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Kaidar B, Imash A, Smagulova G, Keneshbekova A, Kazhdanbekov R, Yensep E, Akalim D, Lesbayev A. Magnetite-Incorporated 1D Carbon Nanostructure Hybrids for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1291. [PMID: 39120396 PMCID: PMC11314439 DOI: 10.3390/nano14151291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The increasing reliance on electronic technologies has elevated the urgency of effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. This review explores the development and potential of magnetite-incorporated one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanostructure hybrids, focusing on their unique properties and synthesis methods. By combining magnetite's magnetic properties with the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers (CFs), these hybrids offer superior EMI shielding performance. Various synthesis techniques, including solvothermal synthesis, in situ growth, and electrostatic self-assembly, are discussed in detail, highlighting their impact on the structure and properties of the resulting composites. This review also addresses the challenges in achieving homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers and the environmental and economic considerations of large-scale production. The hybrid materials' multifunctionality, including enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and environmental resistance, underscores their suitability for advanced applications in aerospace, electronics, and environmental protection. Future research directions focus on optimizing synthesis processes and exploring new hybrid configurations to further improve electromagnetic properties and practical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Kaidar
- Department of “General Physics”, Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (B.K.); (A.I.); (R.K.); (E.Y.); (D.A.); (A.L.)
- Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbay Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Aigerim Imash
- Department of “General Physics”, Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (B.K.); (A.I.); (R.K.); (E.Y.); (D.A.); (A.L.)
- Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbay Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Smagulova
- Department of “General Physics”, Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (B.K.); (A.I.); (R.K.); (E.Y.); (D.A.); (A.L.)
- Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbay Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Aruzhan Keneshbekova
- Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbay Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Ramazan Kazhdanbekov
- Department of “General Physics”, Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (B.K.); (A.I.); (R.K.); (E.Y.); (D.A.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Eleonora Yensep
- Department of “General Physics”, Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (B.K.); (A.I.); (R.K.); (E.Y.); (D.A.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Doszhan Akalim
- Department of “General Physics”, Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (B.K.); (A.I.); (R.K.); (E.Y.); (D.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Aidos Lesbayev
- Department of “General Physics”, Intistute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named after A. Burkitbayev, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (B.K.); (A.I.); (R.K.); (E.Y.); (D.A.); (A.L.)
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2
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Velayudhan P, M S K, Kalarikkal N, Thomas S. Exploring the Potential of Sustainable Biopolymers as a Shield against Electromagnetic Radiations. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3568-3586. [PMID: 38768373 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials is shifting the focus from traditional polymer composites to biocomposites in various applications, especially in electromagnetic shielding. Effective utilization of biopolymers demands improved properties and can be achieved to a certain extent by functionalization. Biopolymers such as cellulose, polylactic acid, and starch are some of the potential candidates for mitigating electromagnetic pollution in next-generation electronic devices because of their high aspect ratio, flexibility, light weight, high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and tunable microwave absorption to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites. This Review provides an overview of the current advancements in EMI shielding materials and outlines recent research on EMI shielding composites that utilize various biodegradable polymer structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravitha Velayudhan
- Department of Physics, St. Teresa's College, Ernakulam, Kerala 682011, India
| | - Kala M S
- Department of Physics, St. Teresa's College, Ernakulam, Kerala 682011, India
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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Isari AA, Ghaffarkhah A, Hashemi SA, Wuttke S, Arjmand M. Structural Design for EMI Shielding: From Underlying Mechanisms to Common Pitfalls. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310683. [PMID: 38467559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Modern human civilization deeply relies on the rapid advancement of cutting-edge electronic systems that have revolutionized communication, education, aviation, and entertainment. However, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by digital systems poses a significant threat to the society, potentially leading to a future crisis. While numerous efforts are made to develop nanotechnological shielding systems to mitigate the detrimental effects of EMI, there is limited focus on creating absorption-dominant shielding solutions. Achieving absorption-dominant EMI shields requires careful structural design engineering, starting from the smallest components and considering the most effective electromagnetic wave attenuating factors. This review offers a comprehensive overview of shielding structures, emphasizing the critical elements of absorption-dominant shielding design, shielding mechanisms, limitations of both traditional and nanotechnological EMI shields, and common misconceptions about the foundational principles of EMI shielding science. This systematic review serves as a scientific guide for designing shielding structures that prioritize absorption, highlighting an often-overlooked aspect of shielding science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Isari
