1
|
Gull M, Feng T, Cruz HA, Krishnamurthy R, Pasek MA. Prebiotic Chemistry of Phosphite: Mild Thermal Routes to Form Condensed-P Energy Currency Molecules Leading Up to the Formation of Organophosphorus Compounds. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:920. [PMID: 37109449 PMCID: PMC10144983 DOI: 10.3390/life13040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The in-fall of meteorites and interstellar dust particles during the Hadean-Archean heavy bombardment may have provided the early Earth with various reduced oxidation state phosphorus compounds and minerals, including phosphite (HPO32-)([Pi(III)]). The ion phosphite ([Pi(III)])has been postulated to be ubiquitous on the early Earth and consequently could have played a role in the emergence of organophosphorus compounds and other prebiotically relevant P species such as condensed P compounds, e.g., pyrophosphite ([PPi(III)]) and isohypophosphate ([PPi(III-V)]). In the present study, we show that phosphite ([Pi(III)]) oxidizes under mild heating conditions (e.g., wet-dry cycles and a prebiotic scenario mimicking a mildly hot-evaporating/drying pool on the early Earth at 78-83 °C) in the presence of urea and other additives, resulting in changes to orthophosphate ([Pi(V)]) alongside the formation of reactive condensed P compounds (e.g., pyrophosphite ([PPi(III)]) and isohypophosphate ([PPi(III-V)])) through a one-pot mechanism. Additionally, we also show that phosphite ([Pi(III)]) and the condensed P compounds readily react with organics (nucleosides and organic alcohol) to form organophosphorus compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Gull
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33584, USA
| | - Tian Feng
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33584, USA
| | - Harold A. Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Matthew A. Pasek
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33584, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sydow C, Seiband C, Siegle AF, Trapp O. Phosphorylation in liquid sulfur dioxide under prebiotically plausible conditions. Commun Chem 2022; 5:143. [PMID: 36697619 PMCID: PMC9814524 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, organophosphates provide key functions such as information storage and transport, structural tasks, and energy transfer. Since condensations are unfavourable in water and nucleophilic attack at phosphate is kinetically inhibited, various abiogenesis hypotheses for the formation of organophosphate are discussed. Recently, the application of phosphites as phosphorylation agent showed promising results. However, elevated temperatures and additional reaction steps are required to obtain organophosphates. Here we show that in liquid sulfur dioxide, which acts as solvent and oxidant, efficient organophosphate formation is enabled. Phosphorous acid yields up to 32.6% 5' nucleoside monophosphate, 3.6% 5' nucleoside diphosphate, and the formation of nucleoside triphosphates and dinucleotides in a single reaction step at room temperature. In addition to the phosphorylation of organic compounds, we observed diserine formation. Thus, we suggest volcanic environments as reaction sites for biopolymer formation on Early Earth. Because of the simple recyclability of sulfur dioxide, the reaction is also interesting for synthesis chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Sydow
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Seiband
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander F. Siegle
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.429508.20000 0004 0491 677XMax-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen S, Yang L, Leung FKC, Kajitani T, Stuart MCA, Fukushima T, van Rijn P, Feringa BL. Photoactuating Artificial Muscles of Motor Amphiphiles as an Extracellular Matrix Mimetic Scaffold for Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3543-3553. [PMID: 35171583 PMCID: PMC8895399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mimicking the native
extracellular matrix (ECM) as a cell culture
scaffold has long attracted scientists from the perspective of supramolecular
chemistry for potential application in regenerative medicine. However,
the development of the next-generation synthetic materials that mimic
key aspects of ECM, with hierarchically oriented supramolecular structures,
which are simultaneously highly dynamic and responsive to external
stimuli, remains a major challenge. Herein, we present supramolecular
assemblies formed by motor amphiphiles (MAs), which mimic
the structural features of the hydrogel nature of the ECM and additionally
show intrinsic dynamic behavior that allow amplifying molecular motions
to macroscopic muscle-like actuating functions induced by light. The
supramolecular assembly (named artificial muscle) provides an attractive
approach for developing responsive ECM mimetic scaffolds for human
bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs).
