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Bhukal A, Kumar V, Raman APS, Kumar A, Singh P, Lal K. Pyrazoline Spiro-oxindole tethered 1,2,3-triazole hybrids: Design, synthesis, antimicrobial efficacy and molecular modelling studies. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10928-3. [PMID: 39060857 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Inspired from the important applications of spirocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry, a new series of pyrazoline Spiro-oxindole tethered 1,2,3-triazole hybrids was reported via Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction from isatin-pyrazoline linked terminal alkynes with in situ derived benzyl azides. Antimicrobial evaluation data showed that all hybrids exhibited promising efficacy towards the tested microbial strains. Antimicrobial screening as well as docking studies suggested that hybrid 6a was found to be most potent towards Aspergillus niger (MIC = 0.0122 μmol/mL) and Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.0061 μmol/mL). Molecular docking studies of 6a within the binding pockets of antibacterial and antifungal targets revealed good interactions with the binding energies of - 144.544 kcal/mol and - 154.364 kcal/mol against 1KZN (E. coli) and 3D3Z (A. niger), respectively. Further, MD simulations were performed to study the stability of the complexes formed at 300 K. Based on the RMSD trajectories, it is evident that 3D3Z-6a complex exhibits minimal deviation, whereas the 1KZN-6a complex displayed little more deviation compared to the protein but, both are in acceptable range. Moreover, 3D3Z-6a and 1KZN-6a showed maximum number of hydrogen bonds at 50 ns and 70 ns, respectively, thereby complementing the stability of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Bhukal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
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2
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Sadanala BD, Trivedi R. Ferrocenyl Azoles: Versatile N-Containing Heterocycles and their Anticancer Activities. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300347. [PMID: 38984727 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The medicinal chemistry of ferrocene has gained its momentum after the discovery of biological activities of ferrocifen and ferroquine. These ferrocenyl drugs have been designed by replacing the aromatic moiety of the organic drugs, tamoxifen and chloroquine respectively, with a ferrocenyl unit. The promising biological activities of these ferrocenyl drugs have paved a path to explore the medicinal applications of several ferrocenyl conjugates. In these conjugates, the ferrocenyl moiety has played a vital role in enhancing or imparting the anticancer activity to the molecule. The ferrocenyl conjugates induce the cytotoxicity by generating reactive oxygen species and thereby damaging the DNA. In medicinal chemistry, the five membered nitrogen heterocycles (azoles) play a significant role due to their rigid ring structure and hydrogen bonding ability with the biomolecules. Several potent drug candidates with azole groups have been in use as chemotherapeutics. Considering the importance of ferrocenyl moiety and azole groups, several ferrocenyl azole conjugates have been synthesized and screened for their biological activities. Hence, in the view of a wide scope in the development of potent drugs based on ferrocenyl azole conjugates, herein we present the details of synthesis and the anticancer activities of ferrocenyl compounds bearing azole groups such as imidazole, triazoles, thiazole and isoxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Deepthi Sadanala
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
- Present address, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv Trivedi
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR, Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC campus Sector 19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201 002, India
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3
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Kumar V, Bhukal A, Raman APS, Singh P, Lal K. Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and In Silico Studies of Isatin Schiff Base Linked 1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400569. [PMID: 38770783 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A new series of isatin-Schiff base linked 1,2,3-triazole hybrids has been synthesized using CuAAC approach from (E)-3-(phenylimino)-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)indolin-2-one derivatives in high yield (73-91 %). These synthesized derivatives were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D-NMR and HRMS spectral techniques. The in vitro antimicrobial activity assay demonstrated that most of the tested hybrids exhibited promising activity. Compound 5 j displayed significant antibacterial efficacy against P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis with MIC value of 0.0062 μmol/mL. While, 5 j also showed better antifungal potency against A. niger with MIC value of 0.0123 μmol/mL. The docking studies of most promising compounds were performed with the well-known antibacterial and antifungal targets i. e. 1KZ1, 5TZ1. Molecular modelling investigations demonstrated that hybrids 5 h and 5 l exhibited good interactions with 1KZN and 5TZ1, with binding energies of -9.6 and -11.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, molecular dynamics studies of the compounds showing promising binding interactions were also carried out to study the stability of complexes of these hybrids with both the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Akanksha Bhukal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | | | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
