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Shalaby N, Xia Y, Kelly JJ, Sanchez-Pupo R, Martinez F, Fox MS, Thiessen JD, Hicks JW, Scholl TJ, Ronald JA. Imaging CAR-NK cells targeted to HER2 ovarian cancer with human sodium-iodide symporter-based positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3176-3190. [PMID: 38722382 PMCID: PMC11368970 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapies utilize CARs to redirect immune cells towards cancer cells expressing specific antigens like human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Despite their potential, CAR T cell therapies exhibit variable response rates and adverse effects in some patients. Non-invasive molecular imaging can aid in predicting patient outcomes by tracking infused cells post-administration. CAR-T cells are typically autologous, increasing manufacturing complexity and costs. An alternative approach involves developing CAR natural killer (CAR-NK) cells as an off-the-shelf allogeneic product. In this study, we engineered HER2-targeted CAR-NK cells co-expressing the positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene human sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) and assessed their therapeutic efficacy and PET imaging capability in a HER2 ovarian cancer mouse model.NK-92 cells were genetically modified to express a HER2-targeted CAR, the bioluminescence imaging reporter Antares, and NIS. HER2-expressing ovarian cancer cells were engineered to express the bioluminescence reporter Firefly luciferase (Fluc). Co-culture experiments demonstrated significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of CAR-NK cells compared to naive NK cells. In vivo studies involving mice with Fluc-expressing tumors revealed that those treated with CAR-NK cells exhibited reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival compared to controls. Longitudinal bioluminescence imaging demonstrated stable signals from CAR-NK cells over time. PET imaging using the NIS-targeted tracer 18F-tetrafluoroborate ([18F]TFB) showed significantly higher PET signals in mice treated with NIS-expressing CAR-NK cells.Overall, our study showcases the therapeutic potential of HER2-targeted CAR-NK cells in an aggressive ovarian cancer model and underscores the feasibility of using human-derived PET reporter gene imaging to monitor these cells non-invasively in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Ying Xia
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John J Kelly
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rafael Sanchez-Pupo
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Francisco Martinez
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Fox
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Saint Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Thiessen
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Facility, London, ON, Canada
- Saint Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justin W Hicks
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Cyclotron and Radiochemistry Facility, London, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, London, ON, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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2
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Liu Y, Uttam S. Perspective on quantitative phase imaging to improve precision cancer medicine. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S22705. [PMID: 38584967 PMCID: PMC10996848 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Significance Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) offers a label-free approach to non-invasively characterize cellular processes by exploiting their refractive index based intrinsic contrast. QPI captures this contrast by translating refractive index associated phase shifts into intensity-based quantifiable data with nanoscale sensitivity. It holds significant potential for advancing precision cancer medicine by providing quantitative characterization of the biophysical properties of cells and tissue in their natural states. Aim This perspective aims to discuss the potential of QPI to increase our understanding of cancer development and its response to therapeutics. It also explores new developments in QPI methods towards advancing personalized cancer therapy and early detection. Approach We begin by detailing the technical advancements of QPI, examining its implementations across transmission and reflection geometries and phase retrieval methods, both interferometric and non-interferometric. The focus then shifts to QPI's applications in cancer research, including dynamic cell mass imaging for drug response assessment, cancer risk stratification, and in-vivo tissue imaging. Results QPI has emerged as a crucial tool in precision cancer medicine, offering insights into tumor biology and treatment efficacy. Its sensitivity to detecting nanoscale changes holds promise for enhancing cancer diagnostics, risk assessment, and prognostication. The future of QPI is envisioned in its integration with artificial intelligence, morpho-dynamics, and spatial biology, broadening its impact in cancer research. Conclusions QPI presents significant potential in advancing precision cancer medicine and redefining our approach to cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Future directions include harnessing high-throughput dynamic imaging, 3D QPI for realistic tumor models, and combining artificial intelligence with multi-omics data to extend QPI's capabilities. As a result, QPI stands at the forefront of cancer research and clinical application in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Cancer Center at Illinois, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Pittsburgh, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shikhar Uttam
