1
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Jagadish K, Godha A, Pandit B, Jadhav Y, Dutta A, Satapathy J, Bhatt H, Singh B, Makineni SK, Pal S, Rondiya SR. Charge Carrier Dynamics in Bandgap Modulated Covellite-CuS Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405859. [PMID: 39286888 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Copper Sulfide (CuS) semiconductors have garnered interest, but the effect of transition metal doping on charge carrier kinetics and bandgap remains unclear. In this study, the interactions between dopant atoms (Nickel, Cobalt, and Manganese) and the CuS lattice using spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis are explored. The findings show that sp-d exchange interactions between band electrons and the dopant ions, which replace Cu2+, are key to altering the material's properties. Specifically, these interactions result in a reduced bandgap by shifting the conduction and valence band edges and increasing carrier concentration. It is observed that undoped CuS nanoflowers exhibit a carrier lifetime of 2.16 ns, whereas Mn-doped CuS shows an extended lifetime of 2.62 ns. This increase is attributed to longer carrier scattering times (84 ± 5 fs for Mn-CuS compared to 53 ± 14 fs for CuS) and slower trapping (∼1.5 ps) with prolonged de-trapping (∼100 ps) rates. These dopant-induced energy levels enhance mobility and carrier lifetime by reducing recombination rates. This study highlights the potential of doped CuS as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and emphasizes the applicability of metal sulfides in energy solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Jagadish
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Akshath Godha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Bidhan Pandit
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yogesh Jadhav
- Symbiosis Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
| | - Arpita Dutta
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of HBNI, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Jyotiprakash Satapathy
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of HBNI, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Himanshu Bhatt
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Balpartap Singh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Shovon Pal
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of HBNI, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Sachin R Rondiya
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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2
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Jindal S, Tian Z, Mallick A, Kandambeth S, Liu C, Bhatt PM, Zhang X, Shekhah O, Alshareef HN, Eddaoudi M. p/n-Type Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks for High-Performance Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2407525. [PMID: 39268778 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202407525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are viewed as promising organic electrode materials for metal-ion batteries due to their structural diversity and tailoring capabilities. In this work, firstly using the monomers N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine (TPDA) and terephthaldehyde (TA), p-type phenylenediamine-based imine-linked TPDA-TA-COF is synthesized. To construct a bipolar redox-active, porous and highly crystalline polyimide-linked COF, i.e., TPDA-NDI-COF, n-type 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NDA) molecules are incorporated into p-type TPDA-TA-COF structure via postsynthetic linker exchange method. This tailored COF demonstrated a wide potential window (1.03.6 V vs Na+/Na) with dual redox-active centers, positioning it as a favorable cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Owing to the inheritance of multiple redox functionalities, TPDA-NDI-COF can deliver a specific capacity of 67 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1, which is double the capacity of TPDA-TA-COF (28 mAh g-1). The incorporation of carbon nanotube (CNT) into the TPDA-NDI-COF matrix resulted in an enhancement of specific capacity to 120 mAh g-1 at 0.02 A g-1. TPDA-NDI-50%CNT demonstrated robust cyclic stability and retained a capacity of 92 mAh g-1 even after 10 000 cycles at 1.0 A g-1. Furthermore, the COF cathode exhibited an average discharge voltage of 2.1 V, surpassing the performance of most reported COF as a host material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jindal
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhengnan Tian
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharath Kandambeth
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Liu
- Applied Physics, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant M Bhatt
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Shekhah
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Banerjee AN, Joo SW. 'Beyond Li-ion technology'-a status review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:472001. [PMID: 39079542 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad690b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Li-ion battery is currently considered to be the most proven technology for energy storage systems when it comes to the overall combination of energy, power, cyclability and cost. However, there are continuous expectations for cost reduction in large-scale applications, especially in electric vehicles and grids, alongside growing concerns over safety, availability of natural resources for lithium, and environmental remediation. Therefore, industry and academia have consequently shifted their focus towards 'beyond Li-ion technologies'. In this respect, other non-Li-based alkali-ion/polyvalent-ion batteries, non-Li-based all solid-state batteries, fluoride-ion/ammonium-ion batteries, redox-flow