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4
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Rohila Y, Sebastian S, Ansari A, Kumar D, Mishra DK, Gupta MK. A Comprehensive Review of the Diverse Spectrum Activity of 1,2,3-Triazole-linked Isatin Hybrids. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301612. [PMID: 38332679 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole and isatin as core structures have emerged as promising drug candidates due to their diverse biological activities such as anti-cancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-epileptic, antiviral, and more. The presence of 1,2,3-triazoles and isatin heterocycles in these hybrids, both individually known for their medicinal significance, has increasingly piqued the interest of drug discovery researchers, as they seek to delve deeper into their extensive pharmacological potential for enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, these hybrid compounds are synthetically accessible using readily available materials. Therefore, there is a pressing need to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge in this field, offering valuable insights to readers and paving the way for the discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked isatin hybrids with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajat Rohila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana. Mahendergarh-123031, Haryana, India
| | - Sharol Sebastian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana. Mahendergarh-123031, Haryana, India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana. Mahendergarh-123031, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - D K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engineering & Management, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana. Mahendergarh-123031, Haryana, India
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5
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Kumar V, Lal K, Kumar R, Kumar A, Mathpati RS, Singh MB, Kumari K. Click synthesis, antimicrobial, DNA photocleavage and computational studies of oxindole-tethered 1 H-1,2,3-triazoles. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1115-1131. [PMID: 37565342 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To obtain new hybrids derived from isatin and triazole. Materials & methods: A series of oxindole-1-H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (4a-l) were synthesized from 3-sulfenylated N-propargylated oxindoles and organic azides employing Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity by the standard serial dilution method and DNA photocleavage activity. Results: Antimicrobial assay revealed that compounds 4l and 4f exhibited promising efficacy against Candida albicans and Rhizopus oryzae, respectively, with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.0008 μmol/mL. Compounds 4h and 4k completely degraded plasmid DNA. Further molecular docking of compounds with 1KZN (4j and 4k) and 5TZ1 (4h and 4l) revealed good binding interactions. Conclusion: Results of the current research can help in the development of new antimicrobial agents with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Ramling S Mathpati
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Madhur Babu Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Kumar A, Lal K, Kumar V, Murtaza M, Jaglan S, Paul AK, Yadav S, Kumari K. Synthesis, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and computational studies of isatin-semicarbazone tethered 1,2,3-triazoles. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106388. [PMID: 36736034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In present era, heterocyclic compounds containing two or three nitrogen atoms play a vital role in drug discovery. In this context, a new class of isatin-semicarbazone tethered 1,2,3-triazole hybrids was synthesized via Cu(I)-mediated azide alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Structural characteristics of the newly derived compounds were identified by various spectral techniques like FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Synthesized derivatives were also screened for in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against different microbial species. Triazole hybrid 7e showed significant efficacy towards E. coli having MIC of 0.0063 µmol/mL, whereas 6a, 6b, 7a, 7c, 7e, and 7f showed highest percentage of biofilm inhibition against P. aeruginosa. Bioassay results suggested that these triazole hybrids could act as biomaterial for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications and may constitute a new promising class of antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. These results were further supported by in silico docking, DFT calculations and ADME studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Mohd Murtaza
