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Ravi S, Karthikeyan S, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Moon D, Anthony SP. Propeller shaped triarylamine acid: An ultra-sensitive fluorescence probe for distinguishing propanol isomers and water sensing in organic solvents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124557. [PMID: 38830332 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of conformationally flexible (TPA-C) and partially rigidified (Cz-C) triarylamine acids were explored in solid as well as solution state and correlated with the structure. TPA-C and Cz-C exhibited moderate solid-state fluorescence (Φf = 6.2 % (TPA-C) and 5.6 % (Cz-C)) and self-reversible mechanofluorochromism. TPA-C produced fluorescent polymorphs (TPA-C-1 and TPA-C-2) with tunable fluorescence. TPA-C-1 showed unusual carboxylic acid intermolecular interactions whereas TPA-C-2 and Cz-C showed usual carboxylic acid dimer. TPA-C exhibited strong solvent polarity dependent tunable fluorescence (Φf = 0.01 to 0.11 compared to quinine sulphate standard) but Cz-C was non-emissive in the solution state. The dual emissive TPA-C showed highly sensitive fluorescence changes in organic solvents (CH3CN, THF, DMF, EtOH) when trace amount of water was added. In CH3CN, TPA-C showed weak fluorescence at 474 nm and addition of water (1 %) exhibited significant blue shift (λmax = 416 nm). The fluorescence intensity was gradually decreased with blue shifting in DMF, THF and EtOH with water addition. Importantly, TPA-C showed drastically different fluorescence in n-propanol (n-PA) and iso-propanol (IPA). TPA-C in n-PA showed fluorescence at 408 nm that was clearly red shifted to 438 nm with 0.1 % addition of IPA. The limit of detection (LOD) of water in CH3CN, DMF, THF and EtOH by TPA-C revealed 0.02, 0.7, 0.08 and 0.77 %, respectively. The LOD of IPA sensing in n-PA is 0.05 % and indicated the very efficient sensing and distinguishing propanol isomers. Thus, simple triphenylamine acid showed excellent water sensing and propanol isomers discrimination that could be attributed to the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikala Ravi
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry, Khadir Mohideen College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Adirampattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
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Kaur I, Batra V, Bogireddy NK, Baveja J, Kumar Y, Agarwal V. Chemical- and green-precursor-derived carbon dots for photocatalytic degradation of dyes. iScience 2024; 27:108920. [PMID: 38352227 PMCID: PMC10863327 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and untreated industrial effluents loaded with toxic and carcinogenic contaminants, especially dyes that discharge into environmental waters, have led to a rise in water pollution, with a substantial adverse impact on marine life and humankind. Photocatalytic techniques are one of the most successful methods that help in degradation and/or removal of such contaminants. In recent years, semiconductor quantum dots are being substituted by carbon dots (CDs) as photocatalysts, due to the ease of formation, cost-effectiveness, possible sustainability and scalability, much lower toxicity, and above all its high capacity to harvest sunlight (UV, visible, and near infrared) through electron transfer that enhances the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers. A better understanding between the properties of the CDs and their role in photocatalytic degradation of dyes and contaminants is required for the formation of controllable structures and adjustable outcomes. The focus of this review is on CDs and its composites as photocatalysts obtained from different sustainable green as well as chemical precursors. Apart from the synthesis, characterization, and properties of the CDs, the study also highlights the effect of different parameters on the photocatalytic properties of CDs and their composites for catalytic dye degradation mechanisms in detail. Besides the present research development in the field, potential challenges and future perspectives are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderbir Kaur
- Department of Electronic Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Batra
- Department of Physics, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Jasmina Baveja
- Invited Researcher at Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp-IICBA), Autonomous State University of Morelos (UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Y. Kumar
- Departamento de Fisico Matematica, UANL, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - V. Agarwal
- Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp-IICBA), Autonomous State University of Morelos (UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
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Vedernikova AA, Miruschenko MD, Arefina IA, Xie J, Huang H, Koroleva AV, Zhizhin EV, Cherevkov SA, Timin AS, Mitusova KA, Shipilovskikh SA, Ushakova EV. Green and Red Emissive N,O-Doped Chiral Carbon Dots Functionalized with l-Cysteine. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:113-120. [PMID: 38147530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Although chirality plays an important role in the natural world, it has also attracted much scientific attention in nanotechnology, in particular, spintronics and bioapplications. Chiral carbon dots (CDs) are promising nanoparticles for sensing and bioimaging since they are biocompatible, ecofriendly, and free from toxic elements. Herein, green and red emissive chiral CDs are fabricated via surface modification treatment of achiral CDs at room temperature. After modification with l-cysteine molecules, the treated CDs demonstrate an intense chiral signal in the region of 200-300 nm with a dissymmetry factor up to 2.3 × 10-4 and high photoluminescence quantum yields of 19% and 15% for green and red emission bands, respectively. These CDs preserve their chiral signal in different ion systems, such as those with pH changes or in the presence of metal ions, along with remarkably low cytotoxicity, making them potential candidates for use as photoluminescent labels for biological objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Vedernikova
- International Research and Education Center for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mikhail D Miruschenko
- International Research and Education Center for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Irina A Arefina
