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Shafqat A, Masters MC, Tripathi U, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Hashmi SK. Long COVID as a Disease of Accelerated Biological Aging: An Opportunity to Translate Geroscience Interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102400. [PMID: 38945306 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been four years since long COVID-the protracted consequences that survivors of COVID-19 face-was first described. Yet, this entity continues to devastate the quality of life of an increasing number of COVID-19 survivors without any approved therapy. Furthermore, there remains a paucity of clinical trials addressing the biological root causes of this disease. Notably, the symptoms of long COVID-including but not limited to exercise intolerance, cognitive impairment, orthostasis, and functional decline-are typically seen with advancing age. Leveraging this similarity, we posit that Geroscience-which aims to target the biological drivers of aging to prevent age-associated conditions as a group-could offer promising therapeutic avenues for long COVID. Bearing this in mind, this review presents a framework for studying long COVID as a state of effectively accelerated biological aging. Thus, we comprehensively review here the role of biological hallmarks of aging in long COVID, identifying research gaps and proposing directions for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mary Clare Masters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,, MN, USA
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,, MN, USA; Research and Innovation Center, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Ando M, Nagata K, Takeshita R, Ito N, Noguchi S, Minamikawa N, Kodama N, Yamamoto A, Yashiro T, Hachisu M, Ichihara G, Kishino S, Yamamoto M, Ogawa J, Nishiyama C. The gut lactic acid bacteria metabolite, 10-oxo- cis-6, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid, suppresses inflammatory bowel disease in mice by modulating the NRF2 pathway and GPCR-signaling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374425. [PMID: 38745644 PMCID: PMC11091332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Various gut bacteria, including Lactobacillus plantarum, possess several enzymes that produce hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), oxo FAs, conjugated FAs, and partially saturated FAs from polyunsaturated FAs as secondary metabolites. Among these derivatives, we identified 10-oxo-cis-6,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (γKetoC), a γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-derived enon FA, as the most effective immunomodulator, which inhibited the antigen-induced immunoactivation and LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines. The treatment with γKetoC significantly suppressed proliferation of CD4+ T cells, LPS-induced activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), and LPS-induced IL-6 release from peritoneal cells, splenocytes, and CD11c+ cells isolated from the spleen. γKetoC also inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines from BMDCs stimulated with poly-I:C, R-848, or CpG. Further in vitro experiments using an agonist of GPR40/120 suggested the involvement of these GPCRs in the effects of γKetoC on DCs. We also found that γKetoC stimulated the NRF2 pathway in DCs, and the suppressive effects of γKetoC and agonist of GPR40/120 on the release of IL-6 and IL-12 were reduced in Nrf2-/- BMDCs. We evaluated the role of NRF2 in the anti-inflammatory effects of γKetoC in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model. The oral administration of γKetoC significantly reduced body weight loss, improved stool scores, and attenuated atrophy of the colon, in wild-type C57BL/6 and Nrf2+/- mice with colitis. In contrast, the pathology of colitis was deteriorated in Nrf2-/- mice even with the administration of γKetoC. Collectively, the present results demonstrated the involvement of the NRF2 pathway and GPCRs in γKetoC-mediated anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Ando
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagata
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuki Takeshita
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakura Noguchi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Minamikawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kodama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yashiro
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hachisu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Ding X, Xie H, Shan W, Li L. Agonism of GPR120 Prevented High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis of Retinal Endothelial Cells through Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023; 240:1292-1299. [PMID: 35584771 DOI: 10.1055/a-1811-7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GPR120 has been reported to ameliorate inflammation in diabetes and diabetic complications. In this study, GW9508, the GPR120 agonist, was utilized in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) exposed to high glucose (HG) to investigate the involvement of GPR120 in cellular viability and apoptosis as well as the association with the NLRP3 inflammasome. METHODS The expression of GPR120 in HRMECs cultured under HG was firstly detected by Western blotting. HRMECs were then assigned to the normal control, GW9508, HG, and HG + GW9508 groups. The expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome consists of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 and was detected by Western blotting and the downstream IL-1β and IL-18 by ELISA. The cellular viability and apoptosis of HRMECs were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting. Finally, nonspecific siRNA (NS) or GPR120 siRNA (siGPR120) was transfected to the cells, followed by