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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7
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Kowalski K. A brief survey on the application of metal-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions to the synthesis of ferrocenyl-x-1,2,3-triazolyl-R (x = none or a linker and R = organic entity) compounds with anticancer activity. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Koszytkowska-Stawińska M, Buchowicz W. Ferrocene-triazole conjugates: do we know why they are biologically active? Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1501-1517. [PMID: 36651023 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The bioorganometallic chemistry of ferrocene has been gaining significance in recent years. This review presents ferrocene-triazole conjugates displaying significant biological properties. The conjugates have been synthesized via azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The data are summarized according to the type of activity (anticancer, antibacterial and/or antifungal, antiprotozoal, and other effects). The results of studies concerning the understanding of the role of the ferrocene core in their biological activity are highlighted. While generally the mode of action of these organometallic species remains unclear, the importance of redox properties of ferrocene has been postulated in several cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Koszytkowska-Stawińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Buchowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Antimicrobial Activities of Novel Triazole-ferulic acid ester Hybrid Carbohydrates. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Pereira D, Pinto M, Correia-da-Silva M, Cidade H. Recent Advances in Bioactive Flavonoid Hybrids Linked by 1,2,3-Triazole Ring Obtained by Click Chemistry. Molecules 2021; 27:230. [PMID: 35011463 PMCID: PMC8746422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the biological activities of natural flavonoids, several synthetic strategies aiming to obtain analogues with improved potency and/or pharmacokinetic profile have been developed. Since the triazole ring has been associated with several biological activities and metabolic stability, hybridization with a 1,2,3-triazole ring has been increasingly reported over the last years. The feasible synthesis through copper (I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has allowed the accomplishment of several hybrids. Since 2017, almost 700 flavonoid hybrids conjugated with 1,2,3-triazole, including chalcones, flavones, flavanones and flavonols, among others, with antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifouling activity have been reported. This review compiles the biological activities recently described for these hybrids, highlighting the mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Herman BE, Gardi J, Julesz J, Tömböly C, Szánti-Pintér E, Fehér K, Skoda-Földes R, Szécsi M. Steroidal ferrocenes as potential enzyme inhibitors of the estrogen biosynthesis. Biol Futur 2021; 71:249-264. [PMID: 34554507 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential inhibitory effect of diverse triazolyl-ferrocene steroids on key enzymes of the estrogen biosynthesis was investigated. Test compounds were synthesized via copper-catalyzed cycloaddition of steroidal azides and ferrocenyl-alkynes using our efficient methodology published previously. Inhibition of human aromatase, steroid sulfatase (STS) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) activities was investigated with in vitro radiosubstrate incubations. Some of the test compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of the STS. A compound bearing ferrocenyl side chain on the C-2 displayed a reversible inhibition, whereas C-16 and C-17 derivatives displayed competitive irreversible binding mechanism toward the enzyme. 17α-Triazolyl-ferrocene derivatives of 17β-estradiol exerted outstanding inhibitory effect and experiments demonstrated a key role of the ferrocenyl moiety in the enhanced binding affinity. Submicromolar IC50 and Ki parameters enroll these compounds to the group of the most effective STS inhibitors published so far. STS inhibitory potential of the steroidal ferrocenes may lead to the development of novel compounds able to suppress in situ biosynthesis of 17β-estradiol in target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Edina Herman
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, P. O. Box 427, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - János Gardi
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, P. O. Box 427, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - János Julesz
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, P. O. Box 427, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, P. O. Box 521, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szánti-Pintér
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, P. O. Box 158, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Fehér
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, P. O. Box 158, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Rita Skoda-Földes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, P. O. Box 158, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.