- International Research and Education Center for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Jinfeng Xie
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - He Huang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | | | - Evgeniy V Zhizhin
- Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei A Cherevkov
- International Research and Education Center for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander S Timin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- Laboratory of Nano- and Microencapsulation of Biologically Active Substances, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Mitusova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- Laboratory of Nano- and Microencapsulation of Biologically Active Substances, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Sergei A Shipilovskikh
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Elena V Ushakova
- International Research and Education Center for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
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Chau Q, Corado-Santiago L, Jones S, Dattelbaum J, Skromne I. Physicochemical and Inflammatory Analysis of Unconjugated and Conjugated Bone-Binding Carbon Dots. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1320-1326. [PMID: 38222634 PMCID: PMC10785778 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CDs) have drawn significant attention for their potential uses in diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their small size, tissue biocompatibility, stable photoluminescence, and modifiable surface groups. However, the effect of cargo molecules on CD photoluminescence and their ability to interact with tissues are not fully understood. Our previous work has shown that CDs produced from the acidic oxidation of carbon nanopowder can bind to mineralized bone with high affinity and specificity in a zebrafish animal model system. Using this model, we investigated the impact of loading Cy5 and biotin cargo on CDs' photoluminescence and bone-binding properties. We report that CD cargo loading alters CD photoluminescence in a pH- and cargo-dependent manner without interfering with the CDs' bone binding properties. In a reciprocal analysis, we show that cargo loading of CDs does not affect the cargo's fluorescence. Significantly, CDs do not trigger nitric oxide production in a mouse macrophage assay, suggesting that they are noninflammatory. Together, these results further support the development of carbon nanopowder-derived CDs for the precise delivery of therapeutic agents to bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chau
- Department
of Biology, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Lesly Corado-Santiago
- Department
of Biology, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Shannon Jones
- Department
of Biology, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Jonathan Dattelbaum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Isaac Skromne
- Department
of Biology, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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Alafeef M, Srivastava I, Aditya T, Pan D. Carbon Dots: From Synthesis to Unraveling the Fluorescence Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303937. [PMID: 37715112 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) being a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial have attracted intensive interest from researchers owing to their excellent biophysical properties. CDs are a class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional quantum dots and organic dyes in applications including bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics. CDs possess unique optical properties, such as tunable emission, facile synthesis, and low toxicity, making them attractive for many applications in biology, medicine, and environmental areas. The synthesis of CDs is achievable by a variety of methods, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, involving the use of different carbon sources and surface functionalization strategies. However, understanding the fluorescence mechanism of CDs remains a challenge. Various mechanistic models have been proposed to explain their origin of luminescence. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization of CDs and provides an overview of the current understanding of the fluorescence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Teresa Aditya
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
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6
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Zaini MS, Liew JYC, Paiman S, Tee TS, Kamarudin MA. Solvent-Dependent Photoluminescence Emission and Colloidal Stability of Carbon Quantum dots from Watermelon Peels. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03528-1. [PMID: 38038875 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Waste peels are considered an environmental burden and typically disposed in landfills. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various solvents on the luminescence properties of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Watermelon peels were recycled and reuse as precursors for the synthesis of biomass CQDs via a green carbonization method. The colloidal stability, surface charge, and particle size were characterized using zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS revealed that the size of the CQDs was approximately 5.80 ± 0.4 nm to 9.74 ± 0.8 nm. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results demonstrated a correlation with the DLS results. The optical properties were characterized by photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. PL measurements at different excitation wavelengths revealed that the CQDs emissions were influenced by the polarity of the solvents. Meanwhile, the Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) results showed the presence of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of the CQDs. These results deepen our understanding of the solvent-dependent behavior and colloidal stability of the CQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safwan Zaini
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Josephine Ying Chyi Liew
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Suriati Paiman
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Tan Sin Tee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Malaysia.
