afanasev
- Department
of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Shivang Agarwal
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amartya S. Banerjee
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Departments
of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jason N. Belling
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bertrand Berche
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR Université de Lorraine-CNRS, 7019 54506 Vandœuvre les
Nancy, France
| | - Antia Botana
- Department
of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Justin R. Caram
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Giuseppe Luca Celardo
- Institute
of Physics, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma
de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, 72570, Mexico
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aitzol Garcia-Etxarri
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ismael Diez-Perez
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School
for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Suneet Kale
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Philip Kurian
- Quantum
Biology Laboratory, Graduate School, Howard
University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School
of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Tianhan Liu
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander Lopez
- Escuela
Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, PO Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Medina
- Departamento
de Física, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Av. Diego de Robles
y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Kimika
Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mohammadreza Noormandipour
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- TCM Group,
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Julio L. Palma
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, Lemont Furnace, Pennsylvania 15456, United States
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied
Physics Department and the Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - William Petuskey
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - João Carlos Ribeiro-Silva
- Laboratory
of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, 05508-900 São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan José Saenz
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Solyanik-Gorgone
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Volker J. Sorger
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Dominik M. Stemer
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jesus M. Ugalde
- Kimika
Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ana Valdes-Curiel
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Solmar Varela
- School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay
Tech University, 100119 Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center
for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Qing Hua Wang
- School
for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carreira EM. Addition to "Enantiospecific Response in Cross-Polarization Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Optically Active Metal Organic Frameworks". J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5565. [PMID: 33794096 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Zöllner MS, Saghatchi A, Mujica V, Herrmann C. Influence of Electronic Structure Modeling and Junction Structure on First-Principles Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7357-7371. [PMID: 33167619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out a comprehensive study of the influence of electronic structure modeling and junction structure description on the first-principles calculation of the spin polarization in molecular junctions caused by the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. We explore the limits and the sensitivity to modeling decisions of a Landauer/Green's function/two-component density functional theory approach to CISS. We find that although the CISS effect is entirely attributed in the literature to molecular spin filtering, spin-orbit coupling being partially inherited from the metal electrodes plays an important role in our calculations on ideal carbon helices, even though this effect cannot explain the experimental conductance results. Its magnitude depends considerably on the shape, size, and material of the metal clusters modeling the electrodes. Also, a pronounced dependence on the specific description of exchange interaction and spin-orbit coupling is manifest in our approach. This is important because the interplay between exchange effects and spin-orbit coupling may play an important role in the description of the junction magnetic response. Our calculations are relevant for the whole field of spin-polarized electron transport and electron transfer, because there is still an open discussion in the literature about the detailed underlying mechanism and the magnitude of physical parameters that need to be included to achieve a consistent description of the CISS effect: seemingly good quantitative agreement between simulation and the experiment can be caused by error compensation, because spin polarization as contained in a Landauer/Green's function/two-component density functional theory approach depends strongly on computational and structural parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aida Saghatchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States.,Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Euskadi P.K. 1072, 20080, Spain
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
San Sebastian E, Cepeda J, Huizi-Rayo U, Terenzi A, Finkelstein-Shapiro D, Padro D, Santos JI, Matxain JM, Ugalde JM, Mujica V. Enantiospecific Response in Cross-Polarization Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Optically Active Metal Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17989-17996. [PMID: 32941015 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein on a NMR-based enantiospecific response for a family of optically active metal-organic frameworks. Cross-polarization of the 1H-13C couple was performed, and the intensities of the 13C nuclei NMR signals were measured to be different for the two enantiomers. In a direct-pulse experiment, which prevents cross-polarization, the intensity difference of the 13C NMR signals of the two nanostructured enantiomers vanished. This result is due to changes of the nuclear spin relaxation times due to the electron spin spatial asymmetry induced by chemical bond polarization involving a chiral center. These experiments put forward on firm ground that the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect, which induces chemical bond polarization in the J-coupling, is the mechanism responsible for the enantiospecific response. The implications of this finding for the theory of this molecular electron spin polarization effect and the development of quantum biosensing and quantum storage devices are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eider San Sebastian
- Kimika Fakultatea, Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Javier Cepeda
- Kimika Fakultatea, Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Uxua Huizi-Rayo
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Padro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Santos