| | - Mihály Szécsi
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, P. O. Box 427, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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Singh G, Priyanka, Sushma, Pawan, Mohit, Satija P, Esteban MA, González‐Silvera D, Espinosa‐Ruíz C. Synthesis and Characterization of Antioxidant Biphenyl Appended 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Potential Chemo‐Sensor for Sn
2+
Ions: Excellent Selectivity and Low Detection Limit. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Sushma
- Department of Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Pawan
- Department of Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Mohit
- Department of Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Pinky Satija
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences Shoolini University Solan Himachal Pradesh 173212 India
| | | | - D. González‐Silvera
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology University of Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
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13
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Slavova KI, Todorov LT, Belskaya NP, Palafox MA, Kostova IP. Developments in the Application of 1,2,3-Triazoles in Cancer Treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:92-112. [PMID: 32679022 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200717164457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of cancer on modern society cannot be emphasized enough in terms of both economic and human costs. Cancer treatments are known, unfortunately, for their side effects - frequently numerous and severe. Drug resistance is another issue medical professionals have to tackle when dealing with neoplastic illnesses. Cancer rates are rising worldwide due to various factors - low-quality nutrition, air and water pollution, tobacco use, etc. For those and many other reasons, drug discovery in the field of oncology is a top priority in modern medical science. OBJECTIVE To present the reader with the latest in cancer drug discovery with regard to 1,2,3-triazole- containing molecules in a clear, concise way so as to make the present review a useful tool for researchers. METHODS Available information present on the role of 1,2,3-triazoles in cancer treatment was collected. Data was collected from scientific literature, as well as from patents. RESULTS A vast number of triazole-containing molecules with antiproliferative properties have been proposed, synthesized and tested for anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. The substances vary greatly when considering molecular structure, proposed mechanisms of action and affected cancer cell types. CONCLUSION Triazole-containing molecules with anticancer activity are being widely synthesized and extensively tested. They vary significantly in terms of both structure and mechanism of action. The methods for their preparation and administration are well established and with proven reproducibility. These facts suggest that triazoles may play an important role in the discovery of novel antiproliferative medications with improved effectiveness and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina I Slavova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lozan T Todorov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Mauricio A Palafox
- Departamento de Quimica-Fisica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Irena P Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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14
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Bioactive isatin (oxime)-triazole-thiazolidinedione ferrocene molecular conjugates: Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activities. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Singh G, Diksha, Singh A, Satija P, Pawan, Mohit, González-Silvera D, Espinosa-Ruíz C, Esteban MA. Organosilanes and their magnetic nanoparticles as naked eye red emissive sensors for Ag + ions and potent anti-oxidants. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00242b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This work involves the synthesis of organosilanes as colorimetric sensors for the detection of Ag+ ions, cytotoxicity studies and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diksha
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Akshpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Pinky Satija
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Pawan
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Mohit
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - D. González-Silvera
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Murcia
- 30100 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruíz
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Murcia
- 30100 Murcia
- Spain
| | - María Angeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Murcia
- 30100 Murcia
- Spain
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16
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Shalini, Kumar V. Have molecular hybrids delivered effective anti-cancer treatments and what should future drug discovery focus on? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:335-363. [PMID: 33305635 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1850686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer continues to be a big threat and its treatment is a huge challenge among the medical fraternity. Conventional anti-cancer agents are losing their efficiency which highlights the need to introduce new anti-cancer entities for treating this complex disease. A hybrid molecule has a tendency to act through varied modes of action on multiple targets at a given time. Thus, there is the significant scope with hybrid compounds to tackle the existing limitations of cancer chemotherapy. AREA COVERED This perspective describes the most significant hybrids that spring hope in the field of cancer chemotherapy. Several hybrids with anti-proliferative/anti-tumor properties currently approved or in clinical development are outlined, along with a description of their mechanism of action and identified drug targets. EXPERT OPINION The success of molecular hybridization in cancer chemotherapy is quite evident by the number of molecules entering into clinical trials and/or have entered the drug market over the past decade. Indeed, the recent advancements and co-ordinations in the interface between chemistry, biology, and pharmacology will help further the advancement of hybrid chemotherapeutics in the future.List of abbreviations: Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA; national cancer institute, NCI; peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC; food and drug administration, FDA; histone deacetylase, HDAC; epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, VEGFR; suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA; farnesyltransferase inhibitor, FTI; adenosine triphosphate, ATP; Tamoxifen, TAM; selective estrogen receptor modulator, SERM; structure activity relationship, SAR; estrogen receptor, ER; lethal dose, LD; half maximal growth inhibitory concentration, GI50; half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-India
