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Liu C, Yang X, Yu Z, Pu J, Xu M. Impacts of MnO 2 on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth: A study with MnO 2-amended organic fertilizer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173591. [PMID: 38810753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Manganese dioxide (MnO2), as a catalyst in composting processes, can accumulate in soil over multiple fertilizations. However, its impact on crop growth remains to be explored. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of MnO2 on the tomato plant performance across various growth stages. Results showed that MnO2 reduced the plant height, leaf number and length by 35.53 %, 27.61 %, and 37.00 %, respectively, and decreased the fruit weight (23.16 %) and sugar-acid ratio (29.7 %) of fruits compared to the MnO2-free control. The adverse impacts of MnO2 on plant growth might be attributed to the inhibition of microbial activity in soil reflected by the reduction of soil urease (9.30 %) and acid phosphatase (12.52 %) activities, which decreased the efficiency of nutrients conversion and uptake. The decrease of nutrient elements in roots resulted in oxidative stress in the plant, inhibiting the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity thereby reducing the translocation of nutrients (e.g., calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) translocation from roots to leaves. Furthermore, the phytohormones indolebutyric acid, gibberellin, and jasmonic acid of leaves were disturbed. This study reveals the risks associated with the application of MnO2-containing organic fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xunan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Zhen Yu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Science, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jia Pu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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2
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Patel MA, Vora RK, Sanghvi YS, Kapdi AR. Ambient Temperature Metal-Free Thiomethylation of Chloroheteroarenes and Chloropurines. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400114. [PMID: 38598666 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report an in-situ mild and metal-free protocol for thiomethylation of heteroarenes in high yields. The thiomethylation of various chloropurines, nucleosides, and chloroheteroarenes has been accomplished offering easy access to agrochemicals and synthetic molecules useful for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha A Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Raj K Vora
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, South Ambazari Road, Nagpur, 440010, India
| | - Yogesh S Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802 Crystal Ridge Road, Encinitas, CA 92024-6615, U.S.A
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
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3
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Facchin M, Gatto V, Samiolo R, Conca S, Santandrea D, Beghetto V. May 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives be the future of leather tanning? A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123472. [PMID: 38320686 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Leather is produced by a multi-step process among which the tanning phase is the most relevant, transforming animal skin collagen into a stable, non-putrescible material used to produce a variety of different goods, for the footwear, automotive, garments, and sports industry. Most of the leather produced today is tanned with chromium (III) salts or alternatively with aldehydes or synthetic tannins, generating high environmental concern. Over the years, high exhaustion tanning systems have been developed to reduce the environmental impact of chromium salts, which nevertheless do not avoid the use of metals. Chrome-free alternatives such as aldehydes and phenol based synthetic tannins, are suffering from Reach restrictions due to their toxicity. Thus, the need for environmentally benign and economically sustainable tanning agents is increasingly urgent. In this review, the synthesis, use and tanning mechanism of a new class of tanning agents, 1,3,5-triazines derivatives, have been reported together with organoleptic, physical mechanical characteristics of tanned leather produced. Additionally environmental performance and economic data available for 1,3,5-triazines have been compared with those of a standard basic chromium sulphate tanning process, evidencing the high potentiality for sustainable, metal, aldehyde, and phenol free leather manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Facchin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy
| | - Vanessa Gatto
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Samiolo
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Silvia Conca
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Domenico Santandrea
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy
| | - Valentina Beghetto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy; Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e La Catalisi (CIRCC), Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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Chen ZJ, Wang HW, Li SY, Zhang YH, Qu YN, He ZH, Li XS, Liu XL. Uptake, translocation, accumulation, and metabolism of fluroxypyr-meptyl and oxidative stress induction in rice seedling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6094-6105. [PMID: 38147256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluroxypyr-meptyl (FLUME) is heterocyclic herbicide with internal absorption and transmission characteristics. Owing to its low cost and rapid efficacy, it has been widely used to control broad-leaved weeds in wheat, corn, and rice fields. However, the uptake, translocation, accumulation, and metabolism of FLUME in rice seedlings and the extent of oxidative stress induced by it remain largely unknown, which consequently restricts the comprehensive risk assessment of FLUME residues in the environment during rice production. Hence, we systematically investigated the growth and physiological responses of rice to FLUME and analyzed its uptake, translocation, accumulation, and metabolism in rice seedlings. The results indicated that under 0-0.12 mg/L FLUME treatment, only a small proportion of FLUME was translocated upward and accumulated in rice shoots following absorption via roots, with all the translocation factor values being < 1. Moreover, the distribution and enrichment ability of FLUME in rice seedlings were greater in roots than in shoots. Furthermore, we revealed that FLUME accumulation in rice seedlings evidently inhibited their growth and activated the defense system against oxidative stress, with an increase in the activity of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. In addition, multiple metabolic reactions of FLUME were observed in rice seedlings, including dehalogenation, hydroxylation, glycosylation, acetylation, and malonylation. Our study provides systematic insights into the uptake, translocation, accumulation, and metabolism of FLUME in rice seedlings as well as the oxidative stress induced by FLUME accumulation, which can help improve FLUME applications and environmental risk assessments in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jie Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Da Xue East Road No. 100, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Wen Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Da Xue East Road No. 100, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Si Ying Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Da Xue East Road No. 100, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Heng Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Da Xue East Road No. 100, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ya Nan Qu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Da Xue East Road No. 100, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi Hai He
