1
|
Anwajler B, Witek-Krowiak A. Three-Dimensional Printing of Multifunctional Composites: Fabrication, Applications, and Biodegradability Assessment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7531. [PMID: 38138674 PMCID: PMC10744785 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, with its wide range of printable materials, and ability to minimize material usage, reduce labor costs, and minimize waste, has sparked a growing enthusiasm among researchers for the production of advanced multifunctional composites. This review evaluates recent reports on polymer composites used in 3D printing, and their printing techniques, with special emphasis on composites containing different types of additives (inorganic and biomass-derived) that support the structure of the prints. Possible applications for additive 3D printing have also been identified. The biodegradation potential of polymeric biocomposites was analyzed and possible pathways for testing in different environments (aqueous, soil, and compost) were identified, including different methods for evaluating the degree of degradation of samples. Guidelines for future research to ensure environmental safety were also identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Anwajler
- Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Davis D, Narayanan SK, Ajeev A, Nair J, Jeeji J, Vijayan A, Viyyur Kuttyadi M, Nelliparambil Sathian A, Arulraj AK. Flexible Paper-Based Room-Temperature Acetone Sensors with Ultrafast Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37075219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based lightweight, degradable, low-cost, and eco-friendly substrates are extensively used in wearable biosensor applications, albeit to a lesser extent in sensing acetone and other gas-phase analytes. Generally, rigid substrates with heaters have been employed to develop acetone sensors due to the high operating/recovery temperature (typically above 200 °C), limiting the use of papers as substrates in such sensing applications. In this work, we proposed fabricating the paper-based, room-temperature-operatable acetone sensor using ZnO-polyaniline-based acetone-sensing inks by a facile fabrication method. The fabricated paper-based electrodes showed good electrical conductivity (80 S/m) and mechanical stability (∼1000 bending cycles). The acetone sensors showed a sensitivity of 0.02/100 ppm and 0.6/10 μL with an ultrafast response (4 s) and recovery time (15 s) at room temperature. The sensors delivered a broad sensitivity over a physiological range of 260 to >1000 ppm with R2 > 0.98 under atmospheric conditions. Further, the role of the surface, interfacial, microstructure, electrical, and electromechanical properties of the paper-based sensor devices has been correlated with the sensitivity and room-temperature recovery observed in our system. These versatile, green, flexible electronic devices would be ideal for low-cost, highly regenerative, room-/low-temperature-operable wearable sensor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Disiya Davis
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Shornur Road, Athani, MG Kavu Post, Thrissur 680581, Kerala, India
| | - Swathi Krishna Narayanan
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Shornur Road, Athani, MG Kavu Post, Thrissur 680581, Kerala, India
| | - Arya Ajeev
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Shornur Road, Athani, MG Kavu Post, Thrissur 680581, Kerala, India
| | - Jayashree Nair
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Shornur Road, Athani, MG Kavu Post, Thrissur 680581, Kerala, India
| | - Jithin Jeeji
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Shornur Road, Athani, MG Kavu Post, Thrissur 680581, Kerala, India
| | - Ananthu Vijayan
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Shornur Road, Athani, MG Kavu Post, Thrissur 680581, Kerala, India
| | - Midhun Viyyur Kuttyadi
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Shornur Road, Athani, MG Kavu Post, Thrissur 680581, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Nelliparambil Sathian
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Shornur Road, Athani, MG Kavu Post, Thrissur 680581, Kerala, India
| | - Arul Kashmir Arulraj
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Shornur Road, Athani, MG Kavu Post, Thrissur 680581, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barandun G, Gonzalez-Macia L, Lee HS, Dincer C, Güder F. Challenges and Opportunities for Printed Electrical Gas Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2804-2822. [PMID: 36131601 PMCID: PMC9623589 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Printed electrical gas sensors are a low-cost, lightweight, low-power, and potentially disposable alternative to gas sensors manufactured using conventional methods such as photolithography, etching, and chemical vapor deposition. The growing interest in Internet-of-Things, smart homes, wearable devices, and point-of-need sensors has been the main driver fueling the development of new classes of printed electrical gas sensors. In this Perspective, we provide an insight into the current research related to printed electrical gas sensors including materials, methods of fabrication, and applications in monitoring food quality, air quality, diagnosis of diseases, and detection of hazardous gases. We further describe the challenges and future opportunities for this emerging technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giandrin Barandun