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17
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Kumar S, Sharma B, Mehra V, Kumar V. Recent accomplishments on the synthetic/biological facets of pharmacologically active 1H-1,2,3-triazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113069. [PMID: 33388593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuous demand of medicinally important scaffolds has prompted the synthetic chemists to identify simple and efficient routes for their synthesis. 1H-1,2,3-triazole, obtained by highly versatile, efficacious and selective "Click Reaction" has become a synthetic/medicinal chemist's favorite not only because of its ability to mimic different functional groups but also due to enhancement in the targeted biological activities. Triazole ring has also been shown to play a critical role in biomolecular mimetics, fragment-based drug design, and bioorthogonal methodologies. In addition, the availability of triazole containing drugs such as fluconazole, furacyclin, etizolam, voriconazole, triozolam etc. in market has underscored the potential of this biologically enriched core in expediting development of new scaffolds. The present review, therefore, is an attempt to highlight the recent synthetic/biological advancements in triazole derivatives that could facilitate the in-depth understanding of its role in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Bharvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vishu Mehra
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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18
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Sharma B, Saha ST, Perumal S, Gu L, Ebenezer O, Singh P, Kaur M, Kumar V. Design, Synthesis, Antiproliferative Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of N-(3-Hydroxyindole)-Appended β-Carbolines/Tetrahydro-β-Carbolines Targeting Triple-Negative and Non-Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28907-28917. [PMID: 33225121 PMCID: PMC7675558 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present manuscript pertains to the design and synthesis of a series of 3-hydroxyindole-substituted β-carbolines/tetrahydro-β-carbolines with an aim to explore their antiproliferative structure-activity relationship against breast cancer. The conjugate with an optimum combination of a flexible tetrahydro-β-carboline core, a tertiary alcoholic group along with a chloro substituent on the indole ring, proved to be the most active compound. It displayed IC50 values of 13.61 and 22.76 μM against MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-) cells, respectively. The docking studies were found to be consistent with experimental results owing to the stronger binding affinity of the synthesized conjugates via hydrophobic and H-bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharvi Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sourav Taru Saha
- School
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3,
WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Shanen Perumal
- School
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3,
WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Liang Gu
- School
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3,
WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Oluwakemi Ebenezer
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3,
WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
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19
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Naouri A, Djemoui A, Ouahrani MR, Lahrech MB, Lemouari N, Rocha DH, Albuquerque H, Mendes RF, Almeida Paz FA, Helguero LA, Bachari K, Talhi O, Silva AM. Multicomponent and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition synthesis of triazole- and isoxazole-acridinedione/xanthenedione heterocyclic hybrids: Cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Khalaf HS, Tolan HEM, Radwan MAA, Mohamed AM, Awad HM, El-Sayed WA. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of novel pyrimidine and pyrimidine-thiadiazole hybrid glycosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:1036-1056. [PMID: 32312171 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1748649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
New 1,3,4-thiadiazole thioglycosides linked to substituted pyrimidines were synthesized via glycosylation of 1,3,4-thiadiazole thiol compounds. Also, novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives linked to carbohydrate units were prepared using the standard click chemistry conditions employing the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition of substituted-aryl-azides with a selection of alkyne-functionalized sugars. The chemical structures of the new derivatives were verified using various spectroscopic techniques, such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses. The cytotoxic activities of the prepared compounds were investigated in vitro against human liver cancer (HepG-2) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell lines. In addition, the biological evaluation of the new compounds involved the investigation of their effects on a human normal retinal pigmented epithelial cell line (RPE1) using the MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemat S Khalaf
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts-Qurayat, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.,Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala E M Tolan
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Radwan
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Mohamed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanem M Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael A El-Sayed
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Kaur K, Jaitak V. Recent Development in Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:962-983. [PMID: 30864529 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190312125602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths in women. Due to severe side effects and multidrug resistance, current therapies like hormonal therapy, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy become ineffective. Also, the existing drugs for BC treatment are associated with several drawbacks such as poor oral bioavailability, non-selectivity and poor pharmacodynamics properties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more effective and safer anti BC agents. OBJECTIVE This article explored in detail the possibilities of indole-based heterocyclic compounds as anticancer agents with breast cancer as their major target. METHODS Recent literature related to indole derivatives endowed with encouraging anti BC potential is reviewed. With special focus on BC, this review offers a detailed account of multiple mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives: aromatase inhibitor, tubulin inhibitor, microtubule inhibitor, targeting estrogen receptor, DNA-binding mechanism, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of PI3K/AkT/NFkB/mTOR, and HDAC inhibitors, by which these derivatives have shown promising anticancer potential. RESULTS Exhaustive literature survey indicated that indole derivatives are associated with properties of inducing apoptosis and disturbing tubulin assembly. Indoles are also associated with the inhibition of NFkB/mTOR/PI3K/AkT and regulation of estrogen-mediated activity. Furthermore, indole derivatives have been found to modulate critical targets such as topoisomerase and HDAC. These derivatives have shown significant activity against breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION In BC, indole derivatives seem to be quite competent and act through various mechanisms that are well established in case of BC. This review has shown that indole derivatives can further be explored for the betterment of BC chemotherapy. A lot of potential is still hidden which demands to be discovered for upgrading BC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Pb) -151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Pb) -151001, India
