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Leão J, Winck VL, Petzhold CL, Collares FM, de Andrade DF, Beck RCR. Pimobendan controlled release guar gum printlets: Tailoring drug doses for personalised veterinary medicines. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124017. [PMID: 38508429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Treating chronic heart diseases in dogs is challenging due to variations in mass within and between species. Pimobendan (PBD), a veterinary drug only, is prescribed in specific cases of chronic heart disease in dogs and is available on the market in only a few different doses. Furthermore, the therapy itself is challenging due to the large size of the chewable tablets and the requirement for twice-daily administration. The development of customised and on-demand PBD medicines by three-dimensional (3D) printing has been proposed to circumvent these disadvantages. In this study, we designed controlled-release flavoured printlets containing PBD. We evaluated the use of two natural polymers, guar or xanthan gums, as the main component of the printing inks. Guar gum showed the better rheological behavior and printability by semisolid extrusion. The printlets were produced in three different shapes and sizes to allow dose customisation. Guar gum printlets showed a PBD controlled release profile, regardless of their shape or size. Therefore, we have demonstrated a novel approach for controlling PBD drug release and tailoring the dose by employing a natural polymer to produce 3D-printed tablets. This study represents a significant step towards the development of 3D-printed guar gum controlled-release formulations for veterinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Leão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D Em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Valeria Luiza Winck
- Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D Em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Cesar Liberato Petzhold
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves - Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS 90650-001, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Mezzomo Collares
- Laboratório de Materiais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Fontana de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D Em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Nanocarreadores e Impressão 3D Em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil.
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Raschip IE, Fifere N, Lazar MM, Hitruc GE, Dinu MV. Ice-Templated and Cross-Linked Xanthan-Based Hydrogels: Towards Tailor-Made Properties. Gels 2023; 9:528. [PMID: 37504407 PMCID: PMC10378831 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of polysaccharides with good film-forming properties in food packaging systems is a promising area of research. Xanthan gum (XG), an extracellular polysaccharide, has many industrial uses, including as a common food additive (E415). It is an effective thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating. Nevertheless, XG-based polymer films have some disadvantages, such as poor mechanical properties and high hydrophilic features, which reduce their stability when exposed to moisture and create difficulties in processing and handling. Thus, the objective of this work was to stabilize a XG matrix by cross-linking it with glycerol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, or epichlorohydrin below the freezing point of the reaction mixture. Cryogelation is an ecological, friendly, and versatile method of preparing biomaterials with improved physicochemical properties. Using this technique, XG-based cryogels were successfully prepared in the form of microspheres, monoliths, and films. The XG-based cryogels were characterized by FTIR, SEM, AFM, swelling kinetics, and compressive tests. A heterogeneous morphology with interconnected pores, with an average pore size depending on both the nature of the cross-linker and the cross-linking ratio, was found. The use of a larger amount of cross-linker led to both a much more compact structure of the pore walls and to a significant decrease in the average pore size. The uniaxial compression tests indicated that the XG-based cryogels cross-linked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether exhibited the best elasticity, sustaining maximum deformations of 97.67%, 90.10%, and 81.80%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Elena Raschip
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicusor Fifere
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Marinela Lazar
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Elena Hitruc
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Valentina Dinu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Raschip IE, Darie-Nita RN, Fifere N, Hitruc GE, Dinu MV. Correlation between Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polyphenol-Laden Xanthan Gum/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composite Cryogels. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040281. [PMID: 37102893 PMCID: PMC10137999 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the synthesis parameters and the incorporation of natural polyphenolic extract within hydrogel networks on the mechanical and morphological properties of physically cross-linked xanthan gum/poly(vinyl alcohol) (XG/PVA) composite hydrogels prepared by multiple cryo-structuration steps. In this context, the toughness, compressive strength, and viscoelasticity of polyphenol-loaded XG/PVA composite hydrogels in comparison with those of the neat polymer networks were investigated by uniaxial compression tests and steady and oscillatory measurements under small deformation conditions. The swelling behavior, the contact angle values, and the morphological features revealed by SEM and AFM analyses were well correlated with the uniaxial compression and rheological results. The compressive tests revealed an enhancement of the network rigidity by increasing the number of cryogenic cycles. On the other hand, tough and flexible polyphenol-loaded composite films were obtained for a weight ratio between XG and PVA of 1:1 and 10 v/v% polyphenol. The gel behavior was confirmed for all composite hydrogels, as the elastic modulus (G') was significantly greater than the viscous modulus (G″) for the entire frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Elena Raschip
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Nicusor Fifere
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Elena Hitruc
