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Park S, Na C, Kang SS, Kwac LK, Kim HG, Chang JH. Colorless and transparent polyimide nanocomposites using organically modified montmorillonite and mica. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10670. [PMID: 38724587 PMCID: PMC11082137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a method for replacing the glass used in existing display electronic materials, lighting, and solar cells by synthesizing a colorless and transparent polyimide (CPI) film with excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability using a combination of new monomers. Poly(amic acid) (PAA) was synthesized using dianhydride 4,4'-biphthalic anhydride (BPA) and diamine 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (AHP). Various contents of organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) and mica were dispersed in PAA solution through solution intercalation, and then CPI hybrid films were prepared through multi-step thermal imidization. The organoclays synthesized to prepare CPI hybrid films were Cloisite 93A (CS-MMT) and hexadimethrine-mica (HM-Mica) based on MMT and mica, respectively. In particular, the diamine monomer AHP containing a -OH group was selected to increase the dispersibility and compatibility between the hydrophilic clays and the CPI matrix. To demonstrate the characteristics of CPI, the overall polymer structure was bent and a strong electron withdrawing -CF3 group was used as a substituent. The thermomechanical properties, morphology of clay dispersion, and optical transparency of the CPI hybrid films were investigated and compared according to the type and content of organoclays. Two types of organoclays, CS-MMT and HM-Mica, were dispersed in a CPI matrix at 1 to 7 wt%, respectively. In electron microscopy, most of the clays were uniformly dispersed in a plate-like shape of less than 20 nm at a certain critical content of the two types of organoclays, but agglomeration of the clays was observed when the content was higher than the critical content. Hybrids using HM-Mica had better thermomechanical properties and hybrids containing CS-MMT had better optical transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeon Park
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea
| | - Changyub Na
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kang
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea
| | - Lee Ku Kwac
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea
| | - Hong Gun Kim
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hae Chang
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, South Korea.
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Li X, Zheng R, Wang C, Chang H, Chen S, Wang L, Cui X, Liu Y, Li J, Yu G, Shi J. Preparation and Properties of Low-Dielectric Polyimide Films Containing Tert-Butyl. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:984. [PMID: 38611242 PMCID: PMC11014062 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The design of high-performance polyimide (PI) films and understanding the relationship of the structure-dielectric property are of great significance in the field of the microelectronics industry, but are challenging. Herein, we describe the first work to construct a series of novel tert-butyl PI films (denoted as PI-1, PI-2, PI-3, and PI-4) based on a low-temperature polymerization strategy, which employed tetracarboxylic dianhydride (pyromellitic anhydride, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic anhydride, 4,4'-diphenyl ether dianhydride, and 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic anhydride) and 4,4'-diamino-3,5-ditert butyl biphenyl ether as monomers. The results indicate that introducing tert-butyl branches in the main chain of PIs can enhance the free volume of the molecular chain and reduce the interaction between molecular chains of PI, resulting in a low dielectric constant. Particularly, the optimized PI-4 exhibits an excellent comprehensive performance with a high (5) wt% loss temperature (454 °C), tensile strength (117.40 MPa), and maximum hydrophobic angle (80.16°), and a low dielectric constant (2.90), which outperforms most of the results reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Rongrong Zheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 522000, China
| | - Haiyang Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 522000, China
| | - Shuwu Chen
- Aromatics Laboratory, Liaoyang Petrochemical Company, Liaoyang 111003, China;
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Xue Cui
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Yutao Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Junhao Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Guangning Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Ji Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (X.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.Y.); (J.S.)
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Jeon H, Na C, Kwac LK, Kim HG, Chang JH. Effects of various types of organo-mica on the physical properties of polyimide nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2024; 14:655. [PMID: 38182758 PMCID: PMC10770344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(amic acid) (PAA) was synthesized using dianhydride 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride and diamine 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine, and polyimide (PI) hybrid films were synthesized by dispersing organo-mica in PAA through a solution intercalation method. Hexadimethrine-mica (HM-Mica), 1,2-dimethylhexadecylimidazolium-mica (MI-Mica), and didodecyldiphenylammonium-mica (DP-Mica), which were obtained via the organic modification of pristine mica, were used as the organo-micas for the PI hybrid films. The organo-mica content was varied from 0.5 to 3.0 wt% with respect to the PI matrix. The thermomechanical properties, morphology, and optical transparency of the resultant PI hybrid films were measured and compared. Dispersion of even small amounts of organo-mica effectively improved the physical properties of the PI hybrids, and maximum enhancements in physical properties were observed at a specific critical content. Electron microscopy of the hybrid films revealed that the organo-mica uniformly dispersed throughout the polymer matrix at the nanoscale level when added at low contents but aggregated in the matrix when added at levels above the critical content. Structural changes in the organo-mica closely influenced the changes in the physical properties of the hybrid films. All PI hybrid films with various organo-mica contents showed similar optical properties, but that prepared with MI-Mica demonstrated the best thermomechanical properties. All synthesized PI hybrid films were transparent regardless of the type and content of organo-mica used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hara Jeon
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, Korea
| | - Changyub Na
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, Korea
| | - Lee Ku Kwac
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, Korea
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, Korea
| | - Hong Gun Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, Korea
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, Korea
| | - Jin-Hae Chang
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, 55069, Korea.
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Na Y, Kwac LK, Kim HG, Joo YL, Chang JH. Effects of organoclay on colorless and transparent polyimide nanocomposites: thermomechanical properties, morphology, and optical transparency. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16285-16292. [PMID: 37266490 PMCID: PMC10230512 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aromatic polyimide (PI) exhibits excellent mechanical performance and thermal stability, its dark color limits applicability in optical displays. Therefore, it is desirable to manufacture colorless, transparent PI (CPI) nanocomposite films that retain excellent physical properties. In this study, a solution intercalation method was used to disperse organoclay (Cloisite 25A; CS25A) in poly(amic acid), which was prepared using 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and 3,4'-oxydianiline as monomers. This dispersion was then subjected to thermal imidization to synthesize CPI hybrid films. The influence of the CS25A content (0-1.00 wt%) on the thermomechanical properties, optical transmittance, and morphology of the prepared films was investigated. The hybrid film with a CS25A content of 0.50 wt% exhibited the best thermomechanical properties. However, upon further increasing the organoclay content to 1.00 wt%, the physical properties deteriorated. At 0.50 wt% CS25A, some agglomeration occurred but most of the clay was well dispersed as nano-sized particles, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. In contrast, when the CS25A content exceeded a critical content, most of the clay was agglomerated and the physical properties were reduced. All the obtained CPI hybrid films were colorless and transparent, regardless of the organoclay content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Na
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University Jeonju 55069 Korea
| | - Lee Ku Kwac
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University Jeonju 55069 Korea
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University Jeonju 55069 Korea
| | - Hong Gun Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Jeonju University Jeonju 55069 Korea
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University Jeonju 55069 Korea
| | - Yong Lak Joo
- Robert Fredrick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Jin-Hae Chang
- Institute of Carbon Technology, Jeonju University Jeonju 55069 Korea
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Xia X, He X, Zhang S, Zheng F, Lu Q. Short-Side-Chain Regulation of Colorless and Transparent Polyamide-Imides for Flexible Transparent Displays. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Yan J. Colorless poly(amide‐imide) copolymers for flexible display applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Science Ningbo China
- Ningbo Solartron Technology Co., Ltd Ningbo China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Ningbo Solartron Technology Co., Ltd Ningbo China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Science Ningbo China
| | - Jingling Yan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Science Ningbo China
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