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Femina C, Sajith PK, Remya K, Thomas R, Solomon RV. Theoretical Insights into the Structural and Optical Properties of D-π-A-based Cyanostilbene Systems of α and β Variants. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22764-22776. [PMID: 38826558 PMCID: PMC11137715 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The π-conjugated organic molecules containing cyanostilbene motifs have been extensively investigated due to their great potential applications in several optoelectronic and biological fields. Developing efficient molecules in this respect requires strategic structural engineering and a deep understanding of the structure-property relationship at the molecular level. In this context, understanding the impact of positional isomerism in cyanostilbene systems is a fundamental aspect of designing desired materials with improved photophysical properties. Herein, we designed ten donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) type cyanostilbene derivatives (P1 - P10) with different π linkers and compared their structural and optoelectronic properties arising from the positional variations of the -CN group (α and β- variations) through the utilization of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods. The topological analyses of the electron density are used to explain the relatively high stability of α isomer compared to that of β. Frontier molecular orbital analysis reveals that 17 molecules tend to show a reduced highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap, and most of them showed a greater nonlinear optical (NLO) character compared to the parent molecule. TDDFT calculations indicate that β isomers show higher absorption maxima compared to their α counterparts. Among all the scrutinized molecules, the absorption maximum extended up to 602 nm for P9 and it possesses the highest first-order hyperpolarizability. This study sheds light on positional isomers and their reactivity, absorption spectra, and NLO properties of D-π-A type architecture that can be suitably tuned by appropriating the π-bridge for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherumannil Femina
- Department
of Chemistry, Farook College (Autonomous),
(Affiliated to the University of Calicut), Kozhikode 673632, Kerala, India
| | - Pookkottu K. Sajith
- Department
of Chemistry, Farook College (Autonomous),
(Affiliated to the University of Calicut), Kozhikode 673632, Kerala, India
| | - Karunakaran Remya
- Government
Women’s Polytechnic College, Kozhikode 673009, Kerala, India
| | - Reji Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, Farook College (Autonomous),
(Affiliated to the University of Calicut), Kozhikode 673632, Kerala, India
| | - Rajadurai Vijay Solomon
- Department
of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous),
(Affiliated to the University of Madras), Chennai 600059, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shafiq I, Khalid M, Maria G, Raza N, Braga AAC, Bullo S, Khairy M. Use of benzothiophene ring to improve the photovoltaic efficacy of cyanopyridinone-based organic chromophores: a DFT study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12841-12852. [PMID: 38645518 PMCID: PMC11027887 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06817j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The benzothiophene based chromophores (A1D1-A1D5) with A-π-A configuration were designed via end-capped tailoring with benzothiophene type acceptors using reference compound (A1R). Quantum chemical calculations were accomplished at M06/6-311G(d,p) level to probe optoelectronic and photophysical properties of designed chromophores. Therefore, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), binding energy (Eb), open circuit voltage (Voc), transition density matrix (TDM), density of state (DOS) and UV-Vis analyses of A1R and A1D1-A1D5 were accomplished. The designed compounds (A1D1-A1D5) exhibited absorption values in the visible region as 616.316-649.676 nm and 639.753-665.508 nm in gas and chloroform phase, respectively, comparing with reference chromophore. An efficient charge transference from HOMO towards LUMO was found in A1D1-A1D5 chromophores which was further supported by TDM and DOS analyses. Among all chromophores, A1D2 exhibited unique characteristics such as reduced band gap (2.354 eV), higher softness (σ = 0.424 eV), lower exciton binding energy (0.491 eV) and maximum value of open circuit voltage (Voc = 1.981 V). Consequently, A1D2 may be considered as potential candidate for the development of optoelectronic devices. These analyses revealed that the studied compounds exhibited promising findings. They may be utilized in the realm of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Gul Maria
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Raza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Qu'ımica Fundamental, Instituto de Qu'ımica, Universidade de Saõ Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 Sao Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Saifullah Bullo
- Department of Human and Rehabilitation Sciences, Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University Sukkur Sindh Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Khairy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University Egypt