- SGIker-UPV/EHU, "Joxe Mari Korta" Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Arizona State University, School of Molecular Sciences, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bloom BP, Lu Y, Metzger T, Yochelis S, Paltiel Y, Fontanesi C, Mishra S, Tassinari F, Naaman R, Waldeck DH. Asymmetric reactions induced by electron spin polarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21570-21582. [PMID: 32697241 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Essential aspects of the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect and their implications for spin-controlled chemistry and asymmetric electrochemical reactions are described. The generation of oxygen through electrolysis is discussed as an example in which chirality-based spin-filtering and spin selection rules can be used to improve the reaction's efficiency and selectivity. Next the discussion shifts to illustrate how the spin selectivity of chiral molecules (CISS properties) allows one to use the electron spin as a chiral bias for inducing asymmetric reactions and promoting enantiospecific processes. Two enantioselective electrochemical reactions that have used polarized electron spins as a chiral reagent are described; enantioselective electroreduction to resolve an enantiomer from a racemic mixture and an oxidative electropolymerization to generate a chiral polymer from achiral monomers. A complementary approach that has used spin-polarized, but otherwise achiral, molecular films to enantiospecifically associate with one enantiomer from a racemic mixture is also discussed. Each of these reaction types use magnetized films to generate the spin polarized electrons and the enantiospecificity can be selected by choice of the magnetization direction, North pole versus South pole. Possible paths for future research in this area and its compatibility with existing methods based on chiral electrodes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P Bloom
- Chemistry Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Y Lu
- Chemistry Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Tzuriel Metzger
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied Physics Department and the Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", DIEF, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Suryakant Mishra
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Francesco Tassinari
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Ron Naaman
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - D H Waldeck
- Chemistry Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
This Perspective discusses recent experiments that bear on the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) mechanism and its manifestation in electronic and magnetic properties of chiral molecules and materials. Although the discussion emphasizes newer experiments, such as the magnetization dependence of chiral molecule interactions with ferromagnetic surfaces, early experiments, which reveal the nonlinear scaling of the spin filtering with applied potential, are described also. In many of the theoretical studies, one has had to invoke unusually large spin-orbit couplings in order to reproduce the large spin filtering observed in experiments. Experiments imply that exchange interactions and Pauli exclusion constraints are an important aspect of CISS. They also demonstrate the spin-dependent charge flow between a ferromagnetic substrate and chiral molecules. With these insights in mind, a simplified model is described in which the chiral molecule's spin polarization is enhanced by a spin blockade effect to generate large spin filtering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Y Paltiel
- Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - D H Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zöllner MS, Varela S, Medina E, Mujica V, Herrmann C. Insight into the Origin of Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity from a Symmetry Analysis of Electronic Transmission. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2914-2929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Solmar Varela
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119 Urcuquı́, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Medina
- Yachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, 100119 Urcuquı́, Ecuador
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghosh S, Mishra S, Avigad E, Bloom BP, Baczewski LT, Yochelis S, Paltiel Y, Naaman R, Waldeck DH. Effect of Chiral Molecules on the Electron's Spin Wavefunction at Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1550-1557. [PMID: 32013436 PMCID: PMC7307953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Kelvin-probe measurements on ferromagnetic thin film electrodes coated with self-assembled monolayers of chiral molecules reveal that the electron penetration from the metal electrode into the chiral molecules depends on the ferromagnet's magnetization direction and the molecules' chirality. Electrostatic potential differences as large as 100 mV are observed. These changes arise from the applied oscillating electric field, which drives spin-dependent charge penetration from the ferromagnetic substrate to the chiral molecules. The enantiospecificity of the response is studied as a function of the magnetization strength, the magnetization direction, and the handedness and length of the chiral molecules. These new phenomena are rationalized in terms of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, in which one spin orientation of electrons from the ferromagnet penetrates more easily into a chiral molecule than does the other orientation. The large potential changes (>kT at room temperature) manifested here imply that this phenomenon is important for spin transport in chiral spintronic devices and for magneto-electrochemistry of chiral molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Ghosh
- Chemistry
Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Suryakant Mishra
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eytan Avigad
- Applied
Physics Department, the Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Brian P. Bloom
- Chemistry
Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - L. T. Baczewski
- Magnetic
Heterostructures Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Applied
Physics Department, the Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied
Physics Department, the Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Chemistry
Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lesot P, Aroulanda C, Berdagué P, Meddour A, Merlet D, Farjon J, Giraud N, Lafon O. Multinuclear NMR in polypeptide liquid crystals: Three fertile decades of methodological developments and analytical challenges. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 116:85-154. [PMID: 32130960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy of oriented samples makes accessible residual anisotropic intramolecular NMR interactions, such as chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA), dipolar coupling (RDC), and quadrupolar coupling (RQC), while preserving high spectral resolution. In addition, in a chiral aligned environment, enantiomers of chiral molecules or enantiopic elements of prochiral compounds adopt different average orientations on the NMR timescale, and hence produce distinct NMR spectra or signals. NMR spectroscopy in chiral aligned media is a powerful analytical tool, and notably provides unique information on (pro)chirality analysis, natural isotopic fractionation, stereochemistry, as well as molecular conformation and configuration. Significant progress has been made in this area over the three last decades, particularly using polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) made of organic solutions of helically chiral polymers (as PBLG) in organic solvents. This review presents an overview of NMR in polymeric LCs. In particular, we describe the theoretical tools and the major NMR methods that have been developed and applied to study (pro)chiral molecules dissolved in such oriented solvents. We also discuss the representative applications illustrating the analytical potential of this original NMR tool. This overview article is dedicated to thirty years of original contributions to the development of NMR spectroscopy in polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lesot
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France.