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Goldstein Y, Cohen OT, Wald O, Bavli D, Kaplan T, Benny O. Particle uptake in cancer cells can predict malignancy and drug resistance using machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4370. [PMID: 38809990 PMCID: PMC11314625 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a primary factor that contributes to treatment failure. Predictive tools, capable of classifying cancer cells based on their functions, may substantially enhance therapy and extend patient life span. The connection between cell biomechanics and cancer cell functions is used here to classify cells through mechanical measurements, via particle uptake. Machine learning (ML) was used to classify cells based on single-cell patterns of uptake of particles with diverse sizes. Three pairs of human cancer cell subpopulations, varied in their level of drug resistance or malignancy, were studied. Cells were allowed to interact with fluorescently labeled polystyrene particles ranging in size from 0.04 to 3.36 μm and analyzed for their uptake patterns using flow cytometry. ML algorithms accurately classified cancer cell subtypes with accuracy rates exceeding 95%. The uptake data were especially advantageous for morphologically similar cell subpopulations. Moreover, the uptake data were found to serve as a form of "normalization" that could reduce variation in repeated experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Goldstein
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ora T. Cohen
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ori Wald
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Danny Bavli
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tommy Kaplan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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Xin L, Xiao X, Xiao W, Peng R, Wang H, Pan F. Screening for urothelial carcinoma cells in urine based on digital holographic flow cytometry through machine learning and deep learning methods. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2736-2746. [PMID: 38660758 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00854a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of urothelial carcinoma continues to rise annually, particularly among the elderly. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can significantly enhance patient survival and quality of life. Urine cytology remains a widely-used early screening method for urothelial carcinoma, but it still has limitations including sensitivity, labor-intensive procedures, and elevated cost. In recent developments, microfluidic chip technology offers an effective and efficient approach for clinical urine specimen analysis. Digital holographic microscopy, a form of quantitative phase imaging technology, captures extensive data on the refractive index and thickness of cells. The combination of microfluidic chips and digital holographic microscopy facilitates high-throughput imaging of live cells without staining. In this study, digital holographic flow cytometry was employed to rapidly capture images of diverse cell types present in urine and to reconstruct high-precision quantitative phase images for each cell type. Then, various machine learning algorithms and deep learning models were applied to categorize these cell images, and remarkable accuracy in cancer cell identification was achieved. This research suggests that the integration of digital holographic flow cytometry with artificial intelligence algorithms offers a promising, precise, and convenient approach for early screening of urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xi Xiao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ran Peng
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing 100191, China.
- Peking University Third Hospital, Cancer Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Medina-Ramirez IE, Macias-Diaz JE, Masuoka-Ito D, Zapien JA. Holotomography and atomic force microscopy: a powerful combination to enhance cancer, microbiology and nanotoxicology research. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:64. [PMID: 38594446 PMCID: PMC11003950 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Modern imaging strategies are paramount to studying living systems such as cells, bacteria, and fungi and their response to pathogens, toxicants, and nanomaterials (NMs) as modulated by exposure and environmental factors. The need to understand the processes and mechanisms of damage, healing, and cell survivability of living systems continues to motivate the development of alternative imaging strategies. Of particular interest is the use of label-free techniques (microscopy procedures that do not require sample staining) that minimize interference of biological processes by foreign marking substances and reduce intense light exposure and potential photo-toxicity effects. This review focuses on the synergic capabilities of atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a well-developed and robust imaging strategy with demonstrated applications to unravel intimate details in biomedical applications, with the label-free, fast, and enduring Holotomographic Microscopy (HTM) strategy. HTM is a technique that combines holography and tomography using a low intensity continuous illumination laser to investigate (quantitatively and non-invasively) cells, microorganisms, and thin tissue by generating three-dimensional (3D) images and monitoring in real-time inner morphological changes. We first review the operating principles that form the basis for the complementary details provided by these techniques regarding the surface and internal information provided by HTM and AFM, which are essential and complimentary for the development of several biomedical areas studying the interaction mechanisms of NMs with living organisms. First, AFM can provide superb resolution on surface morphology and biomechanical characterization. Second, the quantitative phase capabilities of HTM enable superb modeling and quantification of the volume, surface area, protein content, and mass density of the main components of cells and microorganisms, including the morphology of cells in microbiological systems. These capabilities result from directly quantifying refractive index changes without requiring fluorescent markers or chemicals. As such, HTM is ideal for long-term monitoring of living organisms in conditions close to their natural settings. We present a case-based review of the principal uses of both techniques and their essential contributions to nanomedicine and nanotoxicology (study of the harmful effects of NMs in living organisms), emphasizing cancer and infectious disease control. The synergic impact of the sequential use of these complementary strategies provides a clear drive for adopting these techniques as interdependent fundamental tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana E Medina-Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico.
