1
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Ishida Y. Atomic-Scale Imaging of Clay Mineral Nanosheets and Their Supramolecular Complexes through Electron Microscopy: A Supramolecular Chemist's Perspective. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6065-6076. [PMID: 38484331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in electron microscopy techniques have revolutionized the ability to directly visualize and understand the intricate world of supramolecular chemistry. This paper provides a concise overview of a study delving into the atomic-scale imaging of monolayer clay mineral nanosheets and their associated supramolecular complexes. The imaging is conducted by harnessing the power of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Clay mineral nanosheets, with their anionic charge and ultrathin thickness (of 1 nm), serve as a stable Coulombic host material for cationic guest molecules through electrostatic interactions, facilitating exceptional stability and control during observation. By incorporation of heavy-metal atom markers coordinated within the target molecules, high-angle annular dark field STEM enables a clear visualization of these supramolecular complexes. This approach helps to overcome the limitations of graphene-based systems and expands the possibilities of atomic-scale imaging of nonperiodic molecular assemblies formed by weak supramolecular interactions. The fusion of electron microscopy techniques with the principles of supramolecular and material chemistry offers exciting opportunities for studying the structure, behavior, and properties of complex supramolecular systems. It sheds light on the intricate molecular architectures and design principles governing these systems. This study showcases the immense potential of electron microscopy in supramolecular chemistry and invites researchers from various disciplines to explore the transformative possibilities of atomic-scale imaging in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishida
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
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2
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Park J, Lee S, Jafter OF, Cheon J, Lungerich D. Electron beam-induced demetallation of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, and Pt metalloporphyrins: insights in e-beam chemistry and metal cluster formations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8051-8061. [PMID: 38314818 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05848d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Electron beams are versatile tools for nanoscale fabrication processes, however, the underlying e-beam chemistry remains in its infancy. Through operando transmission electron microscopy investigations, we elucidate a redox-driven cargo release of individual metal atoms triggered by electron beams. The chosen organic delivery molecule, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), proves highly versatile, forming complexes with nearly all metals from the periodic table and being easily processed in solution. A comprehensive cinematographic analysis of the dynamics of single metal atoms confirms the nearly instantaneous ejection of complexed metal atoms under an 80 kV electron beam, underscoring the system's broad versatility. Providing mechanistic insights, we employ density functional theory to support the proposed reductive demetallation pathway facilitated by secondary electrons, contributing novel perspectives to electron beam-mediated chemical reaction mechanisms. Lastly, our findings demonstrate that all seven metals investigated form nanoclusters once ejected from TPP, highlighting the method's potential for studying and developing sustainable single-atom and nanocluster catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseong Park
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sol Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Orein Francis Jafter
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Thaggard GC, Haimerl J, Park KC, Lim J, Fischer RA, Maldeni Kankanamalage BKP, Yarbrough BJ, Wilson GR, Shustova NB. Metal-Photoswitch Friendship: From Photochromic Complexes to Functional Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23249-23263. [PMID: 36512744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative metal-photoswitch interfaces comprise an application-driven field which is based on strategic coupling of metal cations and organic photochromic molecules to advance the behavior of both components, resulting in dynamic molecular and material properties controlled through external stimuli. In this Perspective, we highlight the ways in which metal-photoswitch interplay can be utilized as a tool to modulate a system's physicochemical properties and performance in a variety of structural motifs, including discrete molecular complexes or cages, as well as periodic structures such as metal-organic frameworks. This Perspective starts with photochromic molecular complexes as the smallest subunit in which metal-photoswitch interactions can occur, and progresses toward functional materials. In particular, we explore the role of the metal-photoswitch relationship for gaining fundamental knowledge of switchable electronic and magnetic properties, as well as in the design of stimuli-responsive sensors, optically gated memory devices, catalysts, and photodynamic therapeutic agents. The abundance of stimuli-responsive systems in the natural world only foreshadows the creative directions that will uncover the full potential of metal-photoswitch interactions in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Thaggard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Johanna Haimerl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.,Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jaewoong Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Buddhima K P Maldeni Kankanamalage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brandon J Yarbrough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gina R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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4