- Imperial
College London, Department of Bioengineering,
Royal School of Mines, SW7
2AZ London, United Kingdom
- BlakBear,
Ltd, 7-8 Child’s
Place, SW5 9RX London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- Imperial
College London, Department of Bioengineering,
Royal School of Mines, SW7
2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Seok Lee
- Imperial
College London, Department of Bioengineering,
Royal School of Mines, SW7
2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT
Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
- Department
of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University
of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Firat Güder
- Imperial
College London, Department of Bioengineering,
Royal School of Mines, SW7
2AZ London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye X, Ge L, Jiang T, Guo H, Chen B, Liu C, Hayashi K. Fully Inkjet-Printed Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on Molecularly Imprinted Sol-Gel Active Materials. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1819-1828. [PMID: 35731925 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of chemiresistive sensors by inkjet printing is recognized as a breakthrough in gas-sensing applications. One challenge of this technology, however, is how to enhance the cross-selectivity of the sensor array. Herein, we present a ketjen black (KB) ink and molecularly imprinted sol-gel (MISG) inks to support the fabrication of a fully inkjet-printed chemiresistive sensor array, enabling the highly accurate recognition of volatile organic acids (VOAs) on the molecular level. The MISG/KB sensor array was prepared on a glossy photographic paper with a three-layer structure: a circuit layer by a commercial silver ink, a conductive layer by a KB ink, and an active selective layer by MISG inks imprinted by different templates. Hexanoic acid (HA), heptanoic acid, and octanoic acid were used as templates to prepare the MISGs and as targets to evaluate the detection and discrimination performance of the sensor array. Three resultant MISG/KB sensors exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity to VOA vapors. The limit of detection and imprinting factor were 0.018 ppm and 7.82, respectively, for HA-MISG/KB sensors to the corresponding target. With linear discriminant analysis of the gas responses, the MISG/KB sensor array can realize high discrimination to VOAs in single and binary mixtures. Furthermore, the proposed sensor array showed strong sensor robustness with excellent consistency, durability, bending, and humidity resistance. This work developed a fully inkjet-printed chemiresistive sensor array, enabling the realization of high cross-selectivity detection, achieving low-cost, scalable, and highly reproducible sensor fabrication, moving it closer to reliable, commercial, and wearable multi-analyte human body odor analysis potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Lingpu Ge
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tianshu Jiang
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hao Guo
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chuanjun Liu
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Research Laboratory, U.S.E. Co., Ltd., Tokyo 150-0013, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferreira de Oliveira AE, César Pereira A, Ferreira LF. Fully handwritten electrodes on paper substrate using rollerball pen with silver nanoparticle ink, marker pen with carbon nanotube ink and graphite pencil. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1880-1888. [PMID: 35506547 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00373b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a so-called carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode was printed in on a paper substrate using the handwriting technique and carbon nanotube ink in a marker pen to print the working electrode, graphite pencil to print the counter electrode and graphite/silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink in a rollerball pen to print the quasi-reference electrode. The carbon nanotube electrode was characterized via scanning electron microscopy. The electrode was optimized based on the type of paper, hydrophobic barrier and number of layers. In summary, the optimized parameters included the use of matte paper with a mineral spirit layer. The number of carbon nanotube layers to achieve the best electrochemical performance was 25. The final graphite electrode was a miniaturized and flexible paper-based electrochemical electrode. To evaluate the electrical properties of the electrodes, the ohmic resistance of each ink was tested using a multimeter and the obtained values were 18.62 kΩ for the CNT ink, 1.53 Ω for the AgNP ink and 3.53 kΩ for the graphite trace. These results indicate the good conductivity of each synthesized ink used in the fabrication of the CNT electrode. Finally, the electrode was used to measure the electrochemical response of different concentrations of K4[Fe(CN)6]. Then, a calibration curve was obtained from the voltammograms and linearity was observed in the range of 0.5-3.5 mM. This suggests that the CNT electrode has the potential to be used as an amperometric electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Ferreira de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, UFSJ, São João del-Rei, MG, CEP 36307-352, Brazil.