stimulation with or without GW9508 or HG, and the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 were detected by Western blotting in these groups. RESULTS GPR120 is expressed in HRMECs, and HG can reduce its expression in a time-dependent manner. GW9508 can attenuate inflammation by reducing the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 under HG. GW9508 rescues the viability of HRMCs and reduces cell apoptosis by preventing an increase in Bax expression and the reduction in Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, knockdown of GPR120 by siRNA weakened the effects of GW9508 on NLRP3 inflammasome expression. CONCLUSIONS Activation of GPR120 protects retinal vascular endothelial cells from HG through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, GPR120 might be a potential therapeutic target to reduce retinal endothelial damage in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoji People's Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijuan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoji People's Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wuqiang Shan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoji People's Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ligang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Aier Ancient City Eye Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Huang F, Liu X, Fu X, Chen Y, Jiang D, Wang T, Hu R, Zou X, Hu H, Liu C. 3D-Printed Bioactive Scaffold Loaded with GW9508 Promotes Critical-Size Bone Defect Repair by Regulating Intracellular Metabolism. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050535. [PMID: 37237605 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of bone regeneration is complicated, and it is still a major clinical challenge to regenerate critical-size bone defects caused by severe trauma, infection, and tumor resection. Intracellular metabolism has been found to play an important role in the cell fate decision of skeletal progenitor cells. GW9508, a potent agonist of the free fatty acid receptors GPR40 and GPR120, appears to have a dual effect of inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteogenesis by regulating intracellular metabolism. Hence, in this study, GW9508 was loaded on a scaffold based on biomimetic construction principles to facilitate the bone regeneration process. Through 3D printing and ion crosslinking, hybrid inorganic-organic implantation scaffolds were obtained after integrating 3D-printed β-TCP/CaSiO3 scaffolds with a Col/Alg/HA hydrogel. The 3D-printed β-TCP/CaSiO3 scaffolds had an interconnected porous structure that simulated the porous structure and mineral microenvironment of bone, and the hydrogel network shared similar physicochemical properties with the extracellular matrix. The final osteogenic complex was obtained after GW9508 was loaded into the hybrid inorganic-organic scaffold. To investigate the biological effects of the obtained osteogenic complex, in vitro studies and a rat cranial critical-size bone defect model were utilized. Metabolomics analysis was conducted to explore the preliminary mechanism. The results showed that 50 μM GW9508 facilitated osteogenic differentiation by upregulating osteogenic genes, including Alp, Runx2, Osterix, and Spp1 in vitro. The GW9508-loaded osteogenic complex enhanced osteogenic protein secretion and facilitated new bone formation in vivo. Finally, the results from metabolomics analysis suggested that GW9508 promoted stem cell differentiation and bone formation through multiple intracellular metabolism pathways, including purine and pyrimidine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. This study provides a new approach to address the challenge of critical-size bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xihong Fu
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tingxuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rongcheng Hu
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Bloom SI, Islam MT, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Mechanisms and consequences of endothelial cell senescence. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:38-51. [PMID: 35853997 PMCID: PMC10026597 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are located at the crucial interface between circulating blood and semi-solid tissues and have many important roles in maintaining systemic physiological function. The vascular endothelium is particularly susceptible to pathogenic stimuli that activate tumour suppressor pathways leading to cellular senescence. We now understand that senescent endothelial cells are highly active, secretory and pro-inflammatory, and have an aberrant morphological phenotype. Moreover, endothelial senescence has been identified as an important contributor to various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this Review, we discuss the consequences of endothelial cell exposure to damaging stimuli (haemodynamic forces and circulating and endothelial-derived factors) and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that induce endothelial cell senescence. We also discuss how endothelial cell senescence causes arterial dysfunction and contributes to clinical cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Finally, we summarize the latest evidence on the effect of eliminating senescent endothelial cells (senolysis) and identify important remaining questions to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel I Bloom
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Md Torikul Islam