| | - Christie Aroulanda
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Berdagué
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Meddour
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Denis Merlet
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6230, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, CEISAM, Equipe EBSI, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Giraud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8601, Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, LPTCB, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Universite de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR CNRS 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UCCS, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aizpurua J, Asua JM, Muiño RD, Grande HJ, Liz-Marzán LM, Pitarke JM, Sánchez-Portal D. San Sebastian, a City of (Nano)Science and Technology. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12254-12256. [PMID: 31736298 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
|
14
|
Abstract
A general theory of the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect is presented. It is based on the fact that the spin-orbit (SO) coupling is small, a few meV, for the light atoms, which make up typical chiral molecules in experiments. We present a theorem based on the Onsager reciprocal principle, which states that the CISS effect vanishes when thermally averaging over all electron states. This zero result is avoided by the very nonthermal character of the incoming optically generated electrons in experimental realizations. Despite the small SO-coupling, the presence of accidental degeneracies in the molecular spectrum yields a sizable spin polarization. The CISS effect in the presence of magnetic leads is special. We prove that, in a situation with one magnetic lead, the other lead will become magnetized. This results from the interplay between the spin-orbit coupling in the chiral molecule and the magnetized lead. Numerical calculations for realistic chiral molecules confirm the theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakse Dalum
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen DK-2100 , Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Eastern Yanqihu Campus , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Huaibeizhen, Huairou Qu, Beijing 101408 , China
| | - Per Hedegård
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen DK-2100 , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Santos JI, Rivilla I, Cossío FP, García-García FJ, Matxain JM, Grzeliczak M, Mazinani SKS, Ugalde JM, Mujica V. Reply to "Comment on 'Chirality-Induced Electron Spin Polarization and Enantiospecific Response in Solid-State Cross-Polarization Nuclear Magnetic Resonance'". ACS NANO 2019; 13:6133-6136. [PMID: 31135135 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose I Santos
- SGIker-UPV/EHU, Centro "Joxe Mari Korta" , Tolosa Hiribidea, 72 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Iván Rivilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 3 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 3 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - F Javier García-García
- ICTS-Centro Nacional de Microscopía Electrónica, UCM , Av. Complutense S/N , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , P.K.1072, 20080 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
| | - Marek Grzeliczak
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , P.K.1072, 20080 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
| | - Shobeir K S Mazinani
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , P.K.1072, 20080 Donostia , Euskadi , Spain
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Venkatesh A, Wijesekara AV, O'Dell LA, Rossini AJ. Comment on "Chirality-Induced Electron Spin Polarization and Enantiospecific Response in Solid-State Cross-Polarization Nuclear Magnetic Resonance". ACS NANO 2019; 13:6130-6132. [PMID: 31184130 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | | | - Luke A O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abendroth JM, Cheung KM, Stemer DM, El Hadri MS, Zhao C, Fullerton EE, Weiss PS. Spin-Dependent Ionization of Chiral Molecular Films. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3863-3874. [PMID: 30734553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spin selectivity in photo-emission from ferromagnetic substrates functionalized with chiral organic films was analyzed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy at room temperature. Using radiation with photon energy greater than the ionization potential of the adsorbed molecules, photoelectrons were collected that originated from both underlying ferromagnetic substrates and the organic films, with kinetic energies in the range of ca. 0-18 eV. We investigated chiral organic films composed of self-assembled monolayers of α-helical peptides and electrostatically adsorbed films of the protein, bovine serum albumin, with different α-helix and β-sheet contents. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectral widths were found to depend on substrate magnetization orientation and polarization, which we attribute to helicity-dependent molecular ionization cross sections arising from photoelectron impact, possibly resulting in spin-polarized holes. These interactions between spin-polarized photoelectrons and chiral molecules are physically manifested as differences in the measured photoionization energies of the chiral molecular films. Substrate magnetization-dependent ionization energies and work function values were deconvoluted using surface charge neutralization techniques, permitting the measurement of relative spin-dependent energy barriers to transmission through chiral organic films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Abendroth
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Kevin M Cheung
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Dominik M Stemer
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Mohammed S El Hadri
- Center for Memory and Recording Research , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Eric E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| |
Collapse
|