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Chiacchio MA, Legnani L. Density Functional Theory Calculations: A Useful Tool to Investigate Mechanisms of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1298. [PMID: 38279298 PMCID: PMC10816517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review contains a representative sampling of mechanistic studies, which have appeared in the literature in the last 5 years, on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, using DFT calculations. Attention is focused on the mechanistic insights into 1,3-dipoles of propargyl/allenyl type and allyl type such as aza-ylides, nitrile oxides and azomethyne ylides and nitrones, respectively. The important role played by various metal-chiral-ligand complexes and the use of chiral eductors in promoting the site-, regio-, diastereo- and enatioselectivity of the reaction are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Chiacchio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Legnani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Maraf MB, Idrice AA, Mekoung Pélagie MA, Zintchem AAA, Bebga G, Rhyman L, Ibrahim MN, Ramasami P. Decoding the reaction mechanism of the cyclocondensation of ethyl acetate2-oxo-2-(4-oxo-4H-pyrido [1.2-a] pyrimidin-3-yl) polyazaheterocycle and ethylenediamine using bond evolution theory. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:972-985. [PMID: 35383996 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the flow of electron density along the cyclocondensation reaction between ethyl acetate 2-oxo-2-(4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1.2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl) polyazaheterocycle (1) and ethylenediamine (2) at the ωB97XD/6-311++G(d,p)computational method within of bond evolution theory (BET). The exploration of potential energy surface shows that this reaction has three channels (1-3) with the formation of product 3 via channel-2 (the most favorable one) as the main product and this is in good agreement with experimental observations. The BET analysis allows identifying unambiguously the main chemical events happening along channel-2. The mechanism along first step (TS2-a) is described by a series of four structural stability domains (SSDs), while five SSDs for the last two steps (TS2-b and TS2-c). The first and third steps can be summarized as follows, the formation of N1-C6 bond (SSD-II), then, the restoration of the nitrogen N1 lone pair (SSD-III), and finally, the formation of the last O1-H1 bond (SSD-IV). For the second step, the formation of hydroxide ion is noted, as a result of the disappearance of V(C6,O7) basin and the transformation of C6-N1 single bond into double one (SSD-IV). Finally, the appearance of V(O7,H2) basin lead to the elimination of water molecule within the last domain is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbah Bake Maraf
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry unit, Laboratory of applied Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Adjieufack Abel Idrice
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry unit, Laboratory of applied Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry (LCT) and Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Manwal A Mekoung Pélagie
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry unit, Laboratory of applied Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Auguste Abouem A Zintchem
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gouet Bebga
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lydia Rhyman
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.,Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Mbouombouo Ndassa Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.,Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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Hasebe M, Tsutsumi T, Taketsugu T, Tsuneda T. One-to-One Correspondence between Reaction Pathways and Reactive Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6901-6909. [PMID: 34694803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The one-to-one correspondence between reaction pathways in the potential energy theory and reactive orbitals in the electronic theory for reactions is presented. In this study, the reactive orbital energy method is applied to the intrinsic reaction coordinates of the global reaction route map generated by an automated reaction path search method. The reactive orbital energy method specifies the pairs of occupied and unoccupied reactive orbitals driving chemical reactions and determines whether the reactions are electron transfer-driven or dynamics-driven. Surprisingly, it is found that the reactive orbital pairs are determined one by one for the electron transfer-driven reaction pathways from an identical molecule. The reactive orbital energy method is also found to provide the sophisticated interpretations of reactions for the electronic motions. This one-to-one correspondence is expected to trigger the unification of the potential energy theory and the electronic theory for reactions that have been independently developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hasebe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takuro Tsutsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takao Tsuneda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Graduate School of Science Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Guerra C, Ayarde-Henríquez L, Duque-Noreña M, Cárdenas C, Pérez P, Chamorro E. On the nature of bonding in the photochemical addition of two ethylenes: C-C bond formation in the excited state? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20598-20606. [PMID: 34505860 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the 2s + 2s (face-to-face) prototypical example of a photochemical reaction has been re-examined to characterize the evolution of chemical bonding. The analysis of the electron localization function (as an indirect measure of the Pauli principle) along the minimum energy path provides strong evidence supporting that CC bond formation occurs not in the excited state but in the ground electronic state after crossing the rhombohedral S1/S0 conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Guerra
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Leandro Ayarde-Henríquez
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mario Duque-Noreña
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carlos Cárdenas
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física, Avenida Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Chamorro
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
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Khojandi M, Zahedi E, Seif A, Taghvamanesh A, Karimkhani M. A Theoretical Study on the Degenerate Cope Rearrangement of Hypostrophene Using the RRKM Theory and Topological Approaches. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Khojandi
- Department of Chemistry Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Ehsan Zahedi
- Department of Chemistry Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad University Shahrood Iran
| | - Ahmad Seif
- Department of Chemistry Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Afshin Taghvamanesh
- Department of Chemistry Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Karimkhani
- Department of Chemistry Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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Adjieufack AI, Moto Ongagna J, Kenmogne Tchidjo JF, Mbouombouo Ndassa I. Topological unraveling of the [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction between N-methylphenylnitrone and styrene catalyzed by the chromium tricarbonyl complex using electron localization function and catastrophe theory. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the reaction mechanisms of [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) between N-methylphenylnitrone and styrene catalyzed by the chromium tricarbonyl complex at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) level of approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Idrice Adjieufack
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, High Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon. P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Moto Ongagna
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Ibrahim Mbouombouo Ndassa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, High Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon. P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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