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7
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Guirguis A, Yang W, Conlan XA, Kong L, Cahill DM, Wang Y. Boosting Plant Photosynthesis with Carbon Dots: A Critical Review of Performance and Prospects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300671. [PMID: 37381636 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Artificially augmented photosynthesis in nano-bionic plants requires tunable nano-antenna structures with physiochemical and optoelectronic properties, as well as unique light conversion capabilities. The use of nanomaterials to promote light capture across photosystems, primarily by carbon dots, has shown promising results in enhancing photosynthesis through tunable uptake, translocation, and biocompatibility. Carbon dots possess the ability to perform both down and up-light conversions, making them effective light promoters for harnessing solar energy beyond visible light wavelengths.This review presents and discusses the recent progress in fabrication, chemistry, and morphology, as well as other properties such as photoluminescence and energy conversion efficiency of nano-antennas based on carbon dots. The performance of artificially boosted photosynthesis is discussed and then correlated with the conversion properties of carbon dots and how they are applied to plant models. The challenges related to the nanomaterial delivery and the performance evaluation practices in modified photosystems, consideration of the reliability of this approach, and the potential avenues for performance improvements through other types of nano-antennas based on alternative nanomaterials are also critically evaluated. It is anticipated that this review will stimulate more high-quality research in plant nano-bionics and provide avenues to enhance photosynthesis for future agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Guirguis
- School of Life & Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life & Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- School of Life & Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life & Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Yichao Wang
- School of Life & Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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8
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Mir TUG, Shukla S, Malik AQ, Singh J, Kumar D. Microwave-assisted synthesis of N-doped carbon quantum dots for detection of methyl orange in saffron. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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9
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Sonaimuthu M, Ganesan S, Anand S, Kumar AJ, Palanisamy S, You S, Velsankar K, Sudhahar S, Lo HM, Lee YR. Multiple heteroatom dopant carbon dots as a novel photoluminescent probe for the sensitive detection of Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ ions in living cells and environmental sample analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115106. [PMID: 36574795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ion pollution harms human health and the environment and continues to worsen. Here, we report the synthesis of boron (B), phosphorous (P), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) co-doped carbon dots (BP/NS-CDs) by a one-step facile hydrothermal process. The optimum synthetic parameters are of 180 °C temperature, 12 h reaction time and 15% of PBA mass. The as-synthesized BP/NS-CDs exhibits excellent water solubility, strong green photoluminescence (PL) at 510 nm, and a high quantum yield of 22.4%. Moreover, BP/NS-CDs presented high monodispersity (7.2 ± 0.45 nm), excitation-dependent emission, PL stability over large pH, and high ionic strength. FTIR, XRD, and XPS are used to confirm the successful B and P doping of BP/NS-CDs. BP/NS-CD photoluminescent probes are selectively quenched by Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions but showed no response to the presence of other metal cations. The PL emission of BP/NS-CDs exhibited a good linear correlation with Cu2+ and Fe3+ concentrations with detection limits of 0.18 μM and 0.27 μM for Cu2+ and Fe3+, respectively. Furthermore, the HCT116 survival cells kept at 99.4 ± 1.3% and cell imaging capability, when the BP/NS-CDs concentration is up to 300 μg/mL by MTT assay. The proposed sensor is potential applications for the detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohandoss Sonaimuthu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sivarasan Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan
| | - Singaravelu Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Subramanian Palanisamy
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - K Velsankar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karikudi, 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Huang-Mu Lo
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan.
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Mohandoss S, Ganesan S, Palanisamy S, You S, Velsankar K, Sudhahar S, Lo HM, Lee YR. Nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus Co-doped carbon dots-based ratiometric chemosensor for highly selective sequential detection of Al 3+ and Fe 3+ ions in logic gate, cell imaging, and real sample analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137444. [PMID: 36462566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped photoluminescent (PL) carbon dots (CDs) have recently gained attention as optical sensors due to their excellent tunable properties. In this work, we propose a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of PL nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P) co-doped carbon dots (NSP-CDs) using glutathione and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as precursors. The synthesized NSP-CDs were characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The NSP-CDs exhibited excellent PL properties with green emission at 492 nm upon excitation at 417 nm, a high quantum yield of 26.7%, and dependent emission behavior. The as-prepared NSP-CDs were spherical with a well-monodispersed average particle size of 5.2 nm. Moreover, NSP-CDs demonstrate high PL stability toward a wider pH, high salt ionic strength, and various solvents. Furthermore, the NSP-CDs showed a three-state "off-on-off" PL response upon the sequential addition of Al3+ and Fe3+ ions, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 10.8 nM for Al3+ and 50.7 nM for Fe3+. The NSP-CD sensor can construct an INHIBIT logic gate with Al3+ and Fe3+ ions as the chemical inputs and emissions as the output mode. Owing to an excellent tunable PL property and biocompatibility, the NSP-CDs were applied for sensing Al3+ and Fe3+ ions as well as live cell imaging. Furthermore, NSP-CDs were designed as PL sensors for detecting Al3+ and Fe3+ ions in real water show their potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaimuthu Mohandoss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sivarasan Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan
| | - Subramanian Palanisamy
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - K Velsankar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Huang-Mu Lo
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan.