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22
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El Malah T, Nour HF, Satti AAE, Hemdan BA, El-Sayed WA. Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Activities of 1,2,3-Triazole Glycoside Clickamers. Molecules 2020; 25:E790. [PMID: 32059480 PMCID: PMC7071105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance remains a significant threat and a leading cause of death worldwide, despite massive attempts to control infections. In an effort to develop biologically active antibacterial and antifungal agents, six novel aryl-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles linked to carbohydrate units were synthesized through the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition CuAAC of substituted-arylazides with a selection of alkyne-functionalized sugars. The chemical structures of the new derivatives were verified using different spectroscopic techniques. The novel clicked 1,2,3-triazoles were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the obtained results were compared with the activity of the reference antibiotic "Ampicillin". Likewise, in vitro antifungal activity of the new 1,2,3-triazoles was investigated against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using "Nystatin" as a reference drug. The results of the biological evaluation pointed out that Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to all of the tested compounds than other examined microbes. In addition, some tested compounds exhibited promising antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer El Malah
- Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, P.O. Box 12622 Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Hany F. Nour
- Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, P.O. Box 12622 Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Amira A. E. Satti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Qurayat, Jouf University, P.O. Box 77425 Qurayat, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 11116 Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Bahaa A. Hemdan
- Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, P.O. Box 12622 Cairo, Egypt;
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, P.O. Box 781039 Assam, India
| | - Wael A. El-Sayed
- Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, P.O. Box 12622 Cairo, Egypt;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, P.O. Box 51452 Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Rani A, Singh GI, Kaur R, Palma G, Perumal S, Kaur M, Ebenezer O, Awolade P, Singh P, Kumar V. Azide-alkyne cycloaddition en route to ferrocenyl-methoxy-methyl-isatin-conjugates: Synthesis, anti-breast cancer activities and molecular docking studies. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Sharma B, Gu L, Pillay RP, Cele N, Awolade P, Singh P, Kaur M, Kumar V. Design, synthesis, and anti-proliferative evaluation of 1 H-1,2,3-triazole grafted tetrahydro-β-carboline-chalcone/ferrocenylchalcone conjugates in estrogen responsive and triple negative breast cancer cells. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00879f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1H-1,2,3 triazole grafted tetrahydro-β-carboline-chalcone/ferrocenylchalcone conjugates were synthesized and in vitro evaluated against estrogen responsive (MCF-7) and triple negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Liang Gu
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Ruvesh Pascal Pillay
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Nosipho Cele
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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25
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Design, synthesis, and validation of novel nitrogen-based chalcone analogs against triple negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111954. [PMID: 31838326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Great strides have been made in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, which represents 20% of total predicted annual US breast cancer (BC) cases. Despite the development of several therapeutics, TNBC patients have poor overall survival rate, compared to other BC patients, justifying the urgent need to discover new entities for use to control TNBC. Chalcones are important natural products with diverse bioactivities including anticancer effects. This study aimed to design, synthesize and validate novel chalcone leads as potential therapies for TNBC. Fourteen novel chalcone analogs were designed and synthesized comprising alicyclic amines (pyrrolidine, morpholine and piperidine) or nitrogen mustard (Bis-(2-chloroethyl) amine) substituents. Among them, compound 14((E)-3-(4-(Bis(2-chloroethyl) amino) phenyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one) was identified as the most effective against TNBC and other BC phenotypes, with anti-proliferative IC50 values ranging between 3.94 and 9.22 μM against the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, as well as against the estrogen positive MCF-7 cell line. Chalcone 14 effectively suppressed the colony formation capacity of MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MCF-7 cell lines at 5 and 10 μM treatment concentrations. Furthermore, compound 14 has significantly inhibited cell invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 BC cell lines. Additionally, compound 14 had significantly promoted apoptosis by upregulating BAX and downregulating Bcl-2 proteins. Compound 14 induced significant cell cycle arrest of TNBC cells at the G2/M phase. It also induced a reversal of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) by upregulating the epithelial markers E-cadherin and Pan-cadherin and downregulating FAK. Furthermore, it had dramatically diminished new vessel formation (vasculogenesis) in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model by 60.20 ± 8.47%. Chalcone 14 inhibited 46.41 ± 0.71% of the TNBC MAD-MB-231 cells growth in a nude mouse orthotopic xenograft model in comparison with vehicle control treated animals. Collectively, this study results propose chalcone 14 as a promising lead molecule for the control of TNBC as well as other breast cancer phenotypes.
