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Majeed H, Iftikhar T, Mukhtar U. Novel approach to water-efficient bulk industrial textile printing production of cotton fabric. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130064. [PMID: 38340937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Water scarcity poses a global threat in climate change era, and regrettably, the textile processing industry is squandering a significant volume of water during bulk production. This research focused on a sustainable water-saving approach in the printing of cotton fabric by modifying the reactive printing recipe and methodology. Three modified recipes (X, Y, Z) and one controlled recipe (C) were tested using reactive dyes. The conventional reactive printing recipe (Control) includes sodium alginate, urea, mild oxidizing agent, and sodium bicarbonate. In contrast, the modified recipe trials incorporated an acrylic-based synthetic thickener in the replacement of sodium alginate (alone and in combination with sodium alginate). A total of four recipes (one controlled conventional and three modified recipes) were examined using three reactive dyes at two dose levels (2 % and 4 %). Various characterization techniques, including shade variation, color penetration into the fabric, sharpness of the edges, color tinting on the adjacent white fabric, perspiration fastness (both acidic and alkaline), washing fastness, rubbing fastness, and fabric hardness, affirmed that Y recipe yielded the best results in fabric testing, cost reduction, and water conservation. This research represents a pioneering contribution to the printing industry with novel recipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT) Lahore, Sialkot Campus, 51310, Pakistan.
| | - Tehreema Iftikhar
- Applied Botany Lab, Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Umair Mukhtar
- Knowledge Unit of Design and Textiles, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Sialkot Campus, 51310, Pakistan
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Lee I, Kim J, Yun S, Jang J, Cho SY, Cho JS, Ryu JH, Choi D, Cho C. Synergistic Combination of Dual Clays in Multilayered Nanocomposites for Enhanced Flame Retardant Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6606-6615. [PMID: 38371790 PMCID: PMC10870267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to reduce the flammability of synthetic polymeric materials such as cotton fabrics and polyurethane foam (PUF), hybrid nanocoatings are prepared by layer-by-layer assembly. Multilayered nanocomposites of a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), are paired with two kinds of clay nanoplatelets, montmorillonite (MMT) and vermiculite (VMT). The physical properties such as thickness and mass and thermal behaviors in clay-based nanocoatings with and without incorporation of tris buffer are compared to assess the effectiveness of amine salts on flame retardant (FR) performances. A PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT system, in which tris buffer is introduced into the cationic PDDA aqueous solution, produces a thicker and heavier coating. Three different systems, including PDDA/MMT, PDDA/VMT-MMT, and PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT, result in conformal coating, retaining the weave structure of the fabrics after being exposed to a vertical and horizontal flame test, while the uncoated sample is completely burned out. The synergistic effects of dual clay-based hybrid nanocoatings are greatly improved by adding amine salts. Cone calorimetry reveals that the PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT-coated PUF eliminates a second peak heat release rate and significantly reduces other FR performances, compared to those obtained from the clay-based multilayer films with no amine salts added. Ten bilayers of PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT (≈250 nm thick) maintain the shape of foam after exposure to a butane torch flame for 12 s. As for practical use of these nanocomposites in real fire disasters, spray-assisted PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT multilayers on woods exhibit high resistance over flammability. Improved fire resistance in PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT is believed to be due to the enhanced char yield through the addition of tris buffer that promotes the deposition of more clay particles while retaining a highly ordered deposition of a densely packed nanobrick wall structure. This work demonstrates the ability to impart significant fire resistance to synthetic polymer materials in a fully renewable nanocoating that uses environmentally benign chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Lee
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Kim
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Yun
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Wearable
Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Youn Cho
- Carbon
Composite Materials Research Center, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sang Cho
- Department
of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National
University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Ryu
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhi Choi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic
of Korea
| | - Chungyeon Cho
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Du L, Wang S, Zhu P, Jiang Z. Eco-friendly phosphorus-free flame-retardant coating for microfiber synthetic leather via alginate-based layer-by-layer technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129007. [PMID: 38151082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The excellent comprehensive properties of microfiber synthetic leathers have led to their wide application in various aspects of our lives. However, the issue of flammability remains a significant challenge that needs to be addressed. Nowadays, the bio-based chemicals used in the flame-retardant materials have extremely grabbed our eyes. Herein, we developed an ecologically friendly flame-retardant microfiber synthetic leather using phosphorus-free layer-by-layer assembly technology (LBL) based on natural polysaccharide alginate (SA) coupled with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The effect of different LBL coating systems on the flame retardancy of microfiber synthetic leather was investigated. The results demonstrated that the introduction of APTES can completely inhibit the melt-dripping by enhancing char formation through silica elements. Furthermore, the trinary coating system consisting of SA/APTES/PEI exhibited excellent flame retardancy by combining gas-phase action from PEI and condensed-phase function from APTES. This modified microfiber synthetic leather showed a significantly higher limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33.0 % with no molten droplet. Additionally, the SA-based coating slightly suppressed the heat release, resulting in a 20 % reduction in total heat release during the combustion test. Overall, this work presents a facile and environmentally-friendly approach for achieving flame-retardant and anti-dripping microfiber synthetic leather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Kundu CK, Song L, Hu Y. Micro crystalline cellulose aided surface modification and deposition of green polyelectrolytes for the improved hydrophilicity and flame retardancy of polyamide 66 fabric. