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Kumar S, Kumar A, Kumar A, Chakkar AG, Betal A, Kumar P, Sahu S, Kumar M. Catalytic synergy of WS 2-anchored PdSe 2 for highly sensitive hydrogen gas sensor. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38682669 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is widely used in industrial processes and is one of the well-known choices for storage of renewable energy. H2 detection has become crucial for safety in manufacturing, storage, and transportation due to its strong explosivity. To overcome the issue of explosion, there is a need for highly selective and sensitive H2 sensors that can function at low temperatures. In this research, we have adequately fabricated an unreported van der Waals (vdWs) PdSe2/WS2 heterostructure, which exhibits exceptional properties as a H2 sensor. The formation of these heterostructure devices involves the direct selenization process using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of Pd films that have been deposited on the substrate of SiO2/Si by DC sputtering, followed by drop casting of WS2 nanoparticles prepared by a hydrothermal method onto device substrates including pre-patterned electrodes. The confirmation of the heterostructure has been done through the utilization of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), depth-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. Also, the average roughness of thin films is decided by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The comprehensive research shows that the PdSe2/WS2 heterostructure-based sensor produces a response that is equivalent to 67.4% towards 50 ppm H2 at 100 °C. The response could be a result of the heterostructure effect and the superior selectivity for H2 gas in contrast to other gases, including NO2, CH4, CO and CO2, suggesting tremendous potential for H2 detection. Significantly, the sensor exhibits fast response and a recovery time of 31.5 s and 136.6 s, respectively. Moreover, the explanation of the improvement in gas sensitivity was suggested by exploiting the energy band positioning of the PdSe2/WS2 heterostructure, along with a detailed study of variations in the surface potential. This study has the potential to provide a road map for the advancement of gas sensors utilizing two-dimensional (2D) vdWs heterostructures, which exhibit superior performance at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, India.
| | - Atul G Chakkar
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Atanu Betal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Satyajit Sahu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, India.
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, India.
- Department of Cybernetics, Nanotechnology and Data Processing, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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2
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Guang Q, Sun S, Huang B, Zhang J, Wang N, Li X. Microjunction-Modulated Selective Ammonia Sensor with P-Type Oxides-Decorated WS 2 Microflakes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7565-7575. [PMID: 38311836 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, p-type oxides including NiO, Co3O4, and CuO had been heterostructured with WS2 microflakes for chemiresistive-type gas sensors at room temperature. Microjunctions formed between p-type oxides and WS2 microflakes effectively modulated the sensitivities of the sensors to ammonia. In comparison to Co3O4- or CuO-decorated WS2-based sensors in which "deep energy puddles" were formed at the microjunctions between the oxides and WS2, the fabricated NiO/WS2 heterostructure-based sensor without the formed energy puddles exhibited a better sensing performance with improved sensitivity and a faster response to gaseous 1-10 ppm of NH3. It also processes a good selectivity to some volatile organic compounds including HCHO, toluene, CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3COCH3, and trimethylamine (TMA). The underlying mechanisms for the enhanced responses were examined by employing in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and density functional theory computation. The oxidization of NH3 on NiO/WS2 was much more intensified compared to those occurred on Co3O4/WS2 and CuO/WS2. NiO/WS2 has a stronger adsorption to NH3 and gains more effective charges transferred from NH3 which significantly contributes to the enhanced sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyilan Guang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Shupeng Sun