| | - Arnaldo César Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, UFSJ, São João del-Rei, MG, CEP 36307-352, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Franco Ferreira
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suly P, Sevcik J, Dmonte DJ, Urbanek P, Kuritka I. Inkjet Printability Assessment of Weakly Viscoelastic Fluid: A Semidilute Polyvinylpyrrolidone Solution Ink Case Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8557-8568. [PMID: 34233120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present an integrated approach to the weakly viscoelastic fluid printability assessment by using global dimensionless criteria (DC). The problem was studied on a model semidiluted polyvinylpyrrolidone water-based ink. For the study purpose, the ink composition was kept as simple as possible. First, the solution density, viscosity, and surface tension were determined. Obtained data were used for testing limitations of DC printability diagrams already available for Newtonian fluids. A replotted version of the original Kim and Baek's map was developed emphasizing the importance of surface tension in the drop formation process. Another set of DC (e.g., Ec and De) was also used for a real evaluation of the viscoelasticity effect on both jetting conditions and drop formation. The polymer relaxation time as a crucial parameter for viscoelasticity was shown to be calculated using the Kuhn segment length rather than from Zimm and Rouse theories for diluted polymer systems. Then, a two-dimensional diagram using four DC (Oh and De with Ec and El as parameters) is proposed based on the famous McKinley's work. The diagram describes the interplay of possible forces responsible for filament thinning and breakup processes. Obtained results were supported by further experiments involving drop ejection and formation, determination of critical polymer concentration, and others. The proposed diagram promises a useful initial step in further investigations of viscoelasticity of polymer compounds by inkjet printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Suly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Sevcik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - David J Dmonte
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Urbanek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Kuritka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardenas JA, Lu S, Williams NX, Doherty JL, Franklin AD. In-Place Printing of Flexible Electrolyte-Gated Carbon Nanotube Transistors with Enhanced Stability. IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE ELECTRON DEVICES SOCIETY 2021; 42:367-370. [PMID: 33746353 PMCID: PMC7978402 DOI: 10.1109/led.2021.3055787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ion gel-based dielectrics have long been considered for enabling low-voltage operation in printed thin-film transistors (TFTs), but their compatibility with in-place printing (a streamlined, direct-write printing approach where devices never leave the printer mid- or post-process) remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a simple and rapid 4-step in-place printing procedure for producing low-voltage electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film transistors at low temperature (80 °C). This process consists of the use of polymer-wrapped CNT inks for printed channels, silver nanowire inks for printed electrodes, and imidazolium-based ion gel inks for printed gate dielectrics. We find that the efficacy of rinsing CNT films and printing an ion gel in-place is optimized using an elevated platen temperature (as opposed to external rinsing or post-process annealing), where resultant devices exhibited on/off-current ratios exceeding 103, mobilities exceeding 10 cm2V-1s-1, and gate hysteresis of only 0.1 V. Additionally, devices were tested under mechanical strain and long-term bias, showing exceptional flexibility and electrochemical stability over the course of 14-hour bias tests. The findings presented here widen the potential scope of print-in-place (PIP) devices and reveal new avenues of investigation for the improvement of bias stress stability in electrolyte-gated transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Cardenas
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Shiheng Lu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Nicholas X Williams
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - James L Doherty
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Aaron D Franklin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| |
Collapse
|