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Valentina Dinu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Aldaais EA. A comprehensive review on the COVID-19 vaccine and drug delivery applications of interpenetrating polymer networks. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:738-756. [PMID: 36443634 PMCID: PMC9707272 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An interpenetrating polymer network (IPNs) is a concoction of two or more polymers (natural, synthetic, and/or a combination of both) in which at least one polymer is synthesized or crosslinked in the intimate presence of the other. These three-dimensional networked systems have gained prominence in a series of biomedical applications, especially in the last two decades. The last decades witnessed a surge in the meaningful applications of interpenetrating polymer networks, especially in drug delivery as simple IPN systems advanced and resulted in the formation of highly efficient microspheres, nanoparticles, nanogels, and hydrogels, intelligent enough to sense and respond to changes in external stimuli such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The structure of the polymers, crosslinking agents, crosslinking density, and polymerization method play an integral role in determining the properties and application of IPNs in drug delivery. This review article is a modest effort to highlight the importance and applications of different types of interpenetrating polymer networks for the sustained, site-specific drug delivery of various therapeutic formulations, as witnessed in scientific research literature over the past 22 years (2000-2022). A special section of the manuscript is devoted to studying the efficacy of network polymers in vaccine delivery and highlighting the future scope (if any) of incorporating the IPN system in COVID-related vaccine/drug delivery. Four key focus areas in this review article [1, 2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtisam A Aldaais
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Biodegradable Guar-Gum-Based Super-Porous Matrices for Gastroretentive Controlled Drug Release in the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori: A Proof of Concept. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032281. [PMID: 36768604 PMCID: PMC9917163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in resistance to key antibiotics has made the need for novel treatments for the gastric colonization of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) a matter of the utmost urgency. Recent studies tackling this topic have focused either on the discovery of new compounds to ameliorate therapeutic regimes (such as vonoprazan) or the synthesis of gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDSs) to improve the pharmacokinetics of oral formulations. The use of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) that can act as super-porous hydrogels for this purpose is proposed in the present work, specifically those displaying low ecological footprint, easy synthesis, self-floating properties, high encapsulation efficiency for drugs such as amoxicillin (AMOX), great mucoadhesiveness, and optimal mechanical strength when exposed to stomach-like fluids. To achieve such systems, biodegradable synthetic copolymers containing acid-labile monomers were prepared and interpenetrated with guar gum (GG) in a one-pot polymerization process based on thiol-ene click reactions. The resulting matrices were characterized by SEM, GPC, TGA, NMR, and rheology studies, and the acidic hydrolysis of the acid-sensitive polymers was also studied. Results confirm that some of the obtained matrices are expected to perform optimally as GRDDSs for the sustained release of active pharmaceutical ingredients at the gastrointestinal level, being a priori facilitated by its disaggregation. Therefore, the optimal performance of these systems is assessed by varying the molar ratio of the labile monomer in the matrices.
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Chatterjee S, Ghosal K, Kumar M, Mahmood S, Thomas S. A detailed discussion on interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based drug delivery system for the advancement of health care system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Polyacrylamide/poly(2-(dimethylamino) Ethyl Methacrylate) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Drug Delivery Systems for Diclofenac Sodium. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120780. [PMID: 36547305 PMCID: PMC9778211 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, modern pharmaceutical investigations are directed toward the design and production of drug delivery systems for achieving prolonged and controlled drug delivery. In this respect, the use of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) is an opportunity in the preparation of polymer drug delivery systems with desired characteristics. This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of novel poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm)-based IPNs with different compositions and their application as diclofenac sodium delivery systems. The prepared IPNs were shown to possess phase-separated structures at the nano level, as revealed by SEM and TM-DSC. The IPNs' composition was shown to determine the swelling behavior of these novel materials, and the inclusion of the charged IPN component (PDMAEMA) has changed the water molecules type diffusion from Fickian to non-Fickian, as revealed by the swelling kinetics study. Loading efficiency of diclofenac sodium and diclofenac sodium content in the polymer network was evaluated, and in vitro drug release experiments were carried out in order to estimate the ability of the obtained IPNs to control the release of the water-soluble drug.
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Yang L, Shuyuan S, Huang G, Yingchong C, Shen B, Yue P. Nanocrystals based mucosal delivery system: Research Advances. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1700-1712. [PMID: 35287534 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2053985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystal technology is a new way to increase the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. As an intermediate preparation technology, nanocrystals are widely used in drug delivery for oral, venous, percutneous and inhalation administration, which exhibits a broad application prospect. By referring to the domestic anforeign literatures, this paper mainly reviews the preparation methods of nanocrystals for poorly soluble natural products and its application in the mucosal delivery for skin, eye, oral cavity and nasal cavity. This can provide the reference for the research and development of nanocrystal technology in natural product preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Shuai Shuyuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Guiting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Chen Yingchong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Baode Shen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, NanChang 330004, China
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