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Hegde C, Su J, Tan JMR, He K, Chen X, Magdassi S. Sensing in Soft Robotics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15277-15307. [PMID: 37530475 PMCID: PMC10448757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Soft robotics is an exciting field of science and technology that enables robots to manipulate objects with human-like dexterity. Soft robots can handle delicate objects with care, access remote areas, and offer realistic feedback on their handling performance. However, increased dexterity and mechanical compliance of soft robots come with the need for accurate control of the position and shape of these robots. Therefore, soft robots must be equipped with sensors for better perception of their surroundings, location, force, temperature, shape, and other stimuli for effective usage. This review highlights recent progress in sensing feedback technologies for soft robotic applications. It begins with an introduction to actuation technologies and material selection in soft robotics, followed by an in-depth exploration of various types of sensors, their integration methods, and the benefits of multimodal sensing, signal processing, and control strategies. A short description of current market leaders in soft robotics is also included in the review to illustrate the growing demands of this technology. By examining the latest advancements in sensing feedback technologies for soft robots, this review aims to highlight the potential of soft robotics and inspire innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidanand Hegde
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ
alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jiangtao Su
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ
alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Joel Ming Rui Tan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ
alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ
alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ
alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Singapore-HUJ
alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Casali
Center for Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Herold SE, Kyser AJ, Orr MG, Mahmoud MY, Lewis WG, Lewis AL, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Frieboes HB. Release Kinetics of Metronidazole from 3D Printed Silicone Scaffolds for Sustained Application to the Female Reproductive Tract. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2023; 5:100078. [PMID: 37123989 PMCID: PMC10136949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2023.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained vaginal administration of antibiotics or probiotics has been proposed to improve treatment efficacy for bacterial vaginosis. 3D printing has shown promise for development of systems for local agent delivery. In contrast to oral ingestion, agent release kinetics can be fine-tuned by the 3D printing of specialized scaffold designs tailored for particular treatments while enhancing dosage effectiveness via localized sustained release. It has been challenging to establish scaffold properties as a function of fabrication parameters to obtain sustained release. In particular, the relationships between scaffold curing conditions, compressive strength, and drug release kinetics remain poorly understood. This study evaluates 3D printed scaffold formulation and feasibility to sustain the release of metronidazole, a commonly used antibiotic for BV. Cylindrical silicone scaffolds were printed and cured using three different conditions relevant to potential future incorporation of temperature-sensitive labile biologics. Compressive strength and drug release were monitored for 14d in simulated vaginal fluid to assess long-term effects of fabrication conditions on mechanical integrity and release kinetics. Scaffolds were mechanically evaluated to determine compressive and tensile strength, and elastic modulus. Release profiles were fitted to previous kinetic models to differentiate potential release mechanisms. The Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Peppas-Sahlin models best described the release, indicating similarity to release from insoluble or polymeric matrices. This study shows the feasibility of 3D printed silicone scaffolds to provide sustained metronidazole release over 14d, with compressive strength and drug release kinetics tuned by the fabrication parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E. Herold
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anthony J. Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Margaret G. Orr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed Y. Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Warren G. Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Amanda L. Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Jill M. Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hermann B. Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Zhou J, Tang L. Synthesis and Structure of 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate-Capped Isophorone Diisocyanate and Poly(Propylene Glycol) Urethane Mixtures and the Properties of their UV-Cured Co-Networks with Isobornyl Methacrylate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8586. [PMID: 36500080 PMCID: PMC9737471 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane acrylate prepolymers with different contents of HIPIH and HIH were synthesized via reacting excessive isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and then end-capping with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) in isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA). After the addition of the photoinitiator PI 1173, the resulting prepolymer resins were irradiated by UV light to form cured materials. The structures of the prepolymers were confirmed by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and GPC. SEM analyses proved that no obvious phase separation was observed within the cured sample. As the content of HIH increased, the viscosity of the prepolymers increased slightly. In addition, the gel content, solvent resistance, Shore hardness, Young's modulus, and the tensile strength of the cured films increased, whereas the elongation at break decreased gradually. The volume shrinkage of the cured samples ranged between 4.5% and 4.8%. DMA analyses showed that the Tgs of the cured samples increased as more HIH structures existed. TGA analyses revealed that the cured samples had high thermal stability. This solvent-free fabrication process was simple, convenient, and controllable. By simply regulating the contents of HIPIH and HIH in the prepolymers, the performances of the cured materials could be adjusted to a wide range.