batteries, sand batteries and hydrogen fuel cells etc. are becoming potential cost-effective alternatives. While there has been notable swift advancement across various materials, chemistries, architectures, and applications in this field, a comprehensive overview encompassing high-energy 'beyond Li-ion' technologies, along with considerations of commercial viability, is currently lacking. Therefore, in this review article, a rationalized approach is adopted to identify notable 'post-Li' candidates. Their pros and cons are comprehensively presented by discussing the fundamental principles in terms of material characteristics, relevant chemistries, and architectural developments that make a good high-energy 'beyond Li' storage system. Furthermore, a concise summary outlining the primary challenges of each system is provided, alongside the potential strategies being implemented to mitigate these issues. Additionally, the extent to which these strategies have positively influenced the performance of these 'post-Li' technologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Narayan Banerjee
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Zhan J, Huang J, Li Z, Yuan J, Dou SX, Liu HK, Wu C. Air-Stable High-Entropy Layered Oxide Cathode with Enhanced Cycling Stability for Sodium-Ion Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9793-9800. [PMID: 39087649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
O3-type layered oxides have been extensively studied as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their high reversible capacity and high initial sodium content, but they suffer from complex phase transitions and an unstable structure during sodium intercalation/deintercalation. Herein, we synthesize a high-entropy O3-type layered transition metal oxide, NaNi0.3Cu0.05Fe0.1Mn0.3Mg0.05Ti0.2O2 (NCFMMT), by simultaneously doping Cu, Mg, and Ti into its transition metal layers, which greatly increase structural entropy, thereby reducing formation energy and enhancing structural stability. The high-entropy NCFMMT cathode exhibits significantly improved cycling stability (capacity retention of 81.4% at 1C after 250 cycles and 86.8% at 5C after 500 cycles) compared to pristine NaNi0.3Fe0.4Mn0.3O2 (71% after 100 cycles at 1C), as well as remarkable air stability. Finally, the NCFMMT//hard carbon full-cell batteries deliver a high initial capacity of 103 mAh g-1 at 1C, with 83.8 mAh g-1 maintained after 300 cycles (capacity retention of 81.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jujun Yuan
- College of Physics and Electronics, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Hua-Kun Liu
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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5
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Vlasenko V, Nowagiel M, Wasiucionek M, Pietrzak TK. Stabilization of δ-like Bi 2O 3 Phase at Room Temperature in Binary and Ternary Bismuthate Glass Systems with Al 2O 3, SiO 2, GeO 2, and B 2O 3. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4023. [PMID: 39203201 DOI: 10.3390/ma17164023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, it was shown that the nanocrystallization of Bi2O3 glasses with the addition of SiO2 and Al2O3 leads to the stabilization of the δ-like Bi2O3 phase at least down to room temperature, which is significantly below its stability range in bulk form. In this research, we investigated the properties of bismuthate glasses synthesized with various glass-forming agents such as SiO2, GeO2, B2O3, and Al2O3. It was demonstrated that vitrification of all these systems is possible using a standard melt quenching route. Furthermore, we investigated the crystallization processes in pristine glasses upon increasing the temperature and the thermal stability of arising phases using thermal analysis and high-temperature XRD in situ experiments. It was shown that it is possible to stabilize crystallites' isostructures with δ-Bi2O3 embedded in a residual glassy matrix down to room temperature. The temperature range of the appearance of the δ-like phase strongly depended on the nominal composition of the glasses. We postulate that the confinement effect depends on the local properties of the residual glassy matrix and its ability to introduce sufficient force to stretch the structure of the δ-like Bi2O3 phase in the nanocrystallites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Vlasenko
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, PL-00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Nowagiel
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, PL-00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wasiucionek
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, PL-00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz K Pietrzak
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, PL-00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Li M, Lin W, Ji Y, Guan L, Qiu L, Chen Y, Lu Q, Ding X. Recent progress in high-voltage P2-Na x TMO 2 materials and their future perspectives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24797-24814. [PMID: 39119284 PMCID: PMC11306967 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04790g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
P2-type layered materials (Na x TMO2) have become attractive cathode electrodes owing to their high theoretical energy density and simple preparation. However, they still face severe phase transition and low conductivity. Current research on Na x TMO2 is mostly focused on the modification of bulk materials, and the application performances have been infrequently addressed. This review summarizes the information on current common P2-Na x TMO2 materials and discusses their sodium-storage mechanisms. Furthermore, modification strategies to improve their performance are addressed for practical applications based on a range of key parameters (output voltage, specific capacity, and lifespan). We also discuss the future development trends and application prospects for P2 cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Weiqi Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Yurong Ji