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26
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Singh A, Zhang D, Tam CC, Cheng LW, Land KM, Kumar V. Click-chemistry approach to synthesis of functionalized isatin-ferrocenes and their biological evaluation against the human pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Varun, Sonam, Kakkar R. Isatin and its derivatives: a survey of recent syntheses, reactions, and applications. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:351-368. [PMID: 30996856 PMCID: PMC6438150 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) and its derivatives represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds that can be used as precursors for drug synthesis. Since its discovery, a lot of research work has been done regarding the synthesis, chemical properties, and biological and industrial applications of isatin. In this review, we have reported several novel methods for the synthesis of N-, C2-, and C3-substituted and spiro derivatives of isatin. The isatin moiety also shows important chemical reactions such as oxidation, ring expansion, Friedel-Crafts reaction and aldol condensation. These reactions, in turn, produce several biologically viable compounds like 2-oxindoles, tryptanthrin, indirubins, and many more. We have also summarized some recently reported biological activities exhibited by isatin derivatives, like anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and others. Special attention has been paid to their anti-cancer activity, and various anti-cancer targets such as histone deacetylase, carbonic anhydrase, tyrosine kinase, and tubulin have been discussed in detail. Other applications of isatin derivatives, such as in the dye industry and in corrosion prevention, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
| | - Sonam
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
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28
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Rani A, Anand A, Kumar K, Kumar V. Recent developments in biological aspects of chalcones: the odyssey continues. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:249-288. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1573812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India
| | - Kewal Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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29
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Kumar S, Palma G, Perumal S, Kaur M, Singh-Pillay A, Raj R, Singh P, Kumar V. Triarylethylene-indolin-2,3-dione molecular conjugates: design, synthesis, docking studies and anti-proliferation evaluation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:42409-42414. [PMID: 35542879 PMCID: PMC9076587 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-linked ospemifene-isatin and O-methylated ospemifene–isatin conjugates were synthesized and assayed for their anti-proliferative activities against estrogen-responsive as well as estrogen-non-responsive cells. The non-cytotoxic conjugate 14e, with an optimal combination of bromo substituents at the C-5/C-7 positions of isatin, proved to be a promising hit with an IC50 value of 31.62 μM against MCF-7 and 19.23 μM against MDA-MB-231. The observed anti-proliferative activities of active conjugates were further corroborated via docking studies carried out on estrogen receptor subtypes α and β. A series of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-linked ospemifene–isatin and O-methylated ospemifene–isatin conjugates were synthesized and assayed for their anti-proliferative activities against estrogen-responsive as well as estrogen-non-responsive cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Gabriella Palma
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witswatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Shanen Perumal
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witswatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology
- University of the Witswatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - Raghu Raj
- Department of Chemistry
- DAV College
- Amritsar-143001
- India
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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30
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Swetha Y, Reddy ER, Kumar JR, Trivedi R, Giribabu L, Sridhar B, Rathod B, Prakasham RS. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of ferrocene–oxime ether benzyl 1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00660e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of ferrocene–oxime ether benzyl 1H-1,2,3 triazole hybrids has been synthesized by employing Cu(i) catalyzed azide–alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition reaction and their antibacterial and antifungal activities are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagnam Swetha
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Eda Rami Reddy
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jakku Ranjith Kumar
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Rajiv Trivedi
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-IICT Campus
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Balaji Rathod
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Reddy Shetty Prakasham
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
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31