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor UPV/EHU Science Park Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Kwon H, Yang Y, Kim G, Gim D, Ha M. Anisotropy in magnetic materials for sensors and actuators in soft robotic systems. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6778-6819. [PMID: 38502047 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05737b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The field of soft intelligent robots has rapidly developed, revealing extensive potential of these robots for real-world applications. By mimicking the dexterities of organisms, robots can handle delicate objects, access remote areas, and provide valuable feedback on their interactions with different environments. For autonomous manipulation of soft robots, which exhibit nonlinear behaviors and infinite degrees of freedom in transformation, innovative control systems integrating flexible and highly compliant sensors should be developed. Accordingly, sensor-actuator feedback systems are a key strategy for precisely controlling robotic motions. The introduction of material magnetism into soft robotics offers significant advantages in the remote manipulation of robotic operations, including touch or touchless detection of dynamically changing shapes and positions resulting from the actuations of robots. Notably, the anisotropies in the magnetic nanomaterials facilitate the perception and response with highly selective, directional, and efficient ways used for both sensors and actuators. Accordingly, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the origins of magnetic anisotropy from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and summarizes diverse magnetic materials with enhanced anisotropy. Recent developments in the design of flexible sensors and soft actuators based on the principle of magnetic anisotropy are outlined, specifically focusing on their applicabilities in soft robotic systems. Finally, this review addresses current challenges in the integration of sensors and actuators into soft robots and offers promising solutions that will enable the advancement of intelligent soft robots capable of efficiently executing complex tasks relevant to our daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeokju Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonhee Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geonsu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongyeong Gim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minjeong Ha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Yadav RS, Kuřitka I. Recent advances on outstanding microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding nanocomposites of ZnO semiconductor. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 326:103137. [PMID: 38555833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave attenuation capabilities of ZnO semiconductor nanocomposites have recently been improved using a variety of approaches by correctly modifying their permittivity. To improve microwave attenuation, ZnO semiconductor nanostructures have been combined with graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles and their alloys, two-dimensional MXene, spinel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles, polymer systems, and textiles. This paper covers the opportunities and constraints that these cutting-edge nanocomposites in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption encounter as well as the research progress of ZnO semiconductor-based nanocomposite. The structure-function relationship of electromagnetic wave absorption nanocomposites, design strategies, synthesis techniques, and various types of advanced nanocomposites based on ZnO semiconductor are also covered. In order to design and prepare high efficiency ZnO semiconductor based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials for use in applications of next-generation electronics and aerospace, this article can offer some useful ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Singh Yadav
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivo Kuřitka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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Mehmood Z, Shah SAA, Omer S, Idrees R, Saeed S. Scalable synthesis of high-quality, reduced graphene oxide with a large C/O ratio and its dispersion in a chemically modified polyimide matrix for electromagnetic interference shielding applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7641-7654. [PMID: 38440276 PMCID: PMC10910857 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
High-purity reduced graphene oxide (RGO or rGO) with appreciable conductivity is a desired conductive filler for lightweight polymer composites used in coatings, electronics, catalysts, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and energy storage devices. However, the intrinsic conductivity and the uniform dispersion of RGO in relatively polar matrices are challenging, leading to poor overall conductivity and performance of the composite material. The reported study improved the RGO intrinsic conductivity by increasing its C/O ratio while also simultaneously enhancing its compatibility with the polyimide (PI) matrix through ester linkages for better dispersion. A two-step reduction method drastically increased the number of structural defects and carbon content in the resulting RGO, corresponding to a maximum ID/IG and C/O of 1.54 and ∼87, respectively. Moreover, the 2D nanosheets with limited hydroxyl (-OH) groups effectively interacted with anhydride-terminated polyamic acid (AT-PAA) through chemical linkages to make high-performance RGO/PI nanocomposites. Consequently, the polymer matrix composites possessed the highest direct current conductivity of 15.27 ± 0.61 S cm-1 for 20 wt% of the prepared RGO. Additionally, the composite material was highly stiff (3.945 GPa) yet flexible (easily bent through 180°), lightweight (∼0.34 g cm-3), and capable of forming thin films (162 ± 15 μm). Unlike most polymer matrix composites, it showcased one of its class's highest thermal stabilities (a weight loss of only 5% at 638 °C). Ultimately, the composite performed as an effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material in the X-Band (8 to 12 GHz), demonstrating outstanding shielding effectiveness (SE), shielding effectiveness per unit thickness (SEt), specific shielding effectiveness (SSE), and absolute shielding effectiveness (SSEt) of 46 dB, 2778 dB cm-2, 138 dB cm3 g-1, and 8358 dB cm2 g-1, respectively. As a consequence of this research, the high-purity RGO and its high-performance PI matrix nanocomposites are anticipated to find practical applications in conductive coatings and flexible substrates demanding high-temperature stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad-45650 Pakistan
| | - Syed Aizaz Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad-45650 Pakistan
| | - Saeed Omer