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Guo X, Jia H, Zhang H, Xu J, Zhao X. Concentration-dependent and pH response carbon dots and application in latent fingerprints recognition. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Xu J, Rong S, Qin Z, Shen G, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Qian K. Preparation of Berberine@carbon Dots Nano-Formulation: Synthesis, Characterization and Herbicidal Activity against Echinochloa crus-galli and Amaranthus retroflexus Two Common Species of Weed. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4482. [PMID: 36558335 PMCID: PMC9782101 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (Ber) is easy to synthesize and has a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. At present, the existing studies on berberine have focused predominantly on its antibacterial activity; its herbicidal activity is rarely reported. In addition, there are a number of preparations of berberine, which are not enough to solve its shortcomings of low solubility and biological activity and the difficult storage of berberine. Here, berberine was combined with carbon dots to obtain carbon dots-berberine (CDs-Ber) nano formulation. The fluorescence quenching results showed that the CDs-Ber nano drug delivery system was successfully constructed, and the fluorescence quenching mechanism of the two was static quenching. The bioassay results showed that CDs had no adverse effects on the growth of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and had high biocompatibility. Berberine and CDs-Ber predominantly affected the root growth of barnyard grass and redroot pigweed and could enhance the growth inhibition effect on weeds, to some extent. The results of the protective enzyme system showed that both berberine and CDs-Ber could increase the activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), and Catalase (CAT) in barnyard grass, and CDs-Ber had a stronger stress effect on barnyard grass than berberine. The determination of the number of bacterial communities in the soil after the berberine and CDs-Ber treatments showed that there was no significant difference in the effects of the two, indicating that CDs-Ber would not have more negative impacts on the environment. The CDs-Ber nano formulation improved the biological activity of berberine, enhanced the herbicidal effect, and was relatively safe for soil colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhu Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ziqi Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangmao Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Wu
- The National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Li J, Gong X. The Emerging Development of Multicolor Carbon Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205099. [PMID: 36328736 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials, multicolor carbon dots (MCDs) have attracted much attention because of their excellent biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence (PL), high quantum yield, and unique electronic and physicochemical properties. The multicolor emission characteristics of carbon dots (CDs) obviously depend on the carbon source precursor, reaction conditions, and reaction environment, which directly or indirectly determines the multicolor emission characteristics of CDs. Therefore, this review is the first systematic classification and summary of multiple regulation methods of synthetic MCDs and reviews the recent research progress in the synthesis of MCDs from a variety of precursor materials such as aromatic molecules, small organic molecules, and natural biomass, focusing on how different regulation methods produce corresponding MCDs. This review also introduces the innovative applications of MCDs in the fields of biological imaging, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), sensing, and anti-counterfeiting due to their excellent PL properties. It is hoped that by selecting appropriate adjustment methods, this review can inspire and guide the future research on the design of tailored MCDs, and provide corresponding help for the development of multifunctional MCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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pH and solvent induced discoloration behavior of multicolor fluorescent carbon dots. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Xu J, Cui K, Gong T, Zhang J, Zhai Z, Hou L, Zaman FU, Yuan C. Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of N-Doped, Multicolor Carbon Dots toward Fluorescent Inks, Fluorescence Sensors, and Logic Gate Operations. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030312. [PMID: 35159657 PMCID: PMC8839126 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Over past decades, the multicolor carbon dots (M-CDs) have attracted enormous attentions due to their tunable photoluminescence and versatile applications. Herein, the nitrogen-doped (N-doped) M-CDs including green, chartreuse, and pink emissive CDs are successfully synthesized by ultrasonic treatment of kiwifruit juice with different additive reagents such as ethanol, ethylenediamine, and acetone. Owing to their strong fluorescence upon irradiation with 365 nm UV light, the highly water-soluble M-CDs present great potential in the anticounterfeit field as fluorescent inks. Particularly, the resulting green emission CDs (G-CDs) with excellent fluorescence and stability are applied as a label-free probe model for “on–off” detection of Fe3+. The fluorescence of G-CDs is significantly quenched by Fe3+ through static quenching. The nanoprobe demonstrates good selectivity and sensitivity toward Fe3+ with a detection limit of ~0.11 μM. Besides, the quenched fluorescence of G-CDs by Fe3+ can be recovered by the addition of PO43− or ascorbic acid (AA) into the CDs/Fe3+ system to realize the “off–on” fluorescent process. Furthermore, NOT and IMPLICATION logic gates are constructed based on the selection of Fe3+ and PO43− or AA as the inputs, which makes the G-CD-based sensors utilized as various logic gates at molecular level. Therefore, the N-doped M-CDs hold promising prospects as competitive candidates in monitoring the trace species, applications in food chemistry, anticounterfeit uses, and beyond.
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