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Akita I, Ishida Y, Yonezawa T. Mixed-Metal-Atom Markers Enable Simultaneous Imaging of Spatial Distribution in Two-Dimensional Heterogeneous Molecular Assembly by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:542-546. [PMID: 36785777 PMCID: PMC9885999 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale observation by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is essential for characterizing supramolecular assemblies with nonperiodic structures. Identifying the relative spatial arrangement in a mixture of molecular species in an assembly is crucial for understanding chemical reaction systems occurring in the assembly. Herein, we report the first direct observation of supramolecular assemblies comprising anionic clay mineral nanosheets and two types of cationic porphyrin complexes with Pt and Pd atom markers by annular dark-field STEM, enabling the simultaneous imaging of well-mixed spatial molecular distributions. The results expand the possibility of applying electron microscopy to self-assembly structures constructed via weak supramolecular interactions on relatively thick nanosheet materials and on one- to few-atom-thick graphene analogues, which will provide important guidelines for future material design.
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5
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He F, Ren X, Jiang J, Zhang G, He L. Real-Time, Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study on Photoinduced Isomerizations of Azobenzene Under a Light Field. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:427-432. [PMID: 34989580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The trans to cis photoisomerization of azobenzene and its reverse (i.e., the cis to trans) processes are studied using real-time propagation time-dependent density functional theory combined with molecular dynamics for ions. We show that the wavelength of the applied laser may significantly affect the transition process. The simulations also show that the photon-excited electrons play essential roles in the isomerization processes, in which the hot electrons couple to phonon modes that drive the transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang He
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinguo Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lixin He
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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6
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Lungerich D, Hoelzel H, Harano K, Jux N, Amsharov KY, Nakamura E. A Singular Molecule-to-Molecule Transformation on Video: The Bottom-Up Synthesis of Fullerene C 60 from Truxene Derivative C 60H 30. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12804-12814. [PMID: 34018713 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Singular reaction events of small molecules and their dynamics remain a hardly understood territory in chemical sciences since spectroscopy relies on ensemble-averaged data, and microscopic scanning probe techniques show snapshots of frozen scenes. Herein, we report on continuous high-resolution transmission electron microscopic video imaging of the electron-beam-induced bottom-up synthesis of fullerene C60 through cyclodehydrogenation of tailor-made truxene derivative 1 (C60H30), which was deposited on graphene as substrate. During the reaction, C60H30 transformed in a multistep process to fullerene C60. Hereby, the precursor, metastable intermediates, and the product were identified by correlations with electron dose-corrected molecular simulations and single-molecule statistical analysis, which were substantiated with extensive density functional theory calculations. Our observations revealed that the initial cyclodehydrogenation pathway leads to thermodynamically favored intermediates through seemingly classical organic reaction mechanisms. However, dynamic interactions of the intermediates with the substrate render graphene as a non-innocent participant in the dehydrogenation process, which leads to a deviation from the classical reaction pathway. Our precise visual comprehension of the dynamic transformation implies that the outcome of electron-beam-initiated reactions can be controlled with careful molecular precursor design, which is important for the development and design of materials by electron beam lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine (CNM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), IBS Hall, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Helen Hoelzel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Koji Harano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Yu Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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7
