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Larki I, Zahedi A, Asadi M, Forootan MM, Farajollahi M, Ahmadi R, Ahmadi A. Mitigation approaches and techniques for combustion power plants flue gas emissions: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166108. [PMID: 37567281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Population growth and urbanization are driving energy demand. Despite the development of renewable energy technologies, most of this demand is still met by fossil fuels. Flue gases are the main air pollutants from combustion power plants. These pollutants include particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon oxides (COx). The release of these pollutants has adverse effects on human health and the environment, including serious damage to the human respiratory system, acid rain, climate change, and global warming. In this review, a wide range of conventional and new technologies that have the potential to be used in the combustion power plant sector to manage and reduce flue gas pollutants have been examined. Nowadays, conventional approaches to emissions control and management, which focus primarily on post-combustion techniques, face several challenges despite their widespread use and commendable effectiveness. Therefore, studies that have proposed alternative approaches to achieve improved and more efficient methods are reviewed. The results show that new advances such as novel PM collectors, attaining an efficiency of nearly 100 % for submicron particles, microwave systems, boasting an efficiency of nearly 90 % for NO and over 95 % for SO2, electrochemical systems achieving above 90 % efficiency for NOx reduction, non-thermal plasma processes demonstrating an efficiency close to 90 % for NOx, microalgae-based methods with efficiency ranging from 80 % to 99 % for CO2, and wet scrubbing, exhibit considerable potential in addressing the shortcomings of conventional systems. Furthermore, the integration of hybrid methods, particularly in regions prioritizing environmental concerns over economic considerations, holds promise for enhanced control and removal of flue gas pollutants with superior efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Larki
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zahedi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Asadi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Forootan
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Farajollahi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Ahmadi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ahmadi
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Xiao L, Zhai X, Han Y, Chen H, Li H. Experimental Study on Humidification Coagulation and Removal of Fine Particles Using an Electrostatic Precipitator. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092065. [PMID: 37177211 PMCID: PMC10180578 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) has much higher capture rate for fine particulate matter, PM2.5, than a traditional dry type electrostatic precipitator does. In order to make full use of existing dust removal equipment and reduce the emissions of smoke and dust to zero, a combination of chemical coagulation and humidification coagulation is proposed using a WESP. The results show that the addition of chemical coagulant can promote the coagulation of coal-fired dust particles. After the addition of pectin (PG), the median diameter of dust particles increases from 28.19 μm to 45.28 μm. Water vapor humidification can promote the coagulation of dust particles. When the water vapor injection rate increases from 0 kg/h to 3.2 kg/h, the median diameter of dust particles increases from 28.19 μm to 36.45 μm. The synergistic effect of the coagulant and water vapor can enhance the chemical coagulation effect; when 1.0 × 10-2 g/L PG and 3.2 kg/h water vapor synergize, the collection efficiency reaches 98.17%, and when 1.0 × 10-2 g/L polyacrylamide (PAM) and 3.2 kg/h water vapor synergize, the collection efficiency reaches 96.68%. Both chemical coagulation and water vapor humidification can promote the condensation of coal dust, which is beneficial to improve the efficient capture of fine particles using WESP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Xiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hongrui Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hengtian Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Men C, Liu R, Wang Y, Cao L, Jiao L, Li L, Shen Z. A four-way model (FEST) for source apportionment: Development, verification, and application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128009. [PMID: 34923386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In studying the spatial, temporal, and particle size variations heavy metal sources, a source apportionment model for a four-way array of data is required. In this study, referencing two-way and three-way models, a four-way (particle fractions, elements, sites, and time) source apportionment model (FEST) was developed. Errors in the three-way models solving four-way problems verified the necessity of developing the FEST model. The results showed that the FEST model had a higher accuracy than the existing models, which was probably because of more constraints and input data in the FEST model. Based on the sampled data in Beijing, sources were apportioned for the four-way array of data using the FEST model, and the spatial, temporal, and particle size variations of sources were evaluated. The main sources of heavy metals were similar to those in our prior studies, whereas the contributions of sources to specific heavy metals differed. Traffic exhaust and fuel combustion contributed more to fine particles than coarse particles, indicating that the two should be controlled preferentially among all sources. The management of traffic exhaust should be focused on the central and northern areas in each season, and the control of fuel combustion should be strengthened in the southern area in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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Lv ZY, Yu Y, Ren M, Dang T, Wu S, Zhou H, Gao L, Yue J, Zhang H, Jiping C. Spraying polyacrylamide solution to improve the removal of particle-phase dioxins by bag filter in a full-scale municipal solid waste incineration system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131392. [PMID: 34242988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in a modern municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration power plant to explore the feasibility of using chemical agglomeration agent anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to reduce the atmospheric emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Spraying PAM solution into the cooling tower caused an obvious decrease in the volume fraction of ultrafine and fine particles with diameter of 0.3-30 μm in BF fly ash, and a significant reduction in dust content in stack gas. The increased agglomeration of particles promoted the removal of particle-phase PCDD/Fs by BF, and thus resulted in a lower atmospheric emission of PCDD/Fs. The calculated removal efficiency of PCDD/Fs by BF was almost positively proportional to the concentration of PAM solution, while inversely proportional to the average content of dusk in stack gas. Compared with the control treatment, the spraying of 0.1 g/L PAM solution enhanced the removal efficiency of total tetra-to octa-CDD/Fs (∑PCDD/Fs) from 93.8% to 97.8% by BF, and resulted in a decrease of 47.0% in the concentration of international toxicity equivalent (I-TEQ) in stack gas. During the experiment of 2 d, the spraying of PAM solution did not induce a significant change in the differential pressure of BF, and did not essentially affect the partitioning behaviors of PCDD/F homologues between flue gas and BF fly ash. In view of technical safety and low cost, PAM application is recommended for reducing the atmospheric emission of PCDD/Fs from MSW incineration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Yang Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
| | - Meihui Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tong Dang
- Shanghai Environment Group Co, Ltd., Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Shunyang Wu
- Shanghai Environment Group Co, Ltd., Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Hongquan Zhou
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shanghai Environment Group Co, Ltd., Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Junchao Yue
- Shanghai Environment Group Co, Ltd., Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Chen Jiping
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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