| | - J E Macias-Diaz
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - David Masuoka-Ito
- Department of Stomatology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Zapien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Giugliano G, Behal J, Schiavo M, Memmolo P, Miccio L, Grilli S, Nazzaro F, Ferraro P, Bianco V. All-optical dual module platform for motility-based functional scrutiny of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2202-2223. [PMID: 38633099 PMCID: PMC11019698 DOI: 10.1364/boe.510543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are widely used in pharmaceutics to offer health benefits. Microencapsulation is used to deliver probiotics into the human body. Capsules in the stomach have to keep bacteria constrained until release occurs in the intestine. Once outside, bacteria must maintain enough motility to reach the intestine walls. Here, we develop a platform based on two label-free optical modules for rapidly screening and ranking probiotic candidates in the laboratory. Bio-speckle dynamics assay tests the microencapsulation effectiveness by simulating the gastrointestinal transit. Then, a digital holographic microscope 3D-tracks their motility profiles at a single element level to rank the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Giusy Giugliano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Jaromir Behal
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 77146, Czechia
| | - Michela Schiavo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Simonetta Grilli
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), Via Roma, 64, Avellino 83100, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
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7
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Li R, Xiong Z, Ma Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Ma S, Ha C. Enhancing precision medicine: a nomogram for predicting platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:81. [PMID: 38509620 PMCID: PMC10956367 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop a novel nomogram that can accurately estimate platinum resistance to enhance precision medicine in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC). METHODS EOC patients who received primary therapy at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between January 31, 2019, and June 30, 2021 were included. The LASSO analysis was utilized to screen the variables which contained clinical features and platinum-resistance gene immunohistochemistry scores. A nomogram was created after the logistic regression analysis to develop the prediction model. The consistency index (C-index), calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the nomogram's performance. RESULTS The logistic regression analysis created a prediction model based on 11 factors filtered down by LASSO regression. As predictors, the immunohistochemical scores of CXLC1, CXCL2, IL6, ABCC1, LRP, BCL2, vascular tumor thrombus, ascites cancer cells, maximum tumor diameter, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and HE4 were employed. The C-index of the nomogram was found to be 0.975. The nomogram's specificity is 95.35% and its sensitivity, with a cut-off value of 165.6, is 92.59%, as seen by the ROC curve. After the nomogram was externally validated in the test cohort, the coincidence rate was determined to be 84%, and the ROC curve indicated that the nomogram's AUC was 0.949. CONCLUSION A nomogram containing clinical characteristics and platinum gene IHC scores was developed and validated to predict the risk of EOC platinum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Li
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Xiong
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu'e Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohan Ma
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Ha
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ningxia Medical University and Ministry of Education of China, Department of Histology and Embryology in, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhou J, Dong J, Hou H, Huang L, Li J. High-throughput microfluidic systems accelerated by artificial intelligence for biomedical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1307-1326. [PMID: 38247405 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput microfluidic systems are widely used in biomedical fields for tasks like disease detection, drug testing, and material discovery. Despite the great advances in automation and throughput, the large amounts of data generated by the high-throughput microfluidic systems generally outpace the abilities of manual analysis. Recently, the convergence of microfluidic systems and artificial intelligence (AI) has been promising in solving the issue by significantly accelerating the process of data analysis as well as improving the capability of intelligent decision. This review offers a comprehensive introduction on AI methods and outlines the current advances of high-throughput microfluidic systems accelerated by AI, covering biomedical detection, drug screening, and automated system control and design. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in this field are critically discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jianpei Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing 102209, China
- Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Ciaparrone G, Pirone D, Fiore P, Xin L, Xiao W, Li X, Bardozzo F, Bianco V, Miccio L, Pan F, Memmolo P, Tagliaferri R, Ferraro P. Label-free cell classification in holographic flow cytometry through an unbiased learning strategy. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:924-932. [PMID: 38264771 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, label-free imaging flow cytometry at the single-cell level is considered the stepforward lab-on-a-chip technology to address challenges in clinical diagnostics, biology, life sciences and healthcare. In this framework, digital holography in microscopy promises to be a powerful imaging modality thanks to its multi-refocusing and label-free quantitative phase imaging capabilities, along with the encoding of the highest information content within the imaged samples. Moreover, the recent achievements of new data analysis tools for cell classification based on deep/machine learning, combined with holographic imaging, are urging these systems toward the effective implementation of point of care devices. However, the generalization capabilities of learning-based models may be limited from biases caused by data obtained from other holographic imaging settings and/or different processing approaches. In this paper, we propose a combination of a Mask R-CNN to detect the cells, a convolutional auto-encoder, used to the image feature extraction and operating on unlabelled data, thus overcoming the bias due to data coming from different experimental settings, and a feedforward neural network for single cell classification, that operates on the above extracted features. We demonstrate the proposed approach in the challenging classification task related to the identification of drug-resistant endometrial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Ciaparrone