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Rasool F, Wu G, Shafiq I, Kousar S, Abid S, Alhokbany N, Chen K. Heterocyclic Donor Moiety Effect on Optical Nonlinearity Behavior of Chrysene-Based Chromophores with Push-Pull Configuration via the Quantum Chemical Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3596-3608. [PMID: 38284097 PMCID: PMC10809687 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Organic-based nonlinear optical (NLO) materials may be used in many optical-electronic systems and other next-generation defense technologies. With the importance of NLO materials, a series of push-pull architecture (D-π-A) derivatives (DTMD2-DTMD6) were devised from DTMR1 through structural alteration of different efficient donor heterocyclic groups. Density functional theory-based computations were executed at the MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level to explore the NLO behavior of the derivatives. To investigate the optoelectronic behavior of the said compounds, various analyses like the frontier molecular orbital (FMO), global reactivity parameters, density of state (DOS), absorption spectra (UV-vis), natural bond orbital, and transition density matrix (TDM) were performed. The derivatives have a smaller band gap (2.156-1.492 eV) and a larger bathochromic shift (λmax = 692.838-969.605 nm) as compared to the reference chromophore (ΔE = 2.306 eV and λmax = 677.949 nm). FMO analysis revealed substantial charge conduction out of the donor toward the acceptor via a spacer that was also shown by TDM and DOS analyses. All derivatives showed promising NLO results, with the maximum amplitude of linear polarizability ⟨α⟩ and first (βtotal) and second (γtotal) hyperpolarizabilities over their reference chromophore. DTMD2 contained the highest βtotal (7.220 × 10-27 esu) and γtotal (1.720 × 10-31 esu) values corresponding with the reduced band gap (1.492 eV), representing potential futures for a large NLO amplitude. This structural modification through the use of various donors has played a significant part in achieving promising NLO behavior in the modified compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Rasool
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry,Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Kousar
- Institute of Chemistry,Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Saba Abid
- Institute of Chemistry,Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Norah Alhokbany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Mustafa G, Shafiq I, Shaikh QUA, Mustafa A, Zahid R, Rasool F, Asghar MA, Baby R, Alshehri SM, Haroon M. Quantum Chemical Exploration of A-π 1-D 1-π 2-D 2-Type Compounds for the Exploration of Chemical Reactivity, Optoelectronic, and Third-order Nonlinear Optical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22673-22683. [PMID: 37396273 PMCID: PMC10308399 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic compounds exhibit significant nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and can be utilized in various areas like optical parameters, fiber optics, and optical communication. Herein, a series of chromophores (DBTD1-DBTD6) with an A-π1-D1-π2-D2 framework was derived from a prepared compound (DBTR) by varying the structure of π-spacer and terminal acceptor. The DBTR and its investigated compounds were optimized at the M06/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, global reactivity parameters (GRPs), natural bonding orbital (NBO), transition density matrix (TDM), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and natural population analysis (NPA) were accomplished at the abovementioned level to describe the NLO findings. DBTD6 has the lowermost band gap (2.131 eV) among all of the derived compounds. The decreasing order of highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gap values was DBTR > DBTD1 > DBTD2 > DBTD3 > DBTD4 > DBTD5 > DBTD6. The NBO analysis was carried out to describe noncovalent interactions such as conjugative interactions and electron delocalization. From all of the examined substances, DBTD5 showed the highest λmax value at 593.425 nm (in the gaseous phase) and 630.578 nm (in chloroform solvent). Moreover, the βtot and ⟨γ⟩ amplitudes of DBTD5 were noticed to be relatively greater at 1.140 × 10-27 and 1.331 × 10-32 esu, respectively. So, these outcomes disclosed that DBTD5 depicted the highest linear and nonlinear properties in comparison to the other designed compounds, which underlines that it could make a significant contribution to hi-tech NLO devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Qurat-ul-ain Shaikh
- Institute
of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University
Khairpur, Khairpur 66111, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Mustafa
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Romaisa Zahid
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Rasool
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Asghar
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Baby
- Department