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Lianyu Guan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Linyuan Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Qiaoyu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Xiang Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Oxygenated Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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7
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Yang T, Wang X, Liu Z, Liu Q. Cation Configuration and Structural Degradation of Layered Transition Metal Oxides in Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18834-18851. [PMID: 38995623 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Given the pressing depletion of lithium resources, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) stand out as a cost-effective alternative for energy storage solutions in the near future. Layered transition metal oxides (LTMOs) emerge as the leading cathode materials for SIBs due to their superior specific capacities and abundant raw materials. Nonetheless, achieving long-term stability in LTMOs for SIBs remains a challenge due to the inevitable structural degradation during charge-discharge cycles. The complexity and diversity of cation configurations/superstructures within the transition metal layers (TMO2) further complicate the understanding for newcomers. Therefore, it is critical to summarize and discuss the factors leading to structural degradation and the available strategies for enhancing LTMOs' stability. In this review, the cationic configurations of TMO2 layers are introduced from a crystallographic perspective. It then identifies and examines four key factors responsible for structural decay, alongside the impacts of various modification strategies. Finally, more effective and practical research approaches for investigating LTMOs have been proposed. The work aims to enhance the comprehension of the structural deterioration of LTMOs and facilitate a substantial improvement in their cycle life and energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbo Liu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong People's Republic of China
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8
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Harrison DM, Kim EY, Rhodes TB, Yang Z, Paige M, Luo C. A bipolar polymer cathode for sodium-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7192-7195. [PMID: 38904432 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01479k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A bipolar polymer cathode material, containing redox-active azo benzene and diamine moieties, was synthesized for sodium-ion batteries. The n-type azo group and p-type amine group enable a wide cutoff window with an initial capacity of 93 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1 and a high voltage plateau at ∼3.3 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Harrison
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Eric Youngsam Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Thierno B Rhodes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Quantum Science & Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
- Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
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9
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Chen T, Han X, Jie M, Guo Z, Li J, He X. Mo-Doped Na 4Fe 3(PO 4) 2P 2O 7/C Composites for High-Rate and Long-Life Sodium-Ion Batteries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2679. [PMID: 38893941 PMCID: PMC11174099 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7/C (NFPP) is a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, but its electrochemical performance is heavily impeded by its low electronic conductivity. To address this, pure-phase Mo6+-doped Na4Fe3-xMox(PO4)2P2O7/C (Mox-NFPP, x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) with the Pn21a space group is successfully synthesized through spray drying and annealing methods. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Mo6+ doping facilitates the transition of electrons from the valence to the conduction band, thus enhancing the intrinsic electron conductivity of Mox-NFPP. With an optimal Mo6+ doping level of x = 0.10, Mo0.10-NFPP exhibits lower charge transfer resistance, higher sodium-ion diffusion coefficients, and superior rate performance. As a result, the Mo0.10-NFPP cathode offers an initial discharge capacity of up to 123.9 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C, nearly reaching its theoretical capacity. Even at a high rate of 10 C, it delivers a high discharge capacity of 86.09 mAh g-1, maintaining 96.18% of its capacity after 500 cycles. This research presents a new and straightforward strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of NFPP cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Chen
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China; (T.C.); (X.H.); (M.J.); (Z.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fuels Cleaning and Advanced Catalytic Emission Reduction Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Xianying Han
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China; (T.C.); (X.H.); (M.J.); (Z.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fuels Cleaning and Advanced Catalytic Emission Reduction Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Mengling Jie