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Preparation and characterization of UV-cured epoxy acrylate-based nanocomposite coatings containing organonanoclay. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jiao X, Song Y, He N, Wang X, Huang M, Zhang L, Li X, Xu J, Chen J, Li W, Lai G, Hua X, Yang X. High Tensile Strength UV-Cured Castor Oil-Based Silicone-Modified Polyurethane Acrylates. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12680-12689. [PMID: 35474791 PMCID: PMC9026085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High tensile strength UV-cured transparent materials are highly desired in optical devices. In this paper, high tensile strength UV-cured transparent castor oil-based polyurethane acrylates (PUAs) with a very high transmittance over 95% (400-800 nm) were prepared from UV-curable castor oil-based polyurethane acrylates (CO-PUAs) and mercapto silicone-containing hyperbranched polymers (HBPSHs) under UV irradiation. The tensile strengths of UV-cured transparent castor oil-based PUAs can reach 12.49 MPa, which is obviously higher than that of UV-cured CO-PUAs reported previously (0.7-10.20 MPa). The chemical structure of HBPSHs will play an important role in the mechanical performance of UV-cured silicone-modified materials, and it can be concluded that the more rigid the units of α,β-dihydroxyl derivatives used in the fabrication of HBPSHs are, the higher the mechanical strength and pencil hardness of the UV-cured materials will be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Jiao
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yan Song
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Na He
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ming Huang
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaocheng Li
- Hebei
Houfeng Silicone Products Co., Ltd., Wenan County, Hebei 065000, China
| | - Jinchang Xu
- Hebei
Houfeng Silicone Products Co., Ltd., Wenan County, Hebei 065000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guoqiao Lai
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xilin Hua
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiongfa Yang
- College
of Material, Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Seok WC, Park JH, Song HJ. Effect of silane acrylate on the surface properties, adhesive performance, and rheological behavior of acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives for flexible displays. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Xie A, Chen X, Ai X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu X, Xing T, Chen G. Novel fabrication of robust superhydrophobic polyester fabric with eugenol based on thiol-ene click chemistry for self-cleaning and water–oil separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lim SH, Ly NH, Lee JA, Kim JE, La SW, Huong VT, Tran TG, Ho NT, Noh SM, Son SJ, Joo SW. Nanopatterned Polymer Molds Using Anodized Aluminum Templates for Anti-Reflective Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193333. [PMID: 34641158 PMCID: PMC8512740 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work introduces a facile geometry-controlled method for the fabrication of embossed and engraved polymeric moth-eye-inspired nanostructures in imprinting molds using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, resulting in a novel anti-reflective transparent coating. The moth-eye nanostructures are prepared directly on the surface of a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. As a prerequisite procedure, a UV-curable polyurethane acrylate resin is spun on the PET. The shape of the moth-eye nanostructures can then be adjusted by controlling the size and shape of the nanopores in the AAO templates. Both embossed and concaved polymer moth-eye nanostructures were successfully mounted on a PET substrate. Embossed polymer replica molds were prepared using the AAO master templates in combination with an imprinting process. As revealed by field-emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) images, conical nanopatterns in the AAO template with a diameter of ~90 nm and a depth of ~100 nm, create a homogeneous embossed morphology in the polymer moth-eye nanostructure. The polymeric molds with the depths of 300 and 500 nm revealed the amalgamated structures in their apexes. In addition, a dip-imprinting process of the polymeric layers was implemented to yield a concaved mold by assembly on the surface of the 100 nm embossed polymer mold substrate. Considering that the embossed structures may be crumbled due to their protuberant shapes, the concaved geometries can have an advantage of stability in a certain application concerning physical degradation along with a higher transmission by ~2%, despite somewhat nonuniform structure. The experimental and theoretical results of this study indicate that this polymer layer has the potential for use in anti-reflective coating applications in transparent films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hyuk Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (S.H.L.); (N.H.L.); (J.A.L.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Nguyễn Hoàng Ly
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (S.H.L.); (N.H.L.); (J.A.L.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Jung A. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (S.H.L.); (N.H.L.); (J.A.L.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (S.H.L.); (N.H.L.); (J.A.L.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Se-Woong La
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (V.T.H.); (T.-G.T.); (N.T.H.)
| | - Vu Thi Huong
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (V.T.H.); (T.-G.T.); (N.T.H.)
| | - Thi-Giang Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (V.T.H.); (T.-G.T.); (N.T.H.)
| | - Ngoc Thanh Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (V.T.H.); (T.-G.T.); (N.T.H.)
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.); (S.J.S.); (S.-W.J.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0434 (S.-W.J.)
| | - Sang Jun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (S.H.L.); (N.H.L.); (J.A.L.); (J.E.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.); (S.J.S.); (S.-W.J.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0434 (S.-W.J.)
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea; (S.-W.L.); (V.T.H.); (T.-G.T.); (N.T.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.); (S.J.S.); (S.-W.J.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0434 (S.-W.J.)
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