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Akintade DD, Chaudhuri B. FK506-binding protein 2 (FKBP13) inhibit Bax-induced apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:719-728. [PMID: 34342774 PMCID: PMC10406727 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
FK506-binding protein 2 (FKBP13) is a part of the immunophilin protein family involved in immunoregulation. It is also believed to operate as a factor in membrane cytoskeletal framework and as an ER chaperone. FKBP2 (FKBP13) and FKBP1 (FKBP12), known as immunophilins, are binding proteins for rapamycin and FK506, which are immunosuppressive drugs. It was suggested that immunophilin-like and immunophilin proteins play significant roles in regulating intracellular calcium and protein folding/sorting, acting as molecular chaperones. Within the 15 mammalian FKBPs known, FKBP1 is merely the only one proven to form complexes with rapamycin and FK506 in the cytosol and facilitate their T cells immunosuppressive effects, FKBP2 is a luminal protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is reported to take part in protein folding in the ER. However, little is known about FKBP2 link with apoptosis (either as a pro or anti-apoptotic protein). In this study, FKPB2 protein was co-expressed with the pro-apoptotic protein Bax after a yeast-based human hippocampal cDNA library screening. The yeast strain carrying the Bax gene was transformed with an episomal 2-micron plasmid that encodes the HA-tagged FKBP2 gene. The resultant strain would allow co-expression of Bax and FKBP2 in yeast cells. The results presented here show that a protein involved in protein folding can play a role in protecting yeast cell from Bax-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare D Akintade
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK.
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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2
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Abdullaha M, Ali M, Kour D, Mudududdla R, Khajuria P, Kumar A, Bharate SB. Tetramethoxystilbene Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly via Blocking the Oligomerization of Apoptosis-Associated Speck-like Protein Containing Caspase Recruitment Domain: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1437-1448. [PMID: 34423275 PMCID: PMC8369685 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex regulates the caspase-1 activity and subsequent processing of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Various inflammatory diseases involve the activation of inflammasome complexes; thus, the intervention in complex formation via small molecules offers a new therapeutic opportunity. The structure-guided design and synthesis of a series of methoxystilbenes and methoxy-2-phenylnaphthalenes identified new inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome complex. The tetramethoxystilbene 4o and trimethoxy 2-phenylnaphthalene 1t inhibit the release of a mature form of IL-1β in J774A.1 cells with IC50 values of 1.39 and 2.07 μM, respectively. Mechanistic investigation revealed that tetramethoxystilbene 4o blocks the oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), which is the vital step in the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, thus preventing the activation of caspase-1 and the IL-1β release. Treatment of LPS+ATP challenged mice with 20 mg/kg of 4o significantly suppressed the levels of IL-1β. The data presented herein warrant further investigation of methoxystilbenes in disease-specific models of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abdullaha
- Natural
Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mehboob Ali
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- PK-PD
Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Dilpreet Kour
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- PK-PD
Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ramesh Mudududdla
- Natural
Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parul Khajuria
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- PK-PD
Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- PK-PD
Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sandip B. Bharate
- Natural
Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Amin S, Alam MM, Akhter M, Najmi AK, Siddiqui N, Husain A, Shaquiquzzaman M. A review on synthetic procedures and applications of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3) in the last biennial period (2018–19). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1831499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Amin
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Asif Husain
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Akintade DD, Chaudhuri B. Human VAMP3 Suppresses or Negatively Regulates Bax Induced Apoptosis in Yeast. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010095. [PMID: 33478086 PMCID: PMC7835773 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential process that is regulated genetically and could lead to a serious disease condition if not well controlled. Bax is one of the main proapoptotic proteins and actively involved in programmed cell death. It has been suggested that Bax induced apoptosis in yeast could be obstructed by enhancing vesicular membrane trafficking. Plasma membrane proteins and lipid oxidation were reduced by a vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) when expressed in yeast, suggesting its potential role in repairing membranes. Membrane integrity is crucial, as the loss of membrane integrity will result in the leakage of ions from mitochondria, and ultimately cell death due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Expression of Arabidopsis’ VAMP has been linked to antiapoptosis activity. Since plant VAMP has been associated with antiapoptotic activities, this study investigates the possible participation of human VAMP3 in blocking human Bax mediated apoptosis. Some novel genes were identified to rescue Bax’s proapoptotic effects, in a yeast-based human hippocampal cDNA library screen. VAMP3 (a gene code for proteins involved in protein secretion) gene was chosen for further study to confirm its role in inhibiting apoptosis. VAMP3 was coexpressed with a chromosomally integrated Bax gene expression cassette driven by the GAL1 promoter. The antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family (Bcl xL) were known to negate the proapoptotic properties of Bax. However, the new gene (VAMP3) results show that novel antiapoptotic proteins can be identified using a yeast-based assay. The findings presented here show that human VAMP3 protein has antiapoptotic property and could abrogate Bax induced apoptosis (cell death).