- Department of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad-45650 Pakistan
| | - Ramsha Idrees
- Department of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad-45650 Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad-45650 Pakistan
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7
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Ghafoor W, Ahmad M, Raffi M, Awan SU. Role of Electrical Conductivity in the Shielding Effectiveness of Composite Polyvinyl Alcohol/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanofibers for Electromagnetic Interference Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3070-3077. [PMID: 38284049 PMCID: PMC10809661 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The shielding effectiveness (SE) against the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of polyvinyl alcohol/multiwall carbon nanotubes (PVA/MWCNTs) composite nanofibers is characteristic of higher absorptivity of the radiation that enhances with the increasing concentration of MWCNTs content in these composites. However, by enriching the content of conductive fillers (MWCNTs), the conductivity of the composites is also stirred up. Concomitantly, the conductivity of these composites contributes toward the reflectivity of the EM radiation from them. Certain applications of the EMI shielding material require a lower level of reflectivity of the EM radiation. This study intends to see how SE of the PVA/MWCNTs composite nanofibers is affected vis-a-vis their conductivity for S-band radiation. Samples of nanofibers, with (5, 10, 15, and 20) wt % of MWCNTs loading in 10 wt % of PVA solution, were prepared through electrospinning and studied for their electrical conductivity and EMI SE. It is observed that by increasing the content of MWCNTs in PVA solution from 5 to 20 wt % the conductivity of the composites tends to increase from 21 to 866 times that of PVA, while the SE increases from 10 db to 25 db over the S-band range of frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ghafoor
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, NUST College of Electrical and Mechanical
Engineering, National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 4400, Pakistan
| | - Mashhood Ahmad
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, NUST College of Electrical and Mechanical
Engineering, National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 4400, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raffi
- Department
of Material Sciences, National Institute
of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), P.O. Box Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah Awan
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, NUST College of Electrical and Mechanical
Engineering, National University of Sciences
and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 4400, Pakistan
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Antunes M. Recent Trends in Polymeric Foams and Porous Structures for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:195. [PMID: 38256994 PMCID: PMC10820298 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based (nano)composite foams containing conductive (nano)fillers limit electromagnetic interference (EMI) pollution, and have been shown to act as good shielding materials in electronic devices. However, due to their high (micro)structural complexity, there is still a great deal to learn about the shielding mechanisms in these materials; understanding this is necessary to study the relationship between the properties of the microstructure and the porous structure, especially their EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE). Targeting and controlling the electrical conductivity through a controlled distribution of conductive nanofillers are two of the main objectives when combining foaming with the addition of nanofillers; to achieve this, both single or combined nanofillers (nanohybrids) are used (as there is a direct relationship between electrical conductivity and EMI SE), as are the main shielding mechanisms working on the foams (which are expected to be absorption-dominated). The present review considers the most significant developments over the last three years concerning polymer-based foams containing conductive nanofillers, especially carbon-based nanofillers, as well as other porous structures created using new technologies such as 3D printing for EMI shielding applications. It starts by detailing the microcellular foaming strategy, which develops polymer foams with enhanced EMI shielding, and it particularly focuses on technologies using supercritical CO2 (sCO2). It also notes the use of polymer foams as templates to prepare carbon foams with high EMI shielding performances for high temperature applications, as well as a recent strategy which combines different functional (nano)fillers to create nanohybrids. This review also explains the control and selective distribution of the nanofillers, which favor an effective conductive network formation, which thus promotes the enhancement of the EMI SE. The recent use of computational approaches to tailor the EMI shielding properties are given, as are new possibilities for creating components with varied porous structures using the abovementioned materials and 3D printing. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Antunes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Poly2 Group, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC BarcelonaTech), ESEIAAT, C/Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Tan L, Li Y, Qin L, Li S. Review of Polymer-Based Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding Application. Molecules 2023; 28:5628. [PMID: 37570598 PMCID: PMC10420247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of electronic communication technology has greatly aided human productivity and quality of life, but it has also resulted in significant electromagnetic pollution issues. Traditional metals and alloys are often used for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their excellent electrical conductivity. However, they have drawbacks such as being heavy, expensive, and having low corrosion resistance, which limits their application in electromagnetic shielding. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel EMI shielding materials. Polymers, being highly flexible, corrosion-resistant, and possessing high specific strength, are frequently employed in electromagnetic shielding materials. In this review, we firstly introduce the basic theory of electromagnetic shielding. Then, we outline the processing methods and recent developments of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding composites, including uniform-, foam-, layered-, and segregated structures. Lastly, we present the challenges and prospects for the field, aiming to provide direction and inspiration for the study of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Linli Tan