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Takada K, Morita M, Imaoka T, Kakinuma J, Albrecht K, Yamamoto K. Metal atom-guided conformational analysis of single polynuclear coordination molecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/32/eabd9887. [PMID: 34362728 PMCID: PMC8346213 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic observation of single molecules is a rapidly expanding field in chemistry and differs from conventional characterization techniques that require a large number of molecules. One of such form of single-molecule microscopy is high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), which is especially suitable for coordination compounds because of its atomic number-dependent contrast. However, to date, single-molecule observations using HAADF-STEM has limited to simple planar molecules. In the present study, we demonstrate a direct structural investigation of nonplanar dendronized polynuclear Ir complexes with subnanometer resolution using Ir as an atomic label. Decreasing the electron dose to the dendrimer complexes is critical for the single-molecule observation. A comparison with simulated STEM images of conformational isomers is performed to determine the most plausible conformation. Our results enlarge the potential of electron microscopic observation to realize structural analysis of coordination macromolecules, which has been impossible with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takada
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Mari Morita
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takane Imaoka
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Junko Kakinuma
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ken Albrecht
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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8
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Sheng K, Liu YN, Gupta RK, Kurmoo M, Sun D. Arylazopyrazole-functionalized photoswitchable octanuclear Zn(II)-silsesquioxane nanocage. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Das D, Yadav MK, Singla L, Kumar A, Karanam M, Dev S, Choudhury AR. Understanding of the Kinetic Stability of
cis‐
Isomer of Azobenzenes through Kinetic and Computational Studies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
| | - Manish K. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
| | - Labhini Singla
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Deptartment of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh, UT 160014 India
| | - Maheswararao Karanam
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
| | - Sagarika Dev
- Department of Chemistry MCM DAV College for Women, Sector 36 Chandigarh, Union Territory India. 160036
| | - Angshuman R. Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
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10
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Kengmana ES, Lee JK, Li X, Warner JH, Han GGD. Self-Assembly of Bowlic Supramolecules on Graphene Imaged at the Individual Molecular Level using Heavy Atom Tagging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002860. [PMID: 32870596 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of bowlic supramolecules on graphene surface is studied with single molecular sensitivity. This is achieved by incorporating a heavy metal tag in the form of a single W atom into the tip of the molecular structure, which enables the direct imaging of molecular distribution using annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) along with graphene as an electron transparent support. The bowlic molecules have nonplanar geometry, and their orientations with respect to their graphene substrate and with each other result in various packing configurations. Statistical data on intermolecular distances is obtained from numerous measurements of the bright contrast from the single metal atom tags. The analysis shows that the bowlic molecules lie sideways on the graphene surface with favorable head-to-tail stacking, rather than sitting vertically with the bowl facing toward the graphene surface. In thicker film regions, nanoscale lamellar fringes are observed, demonstrating that large-scale aligned packing extends into 3D. Image simulations and various molecular packing schemes are discussed to help interpret the ADF-STEM images and the possible range of molecular interactions occurring. These results aid the understanding of nonplanar supramolecular assemblies on van der Waals surfaces for potential applications in molecular recognition by porous films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everett S Kengmana
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Ja Kyung Lee
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Materials Graduate Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
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11
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Akita I, Ishida Y, Yonezawa T. Atomic-Scale Imaging of a Free-Standing Monolayer Clay Mineral Nanosheet Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3357-3361. [PMID: 32248680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) enables the atomic-scale visualization of ultrathin 2D materials such as graphene, imaging of electron-beam sensitive 2D materials with structural complexity is an intricate problem. We here report the first atomic-scale imaging of a free-standing monolayer clay mineral nanosheet via the annular dark field (ADF) STEM. The monolayer clay nanosheet was stably observed under optimal conditions, and we confirmed that the hexagonal contrast pattern with a pore of ∼4 Å corresponds to the atomic structure of clay mineral that consisted of adjacent Si, Al, Mg, and O atoms by comparison with simulations. The findings offer the usefulness of ADF-STEM techniques for the atomic scale imaging of clay minerals and various 2D materials having electron-beam sensitivity and structural complexity than few-atom-thick graphene analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Akita
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishida
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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12