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Jiang H, Zhou Y, Nabavi SM, Sahebkar A, Little PJ, Xu S, Weng J, Ge J. Mechanisms of Oxidized LDL-Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Consequences for the Development of Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:925923. [PMID: 35722128 PMCID: PMC9199460 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.925923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an immuno-metabolic disease involving chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetics, and metabolic dysfunction. There is compelling evidence suggesting numerous modifications including the change of the size, density, and biochemical properties in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) within the vascular wall. These modifications of LDL, in addition to LDL transcytosis and retention, contribute to the initiation, development and clinical consequences of atherosclerosis. Among different atherogenic modifications of LDL, oxidation represents a primary modification. A series of pathophysiological changes caused by oxidized LDL (oxLDL) enhance the formation of foam cells and atherosclerotic plaques. OxLDL also promotes the development of fatty streaks and atherogenesis through induction of endothelial dysfunction, formation of foam cells, monocyte chemotaxis, proliferation and migration of SMCs, and platelet activation, which culminate in plaque instability and ultimately rupture. This article provides a concise review of the formation of oxLDL, enzymes mediating LDL oxidation, and the receptors and pro-atherogenic signaling pathways of oxLDL in vascular cells. The review also explores how oxLDL functions in different stages of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Future targeted pathways and therapies aiming at reducing LDL oxidation and/or lowering oxLDL levels and oxLDL-mediated pro-inflammatory responses are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peter J. Little
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suowen Xu ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5488-5217
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Jianping Weng ; orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-1697
| | - Jianjun Ge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Ge ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-6049
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Sun D, Zhang M, Wei M, Wang Z, Qiao W, Liu P, Zhong X, Liang Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Yu W. Ox-LDL-mediated ILF3 overexpression in gastric cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3887-3909. [PMID: 35507914 PMCID: PMC9134943 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of dyslipidemia and interleukin-enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) in gastric cancer, and provide insights into the potential application of statins as an agent to prevent and treat gastric cancer. Methods: The expression levels of ILF3 in gastric cancer were examined with publicly available datasets such as TCGA, and western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the expression of ILF3 in clinical specimens. The effects of ox-LDL on expression of ILF3 were further verified with western blot analyses. RNA sequencing, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) pathway analyses were performed to reveal the potential downstream signaling pathway targets of ILF3. The effects of statins and ILF3 on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were investigated with Edu assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. Results: Immunohistochemistry and western blot demonstrated that the positive expression rates of ILF3 in gastric cancer tissues were higher than adjacent mucosa tissues. The ox-LDL promoted the expression of ILF3 in a time-concentration-dependent manner. ILF3 promoted the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Statins inhibited the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of gastric cancer by inhibiting the expression of ILF3. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that ox-LDL promotes ILF3 overexpression to regulate gastric cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Statins inhibits the expression of ILF3, which might be a new targeted therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yize Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Nursing Department, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yadi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Irwin DC, Gerasimovskaya E, Lahm T, Klemm DJ, Dempsey EC, Stenmark KR, Karoor V. Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3347. [PMID: 34943862 PMCID: PMC8699532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have originally been described as a family of receptors activated by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators. However, in recent years GPCRs have shown to bind endogenous metabolites, which serve functions other than as signaling mediators. These receptors respond to fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, or various intermediates and products of metabolism, including ketone bodies, lactate, succinate, or bile acids. Given that many of these metabolic processes are dysregulated under pathological conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, receptors of endogenous metabolites have also been recognized as potential drug targets to prevent and/or treat metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes G protein-coupled receptors activated by endogenous metabolites and summarizes their physiological, pathophysiological, and potential pharmacological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - David C. Irwin