- Neurone Lab, Department of Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Daniele Pirone
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Fiore
- Neurone Lab, Department of Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Lu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Francesco Bardozzo
- Neurone Lab, Department of Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tagliaferri
- Neurone Lab, Department of Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
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Bianco V, D'Agostino M, Pirone D, Giugliano G, Mosca N, Di Summa M, Scerra G, Memmolo P, Miccio L, Russo T, Stella E, Ferraro P. Label-Free Intracellular Multi-Specificity in Yeast Cells by Phase-Contrast Tomographic Flow Cytometry. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300447. [PMID: 37670547 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In-flow phase-contrast tomography provides a 3D refractive index of label-free cells in cytometry systems. Its major limitation, as with any quantitative phase imaging approach, is the lack of specificity compared to fluorescence microscopy, thus restraining its huge potentialities in single-cell analysis and diagnostics. Remarkable results in introducing specificity are obtained through artificial intelligence (AI), but only for adherent cells. However, accessing the 3D fluorescence ground truth and obtaining accurate voxel-level co-registration of image pairs for AI training is not viable for high-throughput cytometry. The recent statistical inference approach is a significant step forward for label-free specificity but remains limited to cells' nuclei. Here, a generalized computational strategy based on a self-consistent statistical inference to achieve intracellular multi-specificity is shown. Various subcellular compartments (i.e., nuclei, cytoplasmic vacuoles, the peri-vacuolar membrane area, cytoplasm, vacuole-nucleus contact site) can be identified and characterized quantitatively at different phases of the cells life cycle by using yeast cells as a biological model. Moreover, for the first time, virtual reality is introduced for handling the information content of multi-specificity in single cells. Full fruition is proofed for exploring and interacting with 3D quantitative biophysical parameters of the identified compartments on demand, thus opening the route to a metaverse for 3D microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Bianco
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Daniele Pirone
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Giusy Giugliano
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Nicola Mosca
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/D-O, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Maria Di Summa
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/D-O, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scerra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Tommaso Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Ettore Stella
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/D-O, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli, 80078, Italy
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11
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Pirone D, Montella A, Sirico D, Mugnano M, Del Giudice D, Kurelac I, Tirelli M, Iolascon A, Bianco V, Memmolo P, Capasso M, Miccio L, Ferraro P. Phenotyping neuroblastoma cells through intelligent scrutiny of stain-free biomarkers in holographic flow cytometry. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036118. [PMID: 37753527 PMCID: PMC10519746 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To efficiently tackle certain tumor types, finding new biomarkers for rapid and complete phenotyping of cancer cells is highly demanded. This is especially the case for the most common pediatric solid tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, namely, neuroblastoma (NB). Liquid biopsy is in principle a very promising tool for this purpose, but usually enrichment and isolation of circulating tumor cells in such patients remain difficult due to the unavailability of universal NB cell-specific surface markers. Here, we show that rapid screening and phenotyping of NB cells through stain-free biomarkers supported by artificial intelligence is a viable route for liquid biopsy. We demonstrate the concept through a flow cytometry based on label-free holographic quantitative phase-contrast microscopy empowered by machine learning. In detail, we exploit a hierarchical decision scheme where at first level NB cells are classified from monocytes with 97.9% accuracy. Then we demonstrate that different phenotypes are discriminated within NB class. Indeed, for each cell classified as NB its belonging to one of four NB sub-populations (i.e., CHP212, SKNBE2, SHSY5Y, and SKNSH) is evaluated thus achieving accuracy in the range 73.6%-89.1%. The achieved results solve the realistic problem related to the identification circulating tumor cell, i.e., the possibility to recognize and detect tumor cells morphologically similar to blood cells, which is the core issue in liquid biopsy based on stain-free microscopy. The presented approach operates at lab-on-chip scale and emulates real-world scenarios, thus representing a future route for liquid biopsy by exploiting intelligent biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele Sirico
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello,” via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Mugnano
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello,” via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Danila Del Giudice