Detailed investigations on the photoisomerization by nuclear magnetic
resonance and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, assembled structures
by electron microscopy, the photoactuation process, structural order
by X-ray diffraction, and cytotoxicity are presented. Artificial muscles
of MAs provide fast photoactuation in water based on
the hierarchically anisotropic supramolecular structures and show
no cytotoxicity. Particularly important, artificial muscles of MAs with adhered hBM-MSCs still can be actuated
by external light stimulation, showing their ability to convert light
energy into mechanical signals in biocompatible systems. As a proof-of-concept
demonstration, these results provide the potential for building photoactuating
ECM mimetic scaffolds by artificial muscle-like supramolecular assemblies
based on MAs and offer opportunities for signal transduction
in future biohybrid systems of cells and MAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Chen
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, AG Groningen 9747, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AV Groningen 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, AG Groningen 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, AG Groningen 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AV Groningen 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, AG Groningen 9747, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fialho DM, Karunakaran SC, Greeson KW, Martínez I, Schuster GB, Krishnamurthy R, Hud NV. Depsipeptide Nucleic Acids: Prebiotic Formation, Oligomerization, and Self-Assembly of a New Proto-Nucleic Acid Candidate. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13525-13537. [PMID: 34398608 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which informational polymers first formed on the early earth is currently unknown. The RNA world hypothesis implies that RNA oligomers were produced prebiotically, before the emergence of enzymes, but the demonstration of such a process remains challenging. Alternatively, RNA may have been preceded by an earlier ancestral polymer, or proto-RNA, that had a greater propensity for self-assembly than RNA, with the eventual transition to functionally superior RNA being the result of chemical or biological evolution. We report a new class of nucleic acid analog, depsipeptide nucleic acid (DepsiPNA), which displays several properties that are attractive as a candidate for proto-RNA. The monomers of depsipeptide nucleic acids can form under plausibly prebiotic conditions. These monomers oligomerize spontaneously when dried from aqueous solutions to form nucleobase-functionalized depsipeptides. Once formed, these DepsiPNA oligomers are capable of complementary self-assembly and are resistant to hydrolysis in the assembled state. These results suggest that the initial formation of primitive, self-assembling, informational polymers on the early earth may have been relatively facile if the constraints of an RNA-first scenario are relaxed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Fialho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Suneesh C Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Katherine W Greeson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Isaac Martínez
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gary B Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mailahn DH, Iarocz LEB, Nobre PC, Perin G, Sinott A, Pesarico AP, Birmann PT, Savegnago L, Silva MS. A greener protocol for the synthesis of phosphorochalcogenoates: Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113052. [PMID: 33272781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, a metal- and base-free protocol has been developed for the synthesis of phosphorochalcogenoates (Se and Te) by using DMSO as solvent at 50 °C. A variety of phosphorochalcogenoates were prepared from diorganyl dichalcogenides and H-phosphonates, leading to the formation of a Chal-P(O) bond, in a rapid procedure with good to excellent yields. A full structural elucidation of products was accessed by 1D and 2D NMR, IR, CGMS, and HRMS analyses, and a stability evaluation of the phosphorochalcogenoates was performed for an effective operational description of this simple and feasible method. Typical 77Se{1H} (δSe = 866.0 ppm), 125Te{1H} (δTe = 422.0 ppm) and 31P{1H} (δP = -1.0, -13.0 and -15.0 ppm) NMR chemical shifts were imperative to confirm the byproducts, in which this stability study was also important to select some products for pharmacological screening. The phosphorochalcogenoates were screened in vitro and ex vivo tests for the antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging activity, as well as to investigation toxicity in mice through of the plasma levels of markers of renal and hepatic damage. The pharmacological screening of phosphorochalcogenoates indicated that compounds have antioxidant propriety in different assays and not changes plasma levels of markers of renal and hepatic damage, with excision of 3g compound that increased plasma creatinine levels and decreased plasma urea levels when compared to control group in the blood mice. Thus, these compounds can be promising synthetic antioxidants that provide protection against oxidative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela H Mailahn
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas E B Iarocz
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrick C Nobre
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Airton Sinott
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Grupo de Pesquisa Em Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pesarico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Grupo de Pesquisa Em Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paloma T Birmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Grupo de Pesquisa Em Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Grupo de Pesquisa Em Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Márcio S Silva
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fialho DM, Roche TP, Hud NV. Prebiotic Syntheses of Noncanonical Nucleosides and Nucleotides. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4806-4830. [PMID: 32421316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin of nucleotides is a major question in origins-of-life research. Given the central importance of RNA in biology and the influential RNA World hypothesis, a great deal of this research has focused on finding possible prebiotic syntheses of the four canonical nucleotides of coding RNA. However, the use of nucleotides in other roles across the tree of life might be evidence that nucleotides have been used in noncoding roles for even longer than RNA has been used as a genetic polymer. Likewise, it is possible that early life utilized nucleotides other than the extant nucleotides as the monomers of informational polymers. Therefore, finding plausible prebiotic syntheses of potentially ancestral noncanonical nucleotides may be of great importance for understanding the origins and early evolution of life. Experimental investigations into abiotic noncanonical nucleotide synthesis reveal that many noncanonical nucleotides and related glycosides are formed much more easily than the canonical nucleotides. An analysis of the mechanisms by which nucleosides and nucleotides form in the solution phase or in drying-heating reactions from pre-existing sugars and heterocycles suggests that a wide variety of noncanonical nucleotides and related glycosides would have been present on the prebiotic Earth, if any such molecules were present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Fialho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0440, United States
| | - Tyler P Roche
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0440, United States
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0440, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu Y, Yin Z, Werner T, Spannenberg A, Wu XF. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of Propargylic Alcohols with Elemental Sulfur. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Zhiping Yin
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha Campus 310018 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|