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Sheng S, Xu J, Liang Q, Hong L, Zhang L. Astragaloside IV Inhibits Bleomycin-Induced Ferroptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Mediating LPC. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6241242. [PMID: 34760046 PMCID: PMC8575634 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6241242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as an iron-dependent programmed cell death pathway, can induce a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), which is purified from Astragalus membranaceus, can protect endothelial function and promote vascular regeneration. However, the role played by AS-IV in ferroptosis remains unknown. In this study, the lipid metabolomics in HUVECs treated with/without bleomycin and/or AS-IV were explored using LC/MS. The most differential metabolite between groups was further identified via GO and pathway enrichment analyses. The effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), AS-IV, and FIN56 on cell viability were explored using the CCK-8 assay, their effects on cell senescence were examined by β-galactosidase staining, and their effects on ferroptosis were detected by a flow cytometric analysis of lipid ROS levels, transmission electron microscopy, and an assay for cellular iron levels. The related mechanisms were investigated by real-time PCR and Western blot assays. Our results showed that LPC, as the most differential metabolite, inhibited cell viability but promoted cell apoptosis and senescence as its concentration increased. Also, the decreased cell activity, increased iron ion and lipid ROS levels, and the enhanced cell senescence induced by LPC treatment were all significantly reversed by AS-IV but further enhanced by FIN56 treatment. The changes in mitochondrial morphology caused by the LPC treatment were significantly alleviated by the AS-IV treatment, while treatment with FIN56 reversed those phenomena. Moreover, AS-IV partially upregulated the levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression which were reduced by LPC. However, those changes were prevented by FIN56 treatment. In conclusion, our data suggested that AS-IV could serve as a novel drug for treating ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Long Gang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Sithole C, Pieterse C, Howard K, Kasonga A. GPR120 Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Resorption by Attenuating Reactive Oxygen Species Production in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910544. [PMID: 34638884 PMCID: PMC8508775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that are responsible for the resorption of bone. Bone degenerative diseases, such as osteoporosis, are characterized by overactive osteoclasts. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) binding to its receptor on osteoclast precursors will trigger osteoclast formation and resorption. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to play a crucial role in RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and resorption. G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) signalling has been shown to affect osteoclast formation, but the exact mechanisms of action require further investigation. RAW264.7 murine macrophages were seeded into culture plates and exposed to the GPR120 agonist, TUG-891, at varying concentrations (20–100 µM) and RANKL to induce osteoclast formation. TUG-891 was shown to inhibit osteoclast formation and resorption without affecting cell viability in RAW264.7 macrophages. TUG-891 further decreased ROS production when compared to RANKL only cells. Antioxidant proteins, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were shown to be upregulated while the ROS inducing protein, Nox1, was downregulated by TUG-891. Gene silencing revealed that TUG-891 exerted its effects specifically through GPR120. This study reveals that GPR120 signalling may inhibit osteoclast formation and resorption through inhibition on ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sithole
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (C.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Carla Pieterse
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (C.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Kayla Howard
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;
| | - Abe Kasonga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (C.S.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-319-2433
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11
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Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases that includes obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). FFAs serve as ligands for free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) that belong to the family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are expressed throughout the body to maintain energy homeostasis under changing nutritional conditions. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 120, is a long-chain fatty acid receptor highly expressed in adipocytes, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Activation of FFAR4 helps maintain metabolic homeostasis by regulating adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Furthermore, dysfunction of FFAR4 is associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and eccentric remodeling in both humans and mice, making FFAR4 an attractive therapeutic target for treating or preventing metabolic diseases. While much of the previous literature on FFAR4 has focused on its role in obesity and diabetes, recent studies have demonstrated that FFAR4 may also play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD. Most notably, FFAR4 activation reduces monocyte-endothelial cell interaction, enhances cholesterol efflux from macrophages, reduces lesion size in atherogenic mouse models, and stimulates oxylipin production in myocytes that functions in a feed-forward cardioprotective mechanism. This review will focus on the role of FFAR4 in metabolic diseases and highlights an underappreciated role of FFAR4 in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage M Stuttgen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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