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare D. Akintade
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
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Akintade D, Chaudhuri B. The effect of copy number on α-synuclein's toxicity and its protective role in Bax-induced apoptosis, in yeast. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201912. [PMID: 32794578 PMCID: PMC7468099 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death which is essential for the growth of dividing human cells whereas, in contrast, it is deleterious for post-mitotic cells such as neurons. Bax and α-synuclein are two human proteins which play a role in the induction of neuronal apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Human Bax and α-synuclein also induce cell death when expressed in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Quite unexpectedly, the human α-synuclein gene had been identified as an inhibitor of pro-apoptotic Bax using a yeast-based screen of a human hippocampal cDNA library. Plasmids were constructed with different promoters, which allow expression of wildtype and Parkinson's disease (PD)-related mutant α-synuclein genes, from (i) multi-copy 2µ (episomal) plasmids and (ii) integrative plasmids that compel expression of genes from chromosomal sites in varying copy numbers (1-3). All α-synuclein-containing plasmids were introduced, through transformation, into a yeast strain which already contained a chromosomally integrated copy of Bax. It is for the first time that it was observed that, depending on gene dosage, only wildtype α-synuclein is anti-apoptotic while mutant α-synuclein is not. The results also indicate that wildtype α-synuclein has a remarkable ability to manifest two contrasting effects depending on its level of expression: (i) normally, it would negate apoptosis but (ii) when overexpressed, it tends to induce apoptosis which is probably what happens in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare D. Akintade
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, U.K
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, U.K
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, U.K
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Akintade DD, Chaudhuri B. Apoptosis, Induced by Human α-Synuclein in Yeast, Can Occur Independent of Functional Mitochondria. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102203. [PMID: 33003464 PMCID: PMC7601298 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human α-synuclein expression in baker’s yeast reportedly induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Surprisingly, we find that, under de-repressing conditions of the inducible MET25/GAL1 promoters, yeast cells expressing chromosomally-integrated copies of the human α-synuclein gene are not killed, but spontaneously form respiration-deficient rho-minus (ρ−) petites. Although yeast cells can undergo cell death (apoptosis) from loss of mitochondrial function, they can also survive without functional mitochondria. Such cells are referred to as ρ0 or ρ− petites. This study reports that minimal expression of human α-synuclein in yeast, from MET25/GAL1 promoter, gives rise to ρ− petites. Interestingly, the full expression of α-synuclein, from the same promoters, in α-synuclein-triggered ρ− petites and also in ρ0 petites (produced by treating ρ+ cells with the mutagen ethidium bromide) initiates apoptosis. The percentages of petites increase with increasing α-synuclein gene copy-number. ρ− petites expressing α-synuclein from fully-induced MET25/GAL1 promoters exhibit increased ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and nuclear DNA fragmentation, with increasing copies of α-synuclein. Our results indicate that, for the first time in yeast, α-synuclein-triggered apoptosis can occur independently of functional mitochondria. The observation that α-synuclein naturally forms petites and that they can undergo apoptosis may have important implications in understanding the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare D. Akintade
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-07712452922
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