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello,” via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Vittorio Bianco
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello,” via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello,” via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello,” via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello,” via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
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12
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Yao Y, He L, Mei L, Weng Y, Huang J, Wei S, Li R, Tian S, Liu P, Ruan X, Wang D, Zhou F, Lei C. Cell damage evaluation by intelligent imaging flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2023; 103:646-654. [PMID: 36966466 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is an uncommon situation in which the body produces too many platelets. This can cause blood clots anywhere in the body and results in various symptoms and even strokes or heart attacks. Removing excessive platelets using acoustofluidic methods receives extensive attention due to their high efficiency and high yield. While the damage to the remaining cells, such as erythrocytes and leukocytes is yet evaluated. Existing cell damage evaluation methods usually require cell staining, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this paper, we investigate cell damage by optical time-stretch (OTS) imaging flow cytometry with high throughput and in a label-free manner. Specifically, we first image the erythrocytes and leukocytes sorted by acoustofluidic sorting chip with different acoustic wave powers and flowing speed using OTS imaging flow cytometry at a flowing speed up to 1 m/s. Then, we employ machine learning algorithms to extract biophysical phenotypic features from the cellular images, as well as to cluster and identify images. The results show that both the errors of the biophysical phenotypic features and the proportion of abnormal cells are within 10% in the undamaged cell groups, while the errors are much greater than 10% in the damaged cell groups, indicating that acoustofluidic sorting causes little damage to the cells within the appropriate acoustic power, agreeing well with clinical assays. Our method provides a novel approach for high-throughput and label-free cell damage evaluation in scientific research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liye Mei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueyun Weng
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Transients in Hydraulic Machinery of Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shubin Wei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rubing Li
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolan Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Du Wang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou, China
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13
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Wang Z, Bianco V, Maffettone PL, Ferraro P. Holographic flow scanning cytometry overcomes depth of focus limits and smartly adapts to microfluidic speed. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2316-2326. [PMID: 37074006 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Space-time digital holography (STDH) maps holograms in a hybrid space-time domain to achieve extended field of view, resolution enhanced, quantitative phase-contrast microscopy and velocimetry of flowing objects in a label-free modality. In STDH, area sensors can be replaced by compact and faster linear sensor arrays to augment the imaging throughput and to compress data from a microfluidic video sequence into one single hybrid hologram. However, in order to ensure proper imaging, the velocity of the objects in microfluidic channels has to be well-matched to the acquisition frame rate, which is the major constraint of the method. Also, imaging all the flowing samples in focus at the same time, while avoiding hydrodynamic focusing devices, is a highly desirable goal. Here we demonstrate a novel processing pipeline that addresses non-ideal flow conditions and is capable of returning the correct and extended focus phase contrast mapping of an entire microfluidic experiment in a single image. We apply this novel processing strategy to recover phase imaging of flowing HeLa cells in a lab-on-a-chip platform even when severely undersampled due to too fast flow while ensuring that all cells are in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pier Luca Maffettone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello" (ISASI-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
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14
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Sun A, He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Wang S, Liu C. Phase flow cytometry with coherent modulation imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202300057. [PMID: 37039822 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Label-free imaging and identification of fast-moving cells is a very challenging task. A kind of phase flow cytometry using coherent modulation imaging was proposed to realize label-free imaging and identification on fast-moving cells with compact optical alignment and high accuracy. Phase image of cells under inspection could be computed qualitatively from their diffraction patterns at the accuracy of about 0.01 wavelength and the resolution of about 1.23 μm and the view field of 0.126 mm2 . Since the imaging system was mainly composed by a piece of random phase plate a detector without using commonly adopted reference beam and corresponding complex optical alignment, this method has much compacter optical structure and much higher tolerance capability to environmental instability in comparison with other kinds of phase flow cytometry. Current experimental results prove it could be an efficient optical tool for label-free tumor cell detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Sun
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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15
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Dedeloudi A, Weaver E, Lamprou DA. Machine learning in additive manufacturing & Microfluidics for smarter and safer drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122818. [PMID: 36907280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