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yingru Li
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Liu Qin
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Ningbo GMF New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Cixi 315300, China
| | - Shidong Li
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Super-Light Elastomer Materials of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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Curing, Properties and EMI Absorption Shielding of Rubber Composites Based on Ferrites and Carbon Fibres. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040857. [PMID: 36850141 PMCID: PMC9959415 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, magnetic soft ferrites, namely manganese-zinc ferrite, nickel-zinc ferrite and combinations of both fillers, were incorporated into acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber to fabricate composite materials. The total content of ferrites was kept constant-300 phr. The second series of composites was fabricated with a similar composition. Moreover, carbon fibres were incorporated into rubber compounds in constant amount-25 phr. The work was focused on investigation of the fillers on absorption shieling performance of the composites, which was investigated within the frequency range 1-6 GHz. Then, the physical-mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. The achieved results demonstrated that the absorption shielding efficiency of both composite types increased with increasing proportion of nickel-zinc ferrite, which suggests that nickel-zinc ferrite demonstrated better absorption shielding potential. Higher electrical conductivity and higher permittivity of composites filled with carbon fibres and ferrites resulted in their lower absorption shielding performance. Simultaneously, they absorbed electromagnetic radiation at lower frequencies. On the other hand, carbon fibres reinforced the rubber matrix, and subsequent improvement in physical-mechanical properties was recorded.
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Serrano-Garcia W, Bonadies I, Thomas SW, Guarino V. New Insights to Design Electrospun Fibers with Tunable Electrical Conductive-Semiconductive Properties. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23031606. [PMID: 36772646 PMCID: PMC9919353 DOI: 10.3390/s23031606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fiber electronics, such as those produced by the electrospinning technique, have an extensive range of applications including electrode surfaces for batteries and sensors, energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, antistatic coatings, catalysts, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and smart textiles. New composite materials and blends from conductive-semiconductive polymers (C-SPs) offer high surface area-to-volume ratios with electrical tunability, making them suitable for use in fields including electronics, biofiltration, tissue engineering, biosensors, and "green polymers". These materials and structures show great potential for embedded-electronics tissue engineering, active drug delivery, and smart biosensing due to their electronic transport behavior and mechanical flexibility with effective biocompatibility. Doping, processing methods, and morphologies can significantly impact the properties and performance of C-SPs and their composites. This review provides an overview of the current literature on the processing of C-SPs as nanomaterials and nanofibrous structures, mainly emphasizing the electroactive properties that make these structures suitable for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Serrano-Garcia
- Advanced Materials Bio & Integration Research (AMBIR) Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence: (W.S.-G.); or (V.G.); Tel.: +39-081-242-5944 (V.G.)
| | - Irene Bonadies
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sylvia W. Thomas
- Advanced Materials Bio & Integration Research (AMBIR) Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad.20, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (W.S.-G.); or (V.G.); Tel.: +39-081-242-5944 (V.G.)
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12
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Lin CL, Li JW, Chen YF, Chen JX, Cheng CC, Chiu CW. Graphene Nanoplatelet/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Polypyrrole Hybrid Fillers in Polyurethane Nanohybrids with 3D Conductive Networks for EMI Shielding. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45697-45707. [PMID: 36530238 PMCID: PMC9753105 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the preparation of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polypyrrole (PPy) hybrid fillers via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization with the addition of a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. These hybrid fillers were incorporated into polyurethane (PU) to prepare GNP/MWCNT/PPy/PU nanohybrids. The electrical conductivity of the nanohybrids was synergistically enhanced by the high conductivity of the hybrid fillers. Furthermore, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) was greatly increased by interfacial polarization between the GNPs, MWCNTs, PPy, and PU. The optimal formulation for the preparation of GNP/MWCNT/PPy three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures was determined by optimization experiments. Using this formulation, we successfully prepared GNP/PPy nanolayers (two-dimensional) that are extensively covered by MWCNT/PPy nanowires (one-dimensional), which interconnect to form GNP/MWCNT/PPy 3D nanostructures. When incorporated into a PU matrix to form a nanohybrid, these 3D nanostructures form a continuous network of conductive GNP-PPy-CNT-PPy-GNP paths. The EMI SE of the nanohybrid is 35-40 dB at 30-1800 MHz, which is sufficient to shield over 99.9% of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, this EMI shielding material has excellent prospects for commercial use. In summary, a nanohybrid with excellent EMI SE performance was prepared using a facile and scalable method and was shown to have great commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lung Lin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wun Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Feng Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Xun Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate
Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chiu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
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