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Akintade DD, Chaudhuri B. Identification of proteins involved in transcription/translation (eEF 1A1) as an inhibitor of Bax induced apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6785-6792. [PMID: 32875432 PMCID: PMC7561549 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (eEF1A1) is central to translational activity. It is involved in complexes that form signal transduction with protein kinase C, as well as being a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 are isoforms of the alpha subunit of elongating factor 1 complex. It has been reported that eEF1A1 is expressed in most human tissues but the brain, skeletal muscle and heart. eEF1A1 has been linked to both apoptosis and anti-apoptotic activities. In this study, eEF1A1 was co-expressed with Bax, a proapoptotic protein via heterologous expression of recombinant DNA in yeast cells. Assays were carried out to monitor the fate and state of yeast cells when eEF1A1 was co-expressed with Bax. The yeast strain (bearing an integrated copy of the Bax gene) was transformed with an episomal 2-micron plasmid that encodes HA-tagged eEF1A1 gene. The resultant strain would allow co-expression of Bax and eEF1A1 in yeast cells, Bax being under the control of the GAL1 promoter, while the PGK1 promoter drives eEF1A1 expression. Bcl 2A1, a known anti-apoptotic protein, was also co-expressed with Bax in yeast cells as a positive control, to study the anti-apoptotic characteristic of eEF-1A1. The part eEF1A1 plays in apoptosis has been contentious, amidst the pro and anti-apoptotic properties of eEF1A1, it was shown clearly, in this study that eEF1A1 portrays only anti-apoptotic property in the presence of pro-apoptotic protein, Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare D Akintade
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. .,Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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Akintade DD, Chaudhuri B. Sensing the Generation of Intracellular Free Electrons Using the Inactive Catalytic Subunit of Cytochrome P450s as a Sink. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20144050. [PMID: 32708163 PMCID: PMC7411652 DOI: 10.3390/s20144050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) abstracts electrons from Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate H (NADPH), transferring them to an active Cytochrome P450 (CYP) site to provide a functional CYP. In the present study, a yeast strain was genetically engineered to delete the endogenous CPR gene. A human CYP expressed in a CPR-null (yRD−) strain was inactive. It was queried if Bax—which induces apoptosis in yeast and human cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS)—substituted for the absence of CPR. Since Bax-generated ROS stems from an initial release of electrons, is it possible for these released electrons to be captured by an inactive CYP to make it active once again? In this study, yeast cells that did not contain any CPR activity (i.e., because the yeasts’ CPR gene was completely deleted) were used to show that (a) human CYPs produced within CPR-null (yRD-) yeast cells were inactive and (b) low levels of the pro-apoptotic human Bax protein could activate inactive human CYPs within this yeast cells. Surprisingly, Bax activated three inactive CYP proteins, confirming that it could compensate for CPR’s absence within yeast cells. These findings could be useful in research, development of bioassays, bioreactors, biosensors, and disease diagnosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare D. Akintade
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-07712452922
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
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Derf A, Sharma A, Bharate SB, Chaudhuri B. Corrigendum to “Aegeline, a natural product from the plant Aegle marmelos, mimics the yeast SNARE protein Sec22p in suppressing α-synuclein and Bax toxicity in yeast” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 29 (2019) 454–460]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2437-2438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Derf A, Mudududdla R, Bharate SB, Chaudhuri B. Inhibitors of Aβ42-induced endoplasmic reticular unfolded protein response (UPR ER), in yeast, also rescue yeast cells from Aβ42-mediated apoptosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 128:118-127. [PMID: 30502452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated Aβ peptides which cause amyloid deposits, a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD), activate a stress response in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as the unfolded protein response, UPRER. Nascent UPRER induction helps in reducing ER stress by eliminating accumulated misfolded/aggregated secretory proteins. However, prolonged UPRER induction may trigger apoptosis. Here we show that, when expressed in yeast with an NH2-terminal secretory signal sequence (ss), the 42-amino acid human Aβ42 (h_Aβ42), but not the mouse/ratAβ42 (m_Aβ42) which reportedly does not misfold/aggregate, induces UPRER as monitored via an eGFP reporter. We also show that expression of ss-h_Aβ42, not ss-m_Aβ42, blocks yeast cell growth, with cells expressing ss-h_Aβ42 manifesting distinctive features of apoptosis such as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in ROS levels and DNA fragmentation. Screening for suppressors of ss-h_Aβ42-activated UPRER-eGFP induction, in a computationally-designed 29-compound methoxy-stilbene library, revealed three compounds that reduce >95% of UPRER-eGFP induction at 5 μM concentration, with EC50 values of 40-50 nM. Surprisingly, the compounds also rescue yeast cells from ss-h_Aβ42-mediated apoptosis, with EC50-s of 50-60 nM. These results provide direct evidence, probably for the first time, that there is a direct correlation between deactivation of UPRER and attenuation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Derf
