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Kedia R, Khatak M, Balkhandia M, Patra A. Electrochemical copolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and dithienothiophene: influence of feed ratio on electrical, optical and electrochromic properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11334-11349. [PMID: 38590353 PMCID: PMC11000263 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08729h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing a copolymer is an efficient and alternative method to generate new chemical and physical properties compared to parent homopolymers without complex synthesis and structural modification. We herein report the electrochemical deposition of copolymer using two monomers 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene (DTT). Three different copolymers P[EDOT-co-DTT] were synthesized by using different feed ratios of monomers (EDOT and DTT molar ratios in solution are 2 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2) in acetonitrile containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAClO4) as a supporting electrolyte. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the obtained copolymers. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was used to estimate the composition of EDOT and DTT units in copolymers. The electrochemical and morphological properties were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In situ spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic studies were performed to investigate the optical and switching properties of the resultant copolymers. The homopolymers poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polydithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene (PDTT) were also prepared using similar electrochemical conditions and made comparisons where applicable. Computational calculations were done to understand the structure and energy levels of these polymers. It was found that these copolymers P[EDOT-co-DTT] show new properties as compared to homopolymers PEDOT and PDTT for organic electronic applications. Interesting to note that the resultant copolymers display the property of tunable electrochromism with improved transmittance and redox color change between the neutral and oxidized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Kedia
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Manisha Khatak
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Manisha Balkhandia
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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2
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Bhardwaj D, Gupta S, Mishra A, Singhal S, Shahjad, Balkhandia M, Sharma R, Patra A. Facile synthesis and polymerization of dibromo-bis-EDOT and its side-chain decorated dimer: an effective approach from dimer species. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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3
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Nasrollahpour H, Khalilzadeh B, Hasanzadeh M, Rahbarghazi R, Estrela P, Naseri A, Tasoglu S, Sillanpää M. Nanotechnology‐based electrochemical biosensors for monitoring breast cancer biomarkers. Med Res Rev 2022; 43:464-569. [PMID: 36464910 DOI: 10.1002/med.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is categorized as the most widespread cancer type among women globally. On-time diagnosis can decrease the mortality rate by making the right decision in the therapy procedure. These features lead to a reduction in medication time and socioeconomic burden. The current review article provides a comprehensive assessment for breast cancer diagnosis using nanomaterials and related technologies. Growing use of the nano/biotechnology domain in terms of electrochemical nanobiosensor designing was discussed in detail. In this regard, recent advances in nanomaterial applied for amplified biosensing methodologies were assessed for breast cancer diagnosis by focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. We also monitored designing methods, advantages, and the necessity of suitable (nano) materials from a statistical standpoint. The main objective of this review is to classify the applicable biosensors based on breast cancer biomarkers. With numerous nano-sized platforms published for breast cancer diagnosis, this review tried to collect the most suitable methodologies for detecting biomarkers and certain breast cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasrollahpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Applied Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Abdolhossein Naseri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM) Rumeli Feneri, Sarıyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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4
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Cansu Ergun EG, Akbayrak M. Hunting black color via absorption engineering: EDOT and thiophene-benzothiadiazole based black-to-transmissive copolymer and its electrochromic device application. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Baby AM, Savitha DP, Sreekumar K. Theoretical Design, Synthesis, Solvatochromic Studies and Non‐Linear Optical Properties of 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene and 3,4‐ Propylenedioxythiophene based Copolymers. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Maria Baby
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi-22, Kerala India
| | - D. P. Savitha
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi-22, Kerala India
| | - Krishnapillai Sreekumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi-22, Kerala India
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6
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Aivali S, Yuan P, Panidi J, Georgiadou DG, Prodromakis T, Kallitsis JK, Keivanidis PE, Andreopoulou AK. Electron Transporting Perylene Diimide-Based Random Terpolymers with Variable Co-Monomer Feed Ratio: A Route to All-Polymer-Based Photodiodes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio- Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Peisen Yuan
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou str., Limassol 3041, CYPRUS
| | - Julianna Panidi
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Building 53 (Mountbatten), Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitra G. Georgiadou
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Building 53 (Mountbatten), Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Themis Prodromakis
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Building 53 (Mountbatten), Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio- Patras GR26504, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Panagiotis E. Keivanidis
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou str., Limassol 3041, CYPRUS
| | - Aikaterini K. Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio- Patras GR26504, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
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7
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Ogawa K, Umetsu Y, Kamimura K. Changes in the absorption spectra and colour of tetraphenylporphyrins after redox reactions. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820910915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the electrochromic properties including the change in absorption spectra and colour after oxidation and reduction reactions of tetraphenylporphyrin and its metal complexes in dichloromethane. The first oxidation potential is determined from CV measurements, and the reduction potential is estimated from comparison with literature values. Electrolytic reactions are carried out by applying the oxidation potential and reduction potential to each sample solution. The metals used are Ag(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mg(II), Mn(III), Ni(II) and Zn(II). Various colours can be expressed after the redox reactions by changing the central metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ogawa
