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Cao P, Li Y, Shao J. Experimental Study on the Preparation of Lignin-Based Activated Carbon and the Adsorption Performance for Phenol. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24453-24463. [PMID: 38882099 PMCID: PMC11170647 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Biomass waste and wastewater are important wastes in the process of industrialization, which need to be effectively treated and utilized. In this work, an innovative method of collaborative treatment of biomass waste and phenol-containing wastewater is proposed. Biomass waste was used to produce activated carbon (AC), and then AC was used for phenol removal in wastewater treatment. Two kinds of typical biomass waste material, namely, coconut shell and lignin, were used. Physical activation (steam activation) and chemical activation methods were compared. Results show that steam activation is an effective method for coconut shell AC production. The largest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area was 1065 m2/g at 800 °C. Chemical activation could produce AC samples with higher BET specific surface area. The lignin AC with K2CO3 activation has the largest BET surface of 1723.8 m2/g at 800 °C. FTIR results indicated that K2CO3 activation could greatly enhance the formation of surface oxygen-containing functional groups. Both coconut shell AC and lignin AC samples show excellent performance for phenol removal. The highest phenol removal efficiency for coconut shell AC and lignin AC are 96.87% and 98.22%, respectively. Adsorption kinetic analysis show that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model is able to describe the adsorption characteristics of phenol in wastewater treatment. Recycling properties show that regeneration of lignin AC could maintain high adsorption performance for phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jingli Shao
- Shanghai Composite Material Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201112, China
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Wang L, Wang T, Hao R, Wang Y. Synthesis and applications of biomass-derived porous carbon materials in energy utilization and environmental remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139635. [PMID: 37495055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Renewable biomass and its waste are considered among the most promising applications materials owing to the depletion of fossil fuel and concerns about environmental pollution. Notably, advanced porous carbon materials derived from carbon-rich biomass precursors exhibit controllable pore structures, large surface areas, natural microstructures, and abundant functional groups. In addition, these three-dimensional structures provide sufficient reaction sites and fascinating physicochemical properties that are conducive to heteroatom doping and functional modification. This review systematically summarizes the design methods and related mechanisms of biomass-derived porous carbon materials (BDPCMs), discusses how the synthesis conditions influence the structure and performance of the carbon material, and emphasizes the importance of its use in energy utilization and environmental remediation applications. Current BDPCMs challenges and future development strategies are finally discussed to provide systematic information for further synthesis and performance optimization, which are expected to lead to novel ideas for the future development of bio-based carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sandy Shrubs Fibrosis and Energy Development and Utilization, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruidi Hao
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sandy Shrubs Fibrosis and Energy Development and Utilization, Hohhot, 010018, PR China.
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Hou M, He Y, Yang X, Yang Y, Lin X, Feng Y, Kan H, Hu H, He X, Liu C. Preparation of Biomass Biochar with Components of Similar Proportions and Its Methylene Blue Adsorption. Molecules 2023; 28:6261. [PMID: 37687090 PMCID: PMC10488929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed straw, bagasse, and walnut peel have a large amount of resource reserves, but there are few technologies for high value-added utilization. In the research of biochar, walnut green husk is rarely used as raw material. In addition, the three main components of biomass (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) are present in similar proportions, and the differences between the physical and chemical properties of biochar prepared with similar amounts of biomass raw materials are not clear. Using three kinds of biomass of the same quality as raw materials, biochar was prepared via pyrolysis at 400 °C, and activated carbon was prepared via CO2 activation at 800 °C. The results showed that the pore numbers of the three kinds of biochar increased after activation, resulting in the increase of the specific surface area. The resulting numbers were 352.99 m2/g for sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB)-CO2, 215.04 m2/g for rapeseed straw biochar (RSB)-CO2, and 15.53 m2/g for walnut green husk biochar (WGB)-CO2. Ash increased the amount of carbon formation, but a large amount of ash caused biochar to form a perforated structure and decreased the specific surface area (e.g., WGB), which affected adsorption ability. When the three main components were present in similar proportions, a high content of cellulose and lignin was beneficial to the preparation of biochar. The adsorption value of MB by biochar decreased with the increase of biomass ash content. After activation, the maximum adsorption value of MB for bagasse biochar was 178.17 mg/g, rapeseed straw biochar was 119.25 mg/g, and walnut peel biochar was 85.92 mg/g when the concentration of methene blue solution was 300 mg/L and the biochar input was 0.1 g/100 mL at room temperature. The adsorption of MB by biochar in solution occurs simultaneously with physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, with chemical adsorption being dominant. The optimal MB adsorption by SBB-CO2 was dominated by multimolecular-layer adsorption. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of biochar and research on its applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yudan He
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Xuewen Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Yuchun Yang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
- Lincang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Lincang 677000, China
| | - Xu Lin
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Yongxing Feng
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huan Kan
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Huirong Hu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Xiahong He
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (M.H.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (H.K.); (H.H.)
- Lincang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Lincang 677000, China
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Zhang Q, Yan B, Feng L, Zheng J, You B, Chen J, Zhao X, Zhang C, Jiang S, He S. Progress in the use of organic potassium salts for the synthesis of porous carbon nanomaterials: microstructure engineering for advanced supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8216-8244. [PMID: 35665796 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01986h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon nanomaterials (PCNs) are widely applied in energy storage devices. Traditionally, PCNs were mainly synthesized by activation and templating methods, which are time-consuming, tedious, corrosive and relatively high cost. Therefore, the development of easier and greener methods to produce PCNs is of great significance. Recently, organic potassium salts (OPSs) emerged as versatile reagents for synthesizing PCNs. The OPS-based synthesis of PCNs can avoid the use of large amounts of corrosive chemical agents. Potassium carbonate generated in situ from the decomposition of OPSs could serve as both a green activation agent and a water-removable template to produce nanopores. Potassium oxide and potassium formed at higher temperature could generate additional porosity, contributing to a highly porous architecture. The carbon-rich organic moiety could function as a carbon precursor and chemical blowing agent. This review aims to elucidate the multifunctionality of OPSs in the synthesis of PCNs and the capacitive performance of the corresponding PCNs. To this end, recent progress on the capacitive performance of PCNs synthesized from OPSs is summarized. This review provides constructive viewpoints for the cost-effective and green synthesis of PCNs with the aid of OPSs for application in supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Li Feng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Bo You
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Jiayun Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shuijian He
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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