- School of Integrated Circuits, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xiaogan Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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Linto Sibi SP, Rajkumar M, Manoharan M, Mobika J, Nithya Priya V, Rajendra Kumar RT. Humidity activated ultra-selective room temperature gas sensor based on W doped MoS 2/RGO composites for trace level ammonia detection. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342075. [PMID: 38182340 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The lack of highly efficient, cost effective and stable ammonia gas sensors functionable at room temperature even in extreme humid environments poses significant challenge for the future generation gas sensors. The prime factors that impede the development of such next generation gas sensors are the strong interference of humidity and sluggish selectivity. Herein, we fabricated tungsten doped molybdenum disulphide/reduced graphene oxide composite by an in-situ hydrothermal method to exploit the adsorption, dissolution (solubility), ionization and transmission process of ammonia and thereby to effectuate its trace level detection even in indispensable humid environments. The protype based on 5 at.% Tungsten doped MoS2/RGO (W5) gas sensor exhibited 3.8-fold increment in its response to 50 ppm of ammonia when the relative humidity varied from 20 % to 70 % with ultra-high selectivity at room temperature. The as prepared gas sensor revealed a practical detection limit down to 1 ppm with a substantial response and rapid recovery time. Furthermore, W5 gas sensor exhibited a 42-fold increment in response to 50 ppm of ammonia relative to its pristine (MoS2/RGO) MG composite with a RH of 70 %. The proton hopping mechanism accountable for such an enormous enhancement in ammonia sensing and its potential for breath sensor are briefly annotated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Linto Sibi
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rajkumar
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mathankumar Manoharan
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL), Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Mobika
- Department of Physics, Nandha Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638052, India
| | - V Nithya Priya
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R T Rajendra Kumar
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL), Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Dogra N, Kushvaha SS, Sharma S. Phase-Dependent Dual Discrimination of MoSe 2/MoO 3 Composites Toward N, N-Dimethylformamide and Triethylamine at Room Temperature. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3146-3157. [PMID: 37566695 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present, a chemiresistive-type gas sensor composed of two-dimensional 1T-2H phase MoSe2 and MoO3. Mixed phase MoSe2 and MoSe2/MoO3 composites were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. The structure analysis using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the formation of different phases of MoSe2 at different temperatures. With increase in synthesis temperature from 180 to 200 °C, the relative percentage of 1T and 2H-MoSe2 phases changed from 80 to 48%. On the other hand, at 220 °C, 2H-MoSe2 was obtained as a major component. The gas sensing properties of individual MoSe2 and composites were investigated at room temperature toward various analytes. The obtained results revealed that composites possess improved sensing features as compared with individual MoSe2 or MoO3. Data also revealed that the composite with dominating 1T-phase exhibits relatively higher response (10%, at 10 ppm) for dimethylformamide (DMF) compared to triethylamine (TEA) (3%, at 10 ppm). In contrast, the composite with larger 2H-phase exhibited affinity toward TEA and had a relative response of about 2%. Therefore, selectivity of a sensor device can be tuned by an appropriately designed MoSe2/MoO3 composite. These results signify the importance of MoO3-based composites with dual-phase MoSe2 for successfully discriminating between DMF and TEA at room-temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Dogra
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Sunil Singh Kushvaha
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Saggu IS, Singh S, Chen K, Xuan Z, Swihart MT, Sharma S. Ultrasensitive Room-Temperature NO 2 Detection Using SnS 2/MWCNT Composites and Accelerated Recovery Kinetics by UV Activation. ACS Sens 2023; 8:243-253. [PMID: 36647806 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High performance with lower power consumption is one among the essential features of a sensing device. Minute traces of hazardous gases such as NO2 are difficult to detect. Tin disulfide (SnS2) nanosheets have emerged as a promising NO2 sensor. However, their poor room-temperature conductivity gives rise to inferior sensitivity and sluggish recovery rates, thereby hindering their applications. To mitigate this problem, we present a low-cost ultrasensitive NO2 gas sensor with tin disulfide/multiwalled carbon nanotube (SnS2/MWCNT) nanocomposites, prepared using a single-step hydrothermal method, as sensing elements. Relative to pure SnS2, the conductivity of nanocomposites improved significantly. The sensor displayed a decrease in resistance when exposed to NO2, an oxidizing gas, and exhibited p-type conduction, also confirmed in separate Mott-Schottky measurements. At a temperature of 20 °C, the sensor device has a relative response of about ≈5% (3%) for 25 ppb (1 ppb) of NO2 with complete recovery in air (10 min) and excellent recovery rates with UV activation (0.3 min). A theoretical lower limit of detection (LOD) of 7 ppt implies greater sensitivity than all previously reported SnS2-based gas sensors, to the best of our knowledge. The improved sensing characteristics were attributed to the formation of nano p-n heterojunctions, which enhances the charge transport and gives rise to faster response. The composite sensor also demonstrated good NO2 selectivity against a variety of oxidizing and reducing gases, as well as excellent stability and long-term durability. This work will provide a fresh perspective on SnS2-based composite materials for practical gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtej Singh Saggu