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China; (T.C.); (X.H.); (M.J.); (Z.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fuels Cleaning and Advanced Catalytic Emission Reduction Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Zhiwu Guo
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China; (T.C.); (X.H.); (M.J.); (Z.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fuels Cleaning and Advanced Catalytic Emission Reduction Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Jiangang Li
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China; (T.C.); (X.H.); (M.J.); (Z.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fuels Cleaning and Advanced Catalytic Emission Reduction Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear & New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Gabryelczyk A, Swiderska-Mocek A. Tailoring the Properties of Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Batteries Using Ionic Liquids: A Review. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304207. [PMID: 38407825 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are an extraordinary group of compounds, fully ionic in structure like inorganic salts but with low melting points, that resemble organic molecular solvents. Their chemical, electrochemical, and thermal stability is what draws the attention and enables their use in many applications, including electrochemical power sources. Even though they are no longer considered eco-friendly because of nonnegligible toxicity and long bioaccumulation, they can still be efficiently recovered, purified, and reused. These attributes can be harvested to enhance the properties of gel polymer electrolytes for the emerging sodium-ion batteries. The variety of anions and cations for ILs and their influence on the final properties of the compound opens the road to tuning the properties of gel polymer electrolytes. Ionic liquids as plasticizers constitute a major part of gel polymer electrolytes (average of 70 wt%) and hence, they affect the fundamental properties of gel electrolytes like ionic conductivity and electrochemical window. They also improve the safety features of sodium-ion batteries, which is relevant for their anticipated applications in stationary energy storage and electric vehicles. The presented review paper aims to explain the relationship between the cation and anion in ionic liquid and the properties of gel electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gabryelczyk
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-965, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Swiderska-Mocek
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-965, Poland
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11
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Wang J, Zhu YF, Su Y, Guo JX, Chen S, Liu HK, Dou SX, Chou SL, Xiao Y. Routes to high-performance layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4230-4301. [PMID: 38477330 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00929g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are experiencing a large-scale renaissance to supplement or replace expensive lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and low energy density lead-acid batteries in electrical energy storage systems and other applications. In this case, layered oxide materials have become one of the most popular cathode candidates for SIBs because of their low cost and comparatively facile synthesis method. However, the intrinsic shortcomings of layered oxide cathodes, which severely limit their commercialization process, urgently need to be addressed. In this review, inherent challenges associated with layered oxide cathodes for SIBs, such as their irreversible multiphase transition, poor air stability, and low energy density, are systematically summarized and discussed, together with strategies to overcome these dilemmas through bulk phase modulation, surface/interface modification, functional structure manipulation, and cationic and anionic redox optimization. Emphasis is placed on investigating variations in the chemical composition and structural configuration of layered oxide cathodes and how they affect the electrochemical behavior of the cathodes to illustrate how these issues can be addressed. The summary of failure mechanisms and corresponding modification strategies of layered oxide cathodes presented herein provides a valuable reference for scientific and practical issues related to the development of SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiang Wang
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yan-Fang Zhu
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu Su
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jun-Xu Guo
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shuangqiang Chen
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hua-Kun Liu
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shu-Lei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Zhang R, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Wang X. Y-tube assisted coprecipitation synthesis of iron-based Prussian blue analogues cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12096-12106. [PMID: 38628486 PMCID: PMC11019409 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00762j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Prussian blue analogues possess numerous advantages as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, including high energy density, low cost, sustainability, and straightforward synthesis processes, making them highly promising for practical applications. However, during the synthesis, crystal defects such as vacancies and the incorporation of crystal water can lead to issues such as diminished capacity and suboptimal cycling stability. In the current study, a Y-tube assisted coprecipitation method was used to synthesize iron-based Prussian blue analogues, and