A new technological passage has emerged in the pharmaceutical field, concerning the management, application, and transfer of knowledge from humans to machines, as well as the implementation of advanced manufacturing and product optimisation processes. Machine Learning (ML) methods have been introduced to Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Microfluidics (MFs) to predict and generate learning patterns for precise fabrication of tailor-made pharmaceutical treatments. Moreover, regarding the diversity and complexity of personalised medicine, ML has been part of quality by design strategy, targeting towards the development of safe and effective drug delivery systems. The utilisation of different and novel ML techniques along with Internet of Things sensors in AM and MFs, have shown promising aspects regarding the development of well-defined automated procedures towards the production of sustainable and quality-based therapeutic systems. Thus, the effective data utilisation, prospects on a flexible and broader production of "on demand" treatments. In this study, a thorough overview has been achieved, concerning scientific achievements of the past decade, which aims to trigger the research interest on incorporating different types of ML in AM and MFs, as essential techniques for the enhancement of quality standards of customised medicinal applications, as well as the reduction of variability potency, throughout a pharmaceutical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dedeloudi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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16
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Siu DMD, Lee KCM, Chung BMF, Wong JSJ, Zheng G, Tsia KK. Optofluidic imaging meets deep learning: from merging to emerging. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1011-1033. [PMID: 36601812 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Propelled by the striking advances in optical microscopy and deep learning (DL), the role of imaging in lab-on-a-chip has dramatically been transformed from a silo inspection tool to a quantitative "smart" engine. A suite of advanced optical microscopes now enables imaging over a range of spatial scales (from molecules to organisms) and temporal window (from microseconds to hours). On the other hand, the staggering diversity of DL algorithms has revolutionized image processing and analysis at the scale and complexity that were once inconceivable. Recognizing these exciting but overwhelming developments, we provide a timely review of their latest trends in the context of lab-on-a-chip imaging, or coined optofluidic imaging. More importantly, here we discuss the strengths and caveats of how to adopt, reinvent, and integrate these imaging techniques and DL algorithms in order to tailor different lab-on-a-chip applications. In particular, we highlight three areas where the latest advances in lab-on-a-chip imaging and DL can form unique synergisms: image formation, image analytics and intelligent image-guided autonomous lab-on-a-chip. Despite the on-going challenges, we anticipate that they will represent the next frontiers in lab-on-a-chip imaging that will spearhead new capabilities in advancing analytical chemistry research, accelerating biological discovery, and empowering new intelligent clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson M D Siu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Kelvin C M Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Bob M F Chung
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Justin S J Wong
- Conzeb Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Guoan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kevin K Tsia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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17
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Zhao S, Liu H, Fan M. SPOCK2 Promotes the Malignant Behavior of Ovarian Cancer via Regulation of the Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9223954. [PMID: 36193300 PMCID: PMC9525767 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9223954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common clinical gynecological disease, which seriously threatens women's health and life. We investigated the roles of SPOCK2 in OC and its associated molecular mechanism in the current study. Methods The expressions and prognostic value of SPOCK2 in OC were identified using the clinical data and data from the GEPIA database. Then, SPOCK2 silence was implemented to search functions of SPOCK2 in OC cells. CCK-8 was used to examine cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The OC cell invasion and migration were evaluated by transwell assays. Results Overexpressed SPOCK2 was identified in OC, which was correlated with poor prognosis and a shorter survival rate. SPOCK2 downregulation significantly suppressed OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and cell apoptosis was markedly promoted by SPOCK2 silence. Meanwhile, SPOCK2 knockdown could effectively suppress Wnt/β-catenin. Conclusion SPOCK2 exerted crucial functions in OC progression and could serve as a promising candidate for OC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Obstetrical Department, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Mingying Fan
- Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
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18
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Polanco ER, Moustafa TE, Butterfield A, Scherer SD, Cortes-Sanchez E, Bodily T, Spike BT, Welm BE, Bernard PS, Zangle TA. Multiparametric quantitative phase imaging for real-time, single cell, drug screening in breast cancer. Commun Biol 2022; 5:794. [PMID: 35941353 PMCID: PMC9360018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) measures the growth rate of individual cells by quantifying changes in mass versus time. Here, we use the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, BT-474, and MDA-MB-231 to validate QPI as a multiparametric approach for determining response to single-agent therapies. Our method allows for rapid determination of drug sensitivity, cytotoxicity, heterogeneity, and time of response for up to 100,000 individual cells or small clusters in a single experiment. We find that QPI EC50 values are concordant with CellTiter-Glo (CTG), a gold standard metabolic endpoint assay. In addition, we apply multiparametric QPI to characterize cytostatic/cytotoxic and rapid/slow responses and track the emergence of resistant subpopulations. Thus, QPI reveals dynamic changes in response heterogeneity in addition to average population responses, a key advantage over endpoint viability or metabolic assays. Overall, multiparametric QPI reveals a rich picture of cell growth by capturing the dynamics of single-cell responses to candidate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Polanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tarek E Moustafa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew Butterfield