of education, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E. High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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Yadav S, Bhunia S, Kumar R, Seth R, Singh A. Designing Excess Electron Compounds by Substituting Alkali Metals to a Small and Versatile Tetracyclic Framework: A Theoretical Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7978-7988. [PMID: 36872966 PMCID: PMC9979228 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic compound-based nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have sparked a lot of attention due to their multitude of applications and shorter optical response times than those of inorganic NLO materials. In the present investigation, we designed exo-exo-tetracyclo[6.2.1.13,6.02,7]dodecane (TCD) derivatives, which were obtained by replacing H atoms of methylene bridge carbon with alkali metals (Li, Na, and K). It was observed that upon the substitution of alkali metals at bridging CH2 carbon, absorption within the visible region occurred. Moving from 1 to 7 derivatives, the maximum absorption wavelength of the complexes exhibited a red shift. The designed molecules showed a high degree of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and excess electrons in nature, which were responsible for rapid optical response time and significant large molecular (hyper)polarizability. Calculated trends also inferred that the crucial transition energy decreased in order that also played a key role in the higher nonlinear optical response. Furthermore, to examine the effect of the structure/property relationship on the nonlinear optical properties of these investigated compounds (1-7), we calculated the density of state (DOS), transition density matrix (TDM), and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs). The largest first static hyperpolarizability (βtot) of TCD derivative 7 was 72059 au, which was 43 times greater than that of the prototype p-nitroaniline (βtot = 1675 au).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh
Kumar Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical
Sciences for Study and Research, V.B.S.
Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222003, India
| | - Snehasis Bhunia
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical
Sciences for Study and Research, V.B.S.
Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222003, India
| | - Ritu Seth
- Department
of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical
Sciences for Study and Research, V.B.S.
Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222003, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical
Sciences for Study and Research, V.B.S.
Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222003, India
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Alarfaji SS, Rasool F, Iqbal B, Hussain A, Hussain R, Akhlaq M, Rehman MF. In Silico Designing of Thieno[2,3- b]thiophene Core-Based Highly Conjugated, Fused-Ring, Near-Infrared Sensitive Non-fullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4767-4781. [PMID: 36777570 PMCID: PMC9910071 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) has been improving steadily over the last few years, owing to the optimization of device fabrication, fine-tuning of morphology, and thin-film processing. Thiophene core containing fused ring-type non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) achieved significant proficiency for highly efficient OSCs. Quantum chemical computations are utilized herein with the motive of suggesting new NIR sensitive, highly efficient low-band gap materials for OSCs. A series of extended conjugated A-π-D-π-A architectured novel fused-ring NFAs (FUIC-1-FUIC-6) containing thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-based donor core are proposed by substituting the end-capped units of synthesized molecule F10IC. Different properties including frontier molecular orbital analysis, density of states analysis, transition density matrix analysis, excitation energy, reorganizational energies of both holes (λh) and electrons (λe), and open-circuit voltage (V oc) were performed employing the density functional theory approach. Charge transfer analysis of the best-designed molecule with the donor complex was analyzed to comprehend the efficiency of novel constructed molecules (FUIC-1-FUIC-6) and compared with the reference. End-caped acceptor alteration induces the reduction of the energy gap between HOMO-LUMO (1.88 eV), tunes the energy levels, longer absorption in the visible and near-infrared regions, larger V oc, smaller reorganizational energies, and binding energy values in designed structures (FUIC-1-FUIC-6) in comparison to reference (FUIC). The designed molecules show the best agreement with the PTBT-T donor polymer blend and cause the highest charge from the HOMO to the LUMO orbital. Our findings predicted that thieno[2,3-b] thiophene-based newly designed molecules would be efficient NFAs with outstanding photovoltaic characteristics and can be used in future applications of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh S. Alarfaji
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiz Rasool
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan60800, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Iqbal
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan64200, Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan60800, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Dera Ghazi Khan54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhlaq
- Faculty of
Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan29050, Pakistan
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Dowarah J, Hazarika B, Sran BS, Khiangte D, Singh VP. Design, synthesis, structural investigation and binding study of 2-pyridone-based pharmaceutical precursor with DNA. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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