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yuria Umetsu
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamimura
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
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Sparks NE, Ranathunge TA, Attanayake NH, Brodgon P, Delcamp JH, Rajapakse RMG, Watkins DL. Electrochemical Copolymerization of Isoindigo‐Based Donor‐Acceptor Polymers with Intrinsically Enhanced Conductivity and Near‐Infrared‐II Activity. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Sparks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | - Tharindu A. Ranathunge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | | | - Phillip Brodgon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | | | - Davita L. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
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9
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Singhal S, Patra A. Benzothiadiazole bridged EDOT based donor-acceptor polymers with tunable optical, electrochemical, morphological and electrochromic performance: effects of solvents and electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14527-14536. [PMID: 32578623 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01884h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers have been widely studied for their tunable electronic properties, however, it is surprising that systematic studies on the effect of different solvents and electrolytes on their opto-electrochemical, morphological and electrochromic performance have drawn only little attention. In the presented work, nine different D-A polymer films, poly(4,7-di(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole) (a-i-P1), were electrosynthesised using different polar solvents (PC, MeCN and DCM) and supporting electrolytes (TBAPF6, TBAClO4 and TBABF4). A thorough study of these D-A polymer films using cyclic voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, FE-SEM, spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic techniques has been performed. We found a significant effect of both the supporting electrolytes and solvents on the morphology of polymer films which correlates well with their opto-electronic properties. Films prepared using the TBAClO4/PC system show a smooth morphology with a significantly high coloration efficiency of 264 cm2 C-1 and an optical contrast of 65.3%. Such differences in the optical and electrochemical properties of polymer films were explained by the ion pair formation during polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Singhal
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Jarosz T, Stolarczyk A, Glosz K. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Copolymers Bearing π-Conjugated Systems and Methods for the Identification of their Structure. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200221112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this review is to summarise the most recent progress in the electrochemical synthesis
of copolymers from conjugated co-monomers. The main approaches to electrochemical copolymerisation
are highlighted and various trends in the development of new copolymer materials and the intended directions
of their applications are explored. The article includes a discussion of various Authors’ approaches to investigate
the structure of the obtained products, indicating the key points of interest and the importance of comprehensive
identification of the products of electrochemical polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karolina Glosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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11
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Gupta S, Patra A. Facile polymerization method for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and related polymers using iodine vapour. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03923f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple polymerization at room temperature using iodine vapour for preparation of PEDOT and PProDOT and their soluble derivatives in neat form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gupta
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg
- India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg
- India
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12
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Yadav P, Patra A. Recent advances in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene) and related polymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent progress in synthesis, properties, applications and future outlook of PEDOS based conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Yadav
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
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13
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Yadav P, Naqvi S, Patra A. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene): effect of solvent and electrolyte on electrodeposition, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12395-12406. [PMID: 35497597 PMCID: PMC9051055 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report the effect of electropolymerization conditions such as solvent and supporting electrolyte on the redox, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties of PEDOS. Monomer EDOS was synthesized by new and simple route and its electropolymerization was investigated by employing six different combinations of solvent–electrolyte namely TBAClO4/MeCN, TBAPF6/MeCN, TBABF4/MeCN, TBAClO4/PC, TBAPF6/PC and TBABF4/PC. Further, the electrochemical, spectroelectrochemistry, morphology and electrochromic properties of resultant PEDOS films were systematically studied. A pronounced effect of both solvent and supporting electrolyte on the electropolymerization, redox, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties on PEDOS film is noted. Among all solvent–electrolyte systems, MeCN and TBAClO4 were found to be the most suitable medium for electropolymerization of EDOS. Further, PEDOS films prepared in PC showed red shifted absorption maxima, narrow absorption peaks in UV-vis-NIR spectra, slightly more smooth morphologies, and high optical contrasts ratio and coloration efficiency in comparison to MeCN. PEDOS films prepared in TBABF4/PC exhibited longer λmax (670 nm), smooth morphology, and the highest optical contrasts ratio (44.6%) and coloration efficiency (141.8 cm2 C−1) compared to the other solvent–electrolyte medium. In this article, we report the effect of electropolymerization conditions such as solvent and supporting electrolyte on the redox, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties of PEDOS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Yadav
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Sheerin Naqvi
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
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Singhal S, Patra A. Layer-by-layer versus copolymer: Opto-electrochemical properties of 1,3,5-Tris(N-carbazolyl)benzene and EDOT based polymers. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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