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Da Xue East Road No. 100, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Sheng Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Da Xue East Road No. 100, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Liang Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Da Xue East Road No. 100, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Ahmad S, Chandrasekaran M, Ahmad HW. Investigation of the Persistence, Toxicological Effects, and Ecological Issues of S-Triazine Herbicides and Their Biodegradation Using Emerging Technologies: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37894216 PMCID: PMC10609637 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
S-triazines are a group of herbicides that are extensively applied to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in agricultural production. They are mainly taken up through plant roots and are transformed by xylem tissues throughout the plant system. They are highly persistent and have a long half-life in the environment. Due to imprudent use, their toxic residues have enormously increased in the last few years and are frequently detected in food commodities, which causes chronic diseases in humans and mammals. However, for the safety of the environment and the diversity of living organisms, the removal of s-triazine herbicides has received widespread attention. In this review, the degradation of s-triazine herbicides and their intermediates by indigenous microbial species, genes, enzymes, plants, and nanoparticles are systematically investigated. The hydrolytic degradation of substituents on the s-triazine ring is catalyzed by enzymes from the amidohydrolase superfamily and yields cyanuric acid as an intermediate. Cyanuric acid is further metabolized into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Microbial-free cells efficiently degrade s-triazine herbicides in laboratory as well as field trials. Additionally, the combinatorial approach of nanomaterials with indigenous microbes has vast potential and considered sustainable for removing toxic residues in the agroecosystem. Due to their smaller size and unique properties, they are equally distributed in sediments, soil, water bodies, and even small crevices. Finally, this paper highlights the implementation of bioinformatics and molecular tools, which provide a myriad of new methods to monitor the biodegradation of s-triazine herbicides and help to identify the diverse number of microbial communities that actively participate in the biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute (ESHI), City Campus, School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman Lower, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Murugesan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Neungdong-ro 209, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hafiz Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
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Abarikwu SO, Ezim OE, Ikeji CN, Farombi EO. Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1246708. [PMID: 37876981 PMCID: PMC10590919 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1246708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. At the level of human exposure, ATZ reduces sperm count and contribute to infertility in men. ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. This results in differing cytotoxic responses that are influenced by the nature of target cells, assay types and concentrations of ATZ. However, oxidative stress could play salient role in the observed cellular and genetic toxicity and apoptosis-like effects which could be abrogated by antioxidant vitamins and flavonoids, including vitamin E, quercetin, kolaviron, myricetin and bioactive extractives with antioxidant effects. This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O. Abarikwu
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu E. Ezim
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Cynthia N. Ikeji
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O. Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Baćmaga M, Wyszkowska J, Borowik A, Kucharski J. Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14469. [PMID: 37833917 PMCID: PMC10572980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil's biological equilibrium, disturbed by the uncontrolled penetration of pesticides, can be restored by the activity of native microorganisms, which show abilities in neutralizing these xenobiotics. Therefore, this research is necessary in the search for new microorganisms used in the process of the bioremediation of contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the herbicides, Sulcogan 300 SC, Tezosar 500 SC, and Sulcotrek 500 SC, applied to soil at the manufacturers' recommended dosage as well as 10-fold higher, on the abundance of microorganisms, the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities, the activity of soil enzymes, and the growth and development of Zea mays L. It was found that herbicides in contaminating amounts stimulated the proliferation of organotrophic bacteria and inhibited the growth of fungi. Organotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria were represented by K-strategies and fungi by r-strategies. Bacteria belonging to the phylum, Actinobacteriota, represented by the genus, Cellulosimicrobium, were most abundant in the soil, while among the fungi, it was the phylum, Ascomycota, represented by the genus, Humicola and Chaetomium. The herbicides decreased urease activity while increasing arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase activity. They had a positive effect on the growth and development of Zea mays L., as evidenced by an increase in the values of the plant tolerance index (TI) and the maize leaf greenness index (SPAD). The results indicate that soil microorganisms and enzymes are suitable indicators reflecting the quality of herbicide-treated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jadwiga Wyszkowska
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.B.); (A.B.); (J.K.)
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Yao T, Sun P, Zhao W. Triazine Herbicides Risk Management Strategies on Environmental and Human Health Aspects Using In-Silico Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065691. [PMID: 36982765 PMCID: PMC10052965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As an effective herbicide, 1, 3, 5-Triazine herbicides (S-THs) are used widely in the pesticide market. However, due to their chemical properties, S-THs severely threaten the environment and human health (e.g., human lung cytotoxicity). In this study, molecular docking, Analytic Hierarchy Process—Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (AHP-TOPSIS), and a three-dimensional quantitative structure-active relationship (3D-QSAR) model were used to design S-TH substitutes with high herbicidal functionality, high microbial degradability, and low human lung cytotoxicity. We discovered a substitute, Derivative-5, with excellent overall performance. Furthermore, Taguchi orthogonal experiments, full factorial design of experiments, and the molecular dynamics method were used to identify three chemicals (namely, the coexistence of aspartic acid, alanine, and glycine) that could promote the degradation of S-THs in maize cropping fields. Finally, density functional theory (DFT), Estimation Programs Interface (EPI), pharmacokinetic, and toxicokinetic methods were used to further verify the high microbial degradability, favorable aquatic environment, and human health friendliness of Derivative 5. This study provided a new direction for further optimizations of novel pesticide chemicals.
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Insights into the photoinduced degradation of terbuthylazine from aqueous solution: The synergic effects generated from hydrogen-bond interactions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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