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Gerkman MA, Lee JK, Li X, Zhang Q, Windley M, Fonseca MV, Lu Y, Warner JH, Han GGD. Direct Imaging of Individual Molecular Binding to Clean Nanopore Edges in 2D Monolayer MoS 2. ACS NANO 2020; 14:153-165. [PMID: 31747249 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) to study how solution-deposited molecules bind to the edges and surface regions around nanopores in MoS2 monolayers. Nanopores with clean atomically flat edges and controllable mean diameter were generated by time-dependent large-area electron beam exposure during an in situ heating process, ready for subsequent molecular attachment. An organic molecule was designed to have a dithiolane end group that binds to Mo-terminated sites and a ligand structure that incorporates a single transition metal atom (Pt) marker for ADF-STEM detection. Pt atoms were used to track molecular binding around zigzag edges of MoS2 and to predict the orientations and conformations of molecules upon binding. We found that the molecules preferred to reside on the surface of the MoS2, pointing inward when attaching to the edge, rather than dangling out from the edge into free space, which is attributed to van der Waals interactions between the aromatic core of the molecule and the MoS2 basal planes. These results help us understand the way solution-deposited single molecules attach to free-standing edges of 2D crystals and the influence of van der Waals forces in guiding molecular binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael A Gerkman
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Ja Kyung Lee
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Qianyang Zhang
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Windley
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Maria V Fonseca
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
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13
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Akita I, Ishida Y, Yonezawa T. Distinctive stability of a free-standing monolayer clay mineral nanosheet via transmission electron microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25095-25102. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The distinctive stability of the monolayer clay mineral demonstrated by electron diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Akita
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Yohei Ishida
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Tetsu Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
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14
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Rice AM, Martin CR, Galitskiy VA, Berseneva AA, Leith GA, Shustova NB. Photophysics Modulation in Photoswitchable Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chem Rev 2019; 120:8790-8813. [PMID: 31638383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this Review, we showcase the upsurge in the development and fundamental photophysical studies of more than 100 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as versatile stimuli-responsive platforms. The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the field of photoresponsive MOFs while delving into the underlying photophysical properties of various classes of photochromic molecules including diarylethene, azobenzene, and spiropyran as well as naphthalenediimide and viologen derivatives integrated inside a MOF matrix as part of a framework backbone, as a ligand side group, or as a guest. In particular, the geometrical constraints, photoisomerization rates, and electronic structures of photochromic molecules integrated inside a rigid MOF scaffold are discussed. Thus, this Review reflects on the challenges and opportunities of using photoswitchable MOFs in next-generation multifunctional stimuli-responsive materials while highlighting their use in optoelectronics, erasable inks, or as the next generation of sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Vladimir A Galitskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Anna A Berseneva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Lee JK, Bulut I, Rickhaus M, Sheng Y, Li X, Han GGD, Briggs GAD, Anderson HL, Warner JH. Metal Atom Markers for Imaging Epitaxial Molecular Self-Assembly on Graphene by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7252-7260. [PMID: 31117373 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct imaging of single molecules has to date been primarily achieved using scanning probe microscopy, with limited success using transmission electron microscopy due to electron beam damage and low contrast from the light elements that make up the majority of molecules. Here, we show single complex molecule interactions can be imaged using annular dark field scanning TEM (ADF-STEM) by inserting heavy metal markers of Pt atoms and detecting their positions. Using the high angle ADF-STEM Z1.7 contrast, combined with graphene as an electron transparent support, we track the 2D monolayer self-assembly of solution-deposited individual linear porphyrin hexamer (Pt-L6) molecules and reveal preferential alignment along the graphene zigzag direction. The epitaxial interactions between graphene and Pt-L6 drive a reduction in the interporphyrin distance to allow perfect commensuration with the graphene. These results demonstrate how single metal atom markers in complex molecules can be used to study large scale packing and chain bending at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Kyung Lee
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Bulut
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Yuewen Sheng
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
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Bunje H, Millstone JE, Nie G, Wee ATS, Weil T, Shmakov SN, Weiss PS. Announcing the 2019 ACS Nano Award Lecture Laureates. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4859-4861. [PMID: 31137181 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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