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab143005, India
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab143005, India
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York14260, United States
| | - Zhengxi Xuan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York14260, United States
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York14260, United States
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab143005, India
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6
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Ahmed M, Zhao R, Xing T, Du J. Constructing Netlike Nanosheets of ZnO/BiOCl with Heterojunction as Robust Material for Electrochemical Amine Detection. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202658. [PMID: 36210474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical sensing is a potential method for detection of trace toxic substance. Herein, the heterojunction of netlike ZnO/BiOCl nanosheets was constructed for the enhanced electrochemical detection of ammonia. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical performance. The results show that the ZnO/BiOCl-modified electrode exhibits higher sensitivity towards ammonia compared with the ZnO and BiOCl-based electrodes, which is ascribed to band structure and fast electron transfer. The high response of 11.8 μA mM-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.25 μM are achieved. In addition, the ZnO/BiOCl material exhibits high selectivity, repeatability and stability. The better linear relationship between concentration and current (R2 =0.99) is significant for quantitative detection of ammonia, implying that netlike ZnO/BiOCl nanosheets can serve as electrochemical sensing platform for detecting toxic substance. This research provides a strategy for fabricating two-dimensional netlike materials and regulating heterojunctions used for electrochemical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruf Ahmed
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China.,Shanxi Kunming Tobacco Co. Ltd., 21 Dachang South Road, 030032, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tian Xing
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Du
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, 030024, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
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7
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Three-phase interface of SnO2 nanoparticles loaded on hydrophobic MoS2 enhance photoelectrochemical N2 reduction. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Singh S, Saggu IS, Chen K, Xuan Z, Swihart MT, Sharma S. Humidity-Tolerant Room-Temperature Selective Dual Sensing and Discrimination of NH 3 and NO Using a WS 2/MWCNT Composite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40382-40395. [PMID: 36001381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Continuous detection of toxic and hazardous gases like nitric oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH3) is needed for environmental management and noninvasive diagnosis of various diseases. However, to the best of our knowledge, dual detection of these two gases has not been previously reported. To address the challenge, we demonstrate the design and fabrication of low-cost NH3 and NO dual gas sensors using tungsten disulfide/multiwall carbon nanotube (WS2/MWCNT) nanocomposites as sensing channels which maintained their performance in a humid environment. The composite-based device has shown successful dual detection at temperatures down to 18 °C and relative humidity of 90%. For 0.1 ppm ammonia, it exhibited a p-type conduction with response and recovery times of 102 and 261 s, respectively; on the other hand, with NO (10 ppb, n-type), these times were 285 and 198 s, respectively. The device with 5 mg MWCNTs possesses a superior selectivity along with a relative response of ≈7% (5 ppb) and ≈5% (0.1 ppm) for NO and NH3, respectively, at 18 °C. The response is less affected by relative humidity, and this is attributed to the presence of MWCNTs that are hydrophobic in nature. Upon simultaneous exposure to NO (5-10 ppb) and NH3 (0.1-5 ppm), the response was dominated by NO, implying clear discrimination to the simultaneous presence of these two gases. We propose a sensing mechanism based on adsorption/desportion and accompanied charge transfer between the adsorbed gas molecules and sensing surface. The results suggest that an optimized weight ratio of WS2 and MWCNTs could govern favorable sensing conditions for a particular gas molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Imtej Singh Saggu
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Zhengxi Xuan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