the optimized feed flow rate during synthesis contributed to the successful preparation of the material with a formula of Na1.56Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.90□0.10·2.42H2O, representing a low-defect cathode material. This approach cleverly utilizes the Y-tube component to enhance the micro-mixing of materials in the co-precipitation reaction, featuring simplicity, low cost, user-friendly, and the ability to be used in continuous production. Electrochemical performance tests show that the sample retains 69.8% of its capacity after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.5C (1C = 140 mA g-1) and delivers a capacity of 71.9 mA h g-1 at a high rate of 10C. The findings of this research provide important insights for the development of high-performance Prussian blue analogues cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85405235 +86-28-85405235
| | - Yuao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85405235 +86-28-85405235
| | - Hongquan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85405235 +86-28-85405235
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85405235 +86-28-85405235
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85405235 +86-28-85405235
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85405235 +86-28-85405235
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86-28-85405235 +86-28-85405235
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13
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Dagan-Jaldety C, Nativ P, Cristal YS, Lahav O. A Prussian-blue analogue (PBA) ion-chromatography-based technique for selective separation of Rb + (as RbCl) from brines. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120757. [PMID: 37931355 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A new general method is presented for separating pure RbCl(s) from solutions rich in Na+ and K+. The method relies on Rb+ adsorption via ion exchange performed by self-synthesized PES coated Zn-Hexa-Cyanoferrate material. The procedure starts by passing the wastewater through an ion exchange column, which is thereafter regenerated with 1 M NH4Cl. If the Rb+ absorbed on the column does not reach a minimal predetermined value (e.g., 8%, eq-based), the ammonia is removed by sublimation and the remaining salts are passed again through a Na+-preadsorbed column. Once the adsorbed Rb+ is substantial (>8%), a chromatography-based separation between Rb+ and Na+/K+ is performed, using a 2nd column, fully pre-adsorbed with NH4+. First, 0.05M NH4+-solution is used to extract Na+ and K+ out of the first column, along with a small Rb+ mass, which is thereafter partly re-adsorbed on the second column, while Na+/K+ ions are not. Once the exiting eluent solution is devoid of the competing ions, 1M NH4+-solution is used to extract all the remaining Rb+ into the regeneration solution, which is thereafter subjected to water evaporation followed by NH3/HCl sublimation to result in pure RbCl(s) product. We used theoretical simulations corroborated by empirical results to present proof of concept for the suggested approach. A detailed cost analysis (Capex and Opex) reveals that the RbCl(s) production cost does not exceed ∼25% of the current salt price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dagan-Jaldety
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Paz Nativ
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Yarden Shmuel Cristal
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ori Lahav
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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14
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Xu S, Wang C, Song T, Yao H, Yang J, Wang X, Zhu J, Lee C, Zhang Q. A Dithiin-Linked Covalent Organic Polymer for Ultrahigh Capacity Half-Cell and Symmetric Full-Cell Sodium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304497. [PMID: 37749871 PMCID: PMC10646242 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Sodium ion-batteries (SIBs) are considered as a class of promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to overcome their drawbacks of limited sources and safety problems. However, the lack of high-performance electrode materials hinders the wide-range commercialization of SIBs. Comparing to inorganic counterparts, organic electrode materials, which are benefitted from flexibly designable structures, low cost, environmental friendliness, and high theoretical gravimetric capacities, should be a prior choice. Here, a covalent organic polymer (COP) based material (denoted as CityU-9) is designed and synthesized by integrating multiple redox motifs (benzoquinone and thioether), improved conductivity (sulfur induction), and intrinsic insolubility (rigid skeleton). The half-cell SIBs exhibit ultrahigh specific capacity of 1009 mAh g-1 and nearly no capacity drop after 650 cycles. The first all-COP symmetric full-cell shows high specific capacity of 90 mAh g-1 and excellent rate capability. This work can extend the selection of redox-active moieties and provide a rational design strategy of high-performance novel organic electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Song
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Huiying Yao
- School of Chemical EngineeringAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan232001P. R. China
- National Center for NanoscienceTechnology (NCNST)No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiaoBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Center for NanoscienceTechnology (NCNST)No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiaoBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Sing Lee
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)City University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)City University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