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Ramesh Mudududdla
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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Derf A, Verekar SA, Jain SK, Deshmukh SK, Bharate SB, Chaudhuri B. Radicicol rescues yeast cell death triggered by expression of human α-synuclein and its A53T mutant, but not by human βA4 peptide and proapoptotic protein bax. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:152-158. [PMID: 30612081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation/misfolding of α-synuclein and βA4 proteins cause neuronal cell death (NCD) associated with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. It has been suggested that a heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) inhibitor can prevent NCD by activating the heat shock transcription factor-1 which, in turn, upregulates molecular chaperones such as Hsp70 that targets aggregated/misfolded proteins for refolding/degradation. We have isolated radicicol, an Hsp90 inhibitor, from a fungus occurring in the crevices of marble rocks of Central India. Radicicol, which was found to be a strong antioxidant, was tested for its ability to rescue yeast cells from death induced by expression of wild-type α-synuclein, its more toxic A53T mutant, and βA4. It effectively overcomes wild-type/mutant α-synuclein mediated yeast cell death, concomitantly diminishes ROS levels, reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and prevents nuclear DNA-fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis. Surprisingly however, radicicol is unable to rescue yeast cells from death triggered by expression of secreted βA4. Moreover, although radicicol acts as an antioxidant it fails to prevent yeast cell death inflicted by the proapoptotic protein, Bax. Our results indicate that radicicol specifically targets aggregated/misfolded α-synuclein's toxicity and opens up the possibility of using multiple yeast assays to screen natural product libraries for compounds that would unambiguously target α-synuclein aggregation/misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Derf
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Shilpa A Verekar
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai 400 063, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sunil K Deshmukh
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai 400 063, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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Derf A, Sharma A, Bharate SB, Chaudhuri B. Aegeline, a natural product from the plant Aegle marmelos, mimics the yeast SNARE protein Sec22p in suppressing α-synuclein and Bax toxicity in yeast. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:454-460. [PMID: 30579794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have identified yeast Sec22p (ySec22p), a SNARE protein essential for endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi trafficking, as a suppressor of Bax-induced yeast apoptosis and corroborated published observations that ySec22p suppresses α-synuclein's toxicity in yeast. It has been suggested that compounds which enhance expression, in neurons, of human homologues of ySec22p (Sec22Bp/Sec22p/Sec22A) would prevent synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease. With the aim of finding a small molecule that would mimic ySec22p, a library of natural products consisting of 394-compounds was screened using yeast cells that express either human α-synuclein or human Bax. The antioxidant aegeline, an alkaloid-amide occurring in the leaves of the plant Aegle marmelos Correa, was the only molecule that overcame apoptosis induced by both α-synuclein and Bax in yeast. Besides, aegeline also prevented growth block in cells expressing the more toxic A53T α-synuclein mutant. Restoration of cell growth occurred through inhibition of increased ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential loss and nuclear DNA fragmentation, characteristics of apoptosis manifested in α-synuclein or Bax-expressing cells. These results highlight the importance of yeast systems to identify rapidly molecules that may prevent the onset of apoptosis that occurs in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Derf
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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