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Singh S, Deb J, Sarkar U, Sharma S. MoSe 2/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite for ammonia sensing in natural humid environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128821. [PMID: 35468389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report ammonia sensing in a natural highly humid environment using MoSe2/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite as sensing platform. The composite synthesis involved two steps, in the first step, MWCNTs were treated in an acidic medium to obtain -COOH group functionalized MWCNTs. In the second step, functionalized MWCNTs were probe sonicated with MoSe2 to obtain MoSe2/MWCNT composite. Proposed device exhibited superior sensing properties at a temperature down to 16∘ C and relative humidity of 80%. Under these extreme natural environmental conditions, the device exhibited a relative response of 21% for 0.5 ppm of ammonia and superior noise free signal further suggests their use even below this concentration. Composite based device has also displayed better adsorption selectivity towards NH3 as compared with other reducing and oxidizing gas molecules. Density functional theory simulations were further employed to understand the underlying adsorption process and selectivity behavior of the composite. Simulations predicted lowest negative adsorption energy for ammonia, implying physisorption (-0.387 eV) type exothermic adsorption process. Present results indicate that a composite with the rightly engineered MoSe2 and MWCNTs weight ratio may serve as a potential candidate for ammonia sensing in a highly humid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Deb
- Department of Physics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Utpal Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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Singh S, Deb J, Singh JV, Sarkar U, Sharma S. Highly Selective Ethyl Mercaptan Sensing Using a MoSe 2/SnO 2 Composite at Room Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23916-23927. [PMID: 35548976 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) serve not only as biomarkers for dental diseases such as halitosis but also as a tracer for monitoring air quality. Room-temperature selective detection and superior sensitivity against VOSCs at a sub-ppm level has remained a challenging task. Here, we propose a heterostructure-based design using a MoSe2/SnO2 composite for achieving sensitive and selective detection of ethyl mercaptan at room temperature. The composite was synthesized via a facile two-step method. A composite-based device has shown detection down to 1 ppm of ethyl mercaptan over a wider range of relative humidity (40-90%). Notably, the composite has shown adsorption selectivity toward ethyl mercaptan compared to hydrogen sulfide and other reducing or oxidizing analytes. Moreover, a density functional theory (DFT) study has been performed to understand the adsorption selectivity, charge transfer, and modification in the electronic properties after molecule adsorption on the host surface. Simulations predicted the lowest negative adsorption energy for ethyl mercaptan, implying the chemisorption (-142.029 kJ mol-1) process of adsorption. The device thus-obtained has also shown a stable response even at an extreme relative humidity level of 90%. The obtained results and superior signal-to-noise ratio indicate that a MoSe2/SnO2-based sensor may be a promising candidate for highly selective and sensitive detection of ethyl mercaptan even below 1 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Deb
- Department of Physics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Utpal Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Singh S, Sharma S. Temperature-Based Selective Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide and Ethanol with MoS 2/WO 3 Composite. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6075-6085. [PMID: 35224369 PMCID: PMC8867485 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and temperature-based selective sensor toward hydrogen sulfide and ethanol using MoS2/WO3 composite as a sensing surface was developed in this work. The MoS2/WO3 nanocomposite was successfully obtained using a facile two-step method. Structural analysis revealed the successful formation of the composite. Further, the n-type semiconducting nature as revealed in the initial gas-sensing measurements was also confirmed via Mott-Schottky plots. The composite-based sensor showed preferential detection of ethanol (260 °C) and hydrogen sulfide (320 °C) by simply modulating the temperature of the sensor device. The device also displayed repeatability and long-term stability at respective operating temperatures. Improved sensitivity and selectivity are ascribed to synergistic effects arising from the formation of n-n type heterostructures. The present work indicates the potential use of composite-based heterojunctions to tune the sensing parameters and provide new possibilities to enhance the applications of MoS2 and metal-oxide semiconductor-based composites.
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