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15
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Nguyen TP, Kim IT. Recent Advances in Sodium-Ion Batteries: Cathode Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6869. [PMID: 37959466 PMCID: PMC10650836 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging energy storage systems have received significant attention along with the development of renewable energy, thereby creating a green energy platform for humans. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are commonly used, such as in smartphones, tablets, earphones, and electric vehicles. However, lithium has certain limitations including safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental issues. Sodium is believed to be an ideal replacement for lithium owing to its infinite abundance, safety, low cost, environmental friendliness, and energy storage behavior similar to that of lithium. Inhered in the achievement in the development of LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have rapidly evolved to be commercialized. Among the cathode, anode, and electrolyte, the cathode remains a significant challenge for achieving a stable, high-rate, and high-capacity device. In this review, recent advances in the development and optimization of cathode materials, including inorganic, organometallic, and organic materials, are discussed for SIBs. In addition, the challenges and strategies for enhancing the stability and performance of SIBs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Il Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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16
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Han Q, Hu Y, Gao S, Yang Z, Liu X, Wang C, Han J. Improved Reversible Capacity and Cycling Stability by Linear (N=O) Anions in Fe[Fe(CN) 5 NO] as Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300823. [PMID: 37552229 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their tunable chemistry, open channel structure, and low cost. However, excessive crystal water and volume expansion can negatively impact the lifetime of actual SIBs. In this study, a novel iron nitroprusside: Fe[Fe(CN)5 NO] (PBN) was synthesized to effectively eliminate the detrimental effects of crystal water on the reversible capacity and cycling stability of PBA materials. Experiments and DFT calculations demonstrated that PBN has lower crystal water and volume expansion compared to Fe[Fe(CN)6 ] (PB). Also, the N=O bond in PBN significantly reduces the diffusion potential of Na+ in the skeleton. Without any modification, the cathode material exhibited a capacity of up to 148.6 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 as well as maintained 102.9 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles. This work expands our knowledge of the crystal structure of PBA cathode materials and facilitates the rational design of high-quality PBA cathodes for SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Han
- College of Materials and Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ya'nan Hu
- College of Materials and Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Gao
- College of Materials and Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zonghua Yang
- College of Materials and Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xingjun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Materials Genome & Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- College of Materials and Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Han
- College of Materials and Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Ralls AM, Leong K, Clayton J, Fuelling P, Mercer C, Navarro V, Menezes PL. The Role of Lithium-Ion Batteries in the Growing Trend of Electric Vehicles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6063. [PMID: 37687758 PMCID: PMC10488475 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the automotive field, there has been an increasing amount of global attention toward the usability of combustion-independent electric vehicles (EVs). Once considered an overly ambitious and costly venture, the popularity and practicality of EVs have been gradually increasing due to the usage of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Although the topic of LIBs has been extensively covered, there has not yet been a review that covers the current advancements of LIBs from economic, industrial, and technical perspectives. Specific overviews on aspects such as international policy changes, the implementation of cloud-based systems with deep learning capabilities, and advanced EV-based LIB electrode materials are discussed. Recommendations to address the current challenges in the EV-based LIB market are discussed. Furthermore, suggestions for short-term, medium-term, and long-term goals that the LIB-EV industry should follow are provided to ensure its success in the near future. Based on this literature review, it can be suggested that EV-based LIBs will continue to be a hot topic in the years to come and that there is still a large amount of room for their overall advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pradeep L. Menezes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (A.M.R.); (K.L.)
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Thi Thu Hoa N, Van Ky N, Trung Son L, Tien Dung D, Van Nguyen T, Dinh Lam V, Van Nghia N. Facile synthesis of cobalt-doped sodium lithium manganese oxide with superior rate capability and excellent cycling performance for sodium-ion battery. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Na2Mn(CO3)2: A carbonate based prototype cathode material for Na-ion batteries with high rate capability — an ab-initio study. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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