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Kejžar J, Mrak P, Osojnik Črnivec IG, Poklar Ulrih N. Influence of archaeal lipids isolated from Aeropyrum pernix K1 on physicochemical properties of sphingomyelin-cholesterol liposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184374. [PMID: 39053569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of archaeal lipids (C25,25) isolated from thermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 on physicochemical properties of liposomes comprised of egg sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (CH) using fluorescence emission anisotropy, calcein release studies, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and phase analysis light scattering. The 2 mol% addition of archaeal lipids enabled formation of small unilamellar vesicles by sonication while also having significant effect on reducing mean size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of C25,25/SM/CH vesicles. Increasing the ratio of C25,25 lipids in mixture of C25,25/SM/CH decreased lipid ordering parameter in dose dependent manner at different temperatures. We also demonstrated that adding 15 mol% C25,25 to SM/CH mixture will cause it to notably interact with fetal bovine serum which could make them a viable alternative adjuvant to synthetic ether-linked lipids in development of advanced liposomal vaccine delivery systems. The prospect of combining the proven strengths of SM/CH mixtures with the unique properties of C25,25 opens exciting possibilities for advancing drug delivery technologies, promising to yield formulations that are both highly effective and adaptable to a range of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kejžar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ilja Gasan Osojnik Črnivec
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; The Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CipKeBiP), Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Vidakovic I, Kornmueller K, Fiedler D, Khinast J, Fröhlich E, Leitinger G, Horn C, Quehenberger J, Spadiut O, Prassl R. Archaeosomes for Oral Drug Delivery: From Continuous Microfluidics Production to Powdered Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:694. [PMID: 38931818 PMCID: PMC11206520 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes were manufactured from natural archaeal lipids by a microfluidics-assisted single-step production method utilizing a mixture of di- and tetraether lipids extracted from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the exceptional stability of archaeosomes as potential carriers for oral drug delivery, with a focus on powdered formulations. The archaeosomes were negatively charged with a size of approximately 100 nm and a low polydispersity index. To assess their suitability for oral delivery, the archaeosomes were loaded with two model drugs: calcein, a fluorescent compound, and insulin, a peptide hormone. The archaeosomes demonstrated high stability in simulated intestinal fluids, with only 5% of the encapsulated compounds being released after 24 h, regardless of the presence of degrading enzymes or extremely acidic pH values such as those found in the stomach. In a co-culture cell model system mimicking the intestinal barrier, the archaeosomes showed strong adhesion to the cell membranes, facilitating a slow release of contents. The archaeosomes were loaded with insulin in a single-step procedure achieving an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 35%. These particles have been exposed to extreme manufacturing temperatures during freeze-drying and spray-drying processes, demonstrating remarkable resilience under these harsh conditions. The fabrication of stable dry powder formulations of archaeosomes represents a promising advancement toward the development of solid dosage forms for oral delivery of biological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vidakovic
- Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.V.); (K.K.)
| | - Karin Kornmueller
- Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.V.); (K.K.)
| | - Daniela Fiedler
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | | | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | | | - Julian Quehenberger
- NovoArc GmbH, 1120 Vienna, Austria; (C.H.); (J.Q.)
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.V.); (K.K.)
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Rao A, Driessen AJM. Unraveling the multiplicity of geranylgeranyl reductases in Archaea: potential roles in saturation of terpenoids. Extremophiles 2024; 28:14. [PMID: 38280122 PMCID: PMC10821996 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-023-01330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The enzymology of the key steps in the archaeal phospholipid biosynthetic pathway has been elucidated in recent years. In contrast, the complete biosynthetic pathways for proposed membrane regulators consisting of polyterpenes, such as carotenoids, respiratory quinones, and polyprenols remain unknown. Notably, the multiplicity of geranylgeranyl reductases (GGRs) in archaeal genomes has been correlated with the saturation of polyterpenes. Although GGRs, which are responsible for saturation of the isoprene chains of phospholipids, have been identified and studied in detail, there is little information regarding the structure and function of the paralogs. Here, we discuss the diversity of archaeal membrane-associated polyterpenes which is correlated with the genomic loci, structural and sequence-based analyses of GGR paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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