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127610. [PMID: 38287579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In this work, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) treated polyamide 66 (PA66) textiles were coated with green and naturally abundant polysaccharides specifically, chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) together with phytic acid (PA) via layer by layer (LbL) deposition. The prime focus of such treatment was to intensify both the hydrophilic and flame retardant properties of PA66 fabric substrates. Subsequently, the prepared coatings were further subjected to cross-linking modification by dipping them into the barium (Ba) salt solution. Obtained results indicated that the MCC-modified PA66 exhibited a water contact angle (WCA) value of 00 and revealed a drop in peak heat release rate (pHRR) up to 31 % with complete suppression of melt-dripping. Meanwhile, the Ba-ion-induced cross-linking treatment further escalated this reduction up to 36 % by adding enhanced thermal stability, improved char quality along better wash durability of as prepared coatings. In addition, the combined modification of PA66 textiles with MCC and Ba-ion handed a superb enhancement of physical properties like tensile strength by ca. 50 % compared to the pure PA66. Thus, this MCC-assisted surface modification paves the way for a new kind of greener treatment of PA66 textiles in attaining superior hydrophilic and flame retardant properties of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Kumar Kundu
- Department of Textile Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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Zaidi SFA, Saeed A, Ho VC, Heo JH, Cho HH, Sarwar N, Lee NE, Mun J, Lee JH. Chitosan-reinforced gelatin composite hydrogel as a tough, anti-freezing, and flame-retardant gel polymer electrolyte for flexible supercapacitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123725. [PMID: 36822151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based electrolytes for flexible solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs) have received significant attention due to their mechanical robustness and stable electrochemical performance over a wide temperature range. However, achieving flame retardancy in such SSCs at subzero temperatures to increase their practical utility remains challenging. Furthermore, there is a need for sustainable and bio-friendly SSCs that use natural polymer-based hydrogel electrolytes. This study reports a novel approach for developing a chitosan-reinforced anti-freezing ionic conductive gelatin hydrogel to meet these demands. Immersion of chitosan-containing gelatin hydrogels in salt solutions caused chitosan precipitation, resulting in composite hydrogels. The precipitated chitosan contributes to the reinforcement of the gelatin hydrogel network, resulting in a high mechanical toughness of up to 3.81 MJ/m3, a fracture energy of 26 kJ/m2, anti-freezing properties (below -30 °C), and excellent flame retardancy without softening. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, with an ionic conductivity ranging from 72 mS/cm at room temperature (26 °C) to 39 mS/cm at -30 °C. The proposed hydrogel exhibits potential for use in SSC as a gel polymer electrolyte. This study demonstrates a novel strategy for controlling the mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical characteristics of flexible supercapacitors using biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Farrukh Alam Zaidi
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 39161, Pakistan
| | - Aiman Saeed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Chuong Ho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Heo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Hun Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nasir Sarwar
- Department of Textile Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Faisalabad Campus, Lahore 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Mun
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Core Research Institute, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Rahman MZ, Wang X, Song L, Hu Y. A novel green phosphorus-containing flame retardant finishing on polysaccharide-modified polyamide 66 fabric for improving hydrophilicity and durability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124252. [PMID: 36996951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Rising concerns about the toxic effects and environmental issues associated with various fireproof treatments on textiles have led to a demand for "green" materials. Chitosan (CS) is an amino polysaccharide green, recyclable, and non-toxic highly biocompatible biopolymer that consists of multiple hydroxyl groups and has a wide range of applications, including as a flame retardant additive. In this study, an eco-friendly bio-based formaldehyde-free flame retardant containing a higher level of phosphorus and nitrogen in phytic acid ammonia (PAA) was synthesized to amplify the most plentiful green chitosan (CS)-modified polyamide 66 (PA66) fabric surface through a simple pad-dry-cure technique for the improvement of durable flame retardancy with hydrophilicity. The findings revealed that each UV-grafted CS fabric could entirely stop the melt-dripping tendency during the vertical burning (UL-94) test and reached a V-1 rating. Meanwhile, limiting oxygen index (LOI) testing showed a rapid increase from 18.5 % to 24 % for the PA66 control and the PAA-treated (i.e., PA66-g-5CS-PAA) fabric samples, respectively. Moreover, compared to the PA66 control sample, a dramatic decrease in the peak heat release rate (PHRR), fire growth rate (FGR), and total heat release (THR) by approximately over 52 %, 0.63 %, and 19.7 %, respectively, was observed for the PA66-g-5CS-PAA fabric sample. Additionally, this arrangement of PAA catalyzed the charring of grafted CS and acted as a condensed phase flame retardant, resulting in a significant improvement in char yield% in both air and N2 atmospheres for the PA66-g-5CS-PAA fabric sample in TGA. In addition, only the lower grafting ratio of CS with PAA-treated fabric sample (i.e., PA66-g-2CS-PAA) could encourage it to gain its lowest water contact angle of 00, as well as impersonating a positive effect in improving the flame retardant coating durability in washing and sustaining even after 10 home laundering cycles. This phenomenon suggests that an actual hydrophilic and durable flame retardant finishing procedure for polyamide 66 fabrics might be applied with the novel, plentiful, sustainable, and environmentally friendly bio-based green PAA ingredient.
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