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Kumar S, Bains T, Won Kim AS, Tam C, Kim J, Cheng LW, Land KM, Debnath A, Kumar V. Highly Potent 1 H-1,2,3-Triazole-Tethered Isatin-Metronidazole Conjugates Against Anaerobic Foodborne, Waterborne, and Sexually-Transmitted Protozoal Parasites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:380. [PMID: 30425970 PMCID: PMC6218680 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections like amebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis are major health threats in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Metronidazole (MTZ) is the current drug of choice for amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis but it has several adverse effects and potential resistance is a concern. In order to develop alternative antimicrobials, a library of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered metronidazole-isatin conjugates was synthesized using Huisgen's azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and evaluated for their amebicidal, anti-trichomonal, and anti-giardial potential. Most of the synthesized conjugates exhibited activities against Trichomonas vaginalis, Tritrichomonas foetus, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia. While activities against T. vaginalis and T. foetus were comparable to that of the standard drug MTZ, better activities were observed against E. histolytica and G. lamblia. Conjugates 9d and 10a were found to be 2–3-folds more potent than MTZ against E. histolytica and 8–16-folds more potent than MTZ against G. lamblia. Further analysis of these compounds on fungi and bacteria did not show inhibitory activity, demonstrating their specific anti-protozoal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Trpta Bains
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Sae Won Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - Christina Tam
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Jong Kim
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Luisa W Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - Anjan Debnath
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Kumar S, Saha ST, Gu L, Palma G, Perumal S, Singh-Pillay A, Singh P, Anand A, Kaur M, Kumar V. 1 H-1,2,3-Triazole Tethered Nitroimidazole-Isatin Conjugates: Synthesis, Docking, and Anti-Proliferative Evaluation against Breast Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12106-12113. [PMID: 30320289 PMCID: PMC6175498 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
1H-1,2,3-Triazole tethered imidazole-isatin and imidazole-isatin-thiosemicarbazone conjugates were synthesized and evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Antiproliferative activities of the synthesized conjugates revealed an optimum combination of longer alkyl chain length as spacer and a halogen-substituent on the isatin ring as a pre-requisite for good activity. The compound 6g with an optimum combination of chloro-substituent at C-5 position of isatin ring and a butyl chain length proved to be most active and noncytotoxic with IC50s of 54.25 and 26.12 μM against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sourav Taru Saha
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liang Gu
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gabriella Palma
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shanen Perumal
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Khalsa College, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private
Bag 3, Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
- E-mail: (V.K.)
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33
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Singh A, Fong G, Liu J, Wu YH, Chang K, Park W, Kim J, Tam C, Cheng LW, Land KM, Kumar V. Synthesis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Analysis of Isatin-Ferrocene and Isatin-Ferrocenyl Chalcone Conjugates. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5808-5813. [PMID: 30023926 PMCID: PMC6045481 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we outline the synthesis of isatin-ferrocenyl chalcone and 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered isatin-ferrocene conjugates along with their antimicrobial evaluation against the human mucosal pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis. The introduction of a triazole ring among the synthesized conjugates improved the activity profiles with most of the compounds in the library, exhibiting 100% growth inhibition in a preliminary susceptibility screen at 100 μM. IC50 determination of the most potent compounds in the set revealed an inhibitory range between 2 and 13 μM. Normal flora microbiome are unaffected by these compounds, suggesting that these may be new chemical scaffolds for the discovery of new drugs against trichomonad infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Grant Fong
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of the
Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Jenny Liu
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of the
Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Yun-Hsuan Wu
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of the
Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of the
Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - William Park
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of the
Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Jihwan Kim
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of the
Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Christina Tam
- Foodborne
Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research
Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Luisa W. Cheng
- Foodborne
Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research
Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Kirkwood M. Land
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of the
Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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