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sandra D Scherer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emilio Cortes-Sanchez
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tyler Bodily
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin T Spike
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bryan E Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Philip S Bernard
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thomas A Zangle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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19
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Advances in Digital Holographic Interferometry. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8070196. [PMID: 35877640 PMCID: PMC9323567 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8070196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Holographic interferometry is a well-established field of science and optical engineering. It has a half-century history of successful implementation as the solution to numerous technical tasks and problems. However, fast progress in digital and computer holography has promoted it to a new level of possibilities and has opened brand new fields of its application. In this review paper, we consider some such new techniques and applications.
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20
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Hsieh HC, Lin PT, Sung KB. Characterization and identification of cell death dynamics by quantitative phase imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:046502. [PMID: 35484694 PMCID: PMC9047449 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.4.046502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Investigating cell death dynamics at the single-cell level plays an essential role in biological research. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI), a label-free method without adverse effects of exogenous labels, has been widely used to image many types of cells under various conditions. However, the dynamics of QPI features during cell death have not been thoroughly characterized. AIM We aim to develop a label-free technique to quantitatively characterize single-cell dynamics of cellular morphology and intracellular mass distribution of cells undergoing apoptosis and necrosis. APPROACH QPI was used to capture time-lapse phase images of apoptotic, necrotic, and normal cells. The dynamics of morphological and QPI features during cell death were fitted by a sigmoid function to quantify both the extent and rate of changes. RESULTS The two types of cell death mainly differed from normal cells in the lower phase of the central region and differed from each other in the sharp nuclear boundary shown in apoptotic cells. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method characterizes the dynamics of cellular morphology and intracellular mass distributions, which could be applied to studying cells undergoing state transition such as drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ching Hsieh
- National Taiwan University, Department of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Lin
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Bin Sung
- National Taiwan University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Molecular Imaging Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Digital Holographic Microscopy for Label-Free Detection of Leukocyte Alternations Associated with Perioperative Inflammation after Cardiac Surgery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040755. [PMID: 35203403 PMCID: PMC8869820 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In a prospective observational pilot study on patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, we evaluated label-free quantitative phase imaging (QPI) with digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to describe perioperative inflammation by changes in biophysical cell properties of lymphocytes and monocytes. Blood samples from 25 patients were investigated prior to cardiac surgery and postoperatively at day 1, 3 and 6. Biophysical and morphological cell parameters accessible with DHM, such as cell volume, refractive index, dry mass, and cell shape related form factor, were acquired and compared to common flow cytometric blood cell markers of inflammation and selected routine laboratory parameters. In all examined patients, cardiac surgery induced an acute inflammatory response as indicated by changes in routine laboratory parameters and flow cytometric cell markers. DHM results were associated with routine laboratory and flow cytometric data and correlated with complications in the postoperative course. In a subgroup analysis, patients were classified according to the inflammation related C-reactive protein (CRP) level, treatment with epinephrine and the occurrence of postoperative complications. Patients with regular courses, without epinephrine treatment and with low CRP values showed a postoperative lymphocyte volume increase. In contrast, the group of patients with increased CRP levels indicated an even further enlarged lymphocyte volume, while for the groups of epinephrine treated patients and patients with complicative courses, no postoperative lymphocyte volume changes were detected. In summary, the study demonstrates the capability of DHM to describe biophysical cell parameters of perioperative lymphocytes and monocytes changes in cardiac surgery patients. The pattern of correlations between biophysical DHM data and laboratory parameters, flow cytometric cell markers, and the postoperative course exemplify DHM as a promising diagnostic tool for a characterization of inflammatory processes and course of disease.
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