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Wolf AT, Stammer A. Chemical Recycling of Silicones-Current State of Play (Building and Construction Focus). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2220. [PMID: 39125246 PMCID: PMC11314909 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As the demand for silicone polymers continues to grow across various industries, the need for effective recycling methods has become increasingly important, because recycling silicone products reduces landfill waste, conserves resources, and uses less energy. Chemical recycling involves the depolymerization of silicone waste into oligomers, which can then be used to produce virgin-grade silicone. While this sector of the recycling industry is still in its infancy-we estimate that 35,000 to 45,000 metric tons of silicone waste will be chemically recycled worldwide in 2024-an increasing number of companies are beginning to explore the implementation of closed-loop systems to recycle silicones. This article examines the technical options and challenges for recycling silicone polymers, the major degradation chemistries available for depolymerizing silicones, and the current industrial reality of chemical recycling of silicones.
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2
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Warner MJ, Kopatz JW, Schafer DP, Kustas J, Sawyer PS, Grillet AM, Jones BH, Ghosh K. A robust depolymerization route for polysiloxanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1188-1191. [PMID: 38193881 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05509d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A versatile, robust, and stable tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate (TBAT) catalyst has been deployed for efficient depolymerization of silicones. This catalyst is soluble in a variety of organic solvents and is stable up to 170 °C, enabling a wide range of reaction conditions under which F--catalysed siloxane bond cleavage can be initiated. This effort offers significant advancement overcoming the traditional limitations of silicone depolymerization, such as high catalyst loading, storage and handling, and few viable reaction media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Warner
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Jessica W Kopatz
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - David P Schafer
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Jessica Kustas
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Patricia S Sawyer
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Anne M Grillet
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Brad H Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
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3
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Suzuki M, Hayashi T, Hikino T, Kishi M, Matsuno T, Wada H, Kuroda K, Shimojima A. Integrated Extrinsic and Intrinsic Self-Healing of Polysiloxane Materials by Cleavable Molecular Cages Encapsulating Fluoride Ions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303655. [PMID: 37505433 PMCID: PMC10520642 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing ability is crucial to increasing the lifetime and reliability of materials. In this study, spatiotemporal control of the healing of a polysiloxane material is achieved using a cleavable cage compound encapsulating a fluoride ion (F- ), which triggeres the dynamic rearrangement of the siloxane (Si-O-Si) networks. A self-healing siloxane-based elastomer is prepared by cross-linking polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a F- -encapsulating cage-type germoxane (Ge-O-Ge) compound. This material can self-heal repeatedly under humid conditions. The F- released by hydrolytic cleavage of the cage framework contributes to rejoining of the cut pieces by promoting the local rearrangement of the siloxane networks. The use of a molecular cage encapsulating a catalyst for dynamic bond rearrangement provides a new concept for designing self-healing polysiloxane materials based on integrated extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Suzuki
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐8555Japan
| | - Taiki Hayashi
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐8555Japan
| | - Takuya Hikino
- Department of Advanced Science and EngineeringFaculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐8555Japan
| | - Masafumi Kishi
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐8555Japan
| | - Takamichi Matsuno
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐8555Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and TechnologyWaseda University2‐8‐26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐0051Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wada
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐8555Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and TechnologyWaseda University2‐8‐26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐0051Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroda
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐8555Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and TechnologyWaseda University2‐8‐26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐0051Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimojima
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐8555Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and TechnologyWaseda University2‐8‐26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo169‐0051Japan
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4
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Oh MH, Kim YH, Lee SM, Hwang GS, Kim KS, Kim YN, Bae JY, Kim JY, Lee JY, Kim YC, Kim SY, Kang SK. Lifetime-configurable soft robots via photodegradable silicone elastomer composites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9962. [PMID: 37624899 PMCID: PMC10456849 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing soft robots that can control their own life cycle and degrade on-demand while maintaining hyperelasticity is a notable research challenge. On-demand degradable soft robots, which conserve their original functionality during operation and rapidly degrade under specific external stimulation, present the opportunity to self-direct the disappearance of temporary robots. This study proposes soft robots and materials that exhibit excellent mechanical stretchability and can degrade under ultraviolet light by mixing a fluoride-generating diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate with a silicone resin. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the mechanism of Si─O─Si backbone cleavage using fluoride ion (F-) and thermal analysis indicated accelerated decomposition at elevated temperatures. In addition, we demonstrated a robotics application by fabricating electronics integrated gaiting robot and a fully closed-loop trigger disintegration robot for autonomous, application-oriented functionalities. This study provides a simple yet novel strategy for designing life cycle mimicking soft robotics that can be applied to reduce soft robotics waste, explore hazardous areas, and ensure hardware security with on-demand destructive material platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ha Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Seok Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sub Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Nam Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT Foundry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Boronic ester-based vitrimeric methylvinyl silicone elastomer with “solid-liquid” feature and rate-dependent mechanical performance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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6
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Elmanovich IV, Sizov VE, Zefirov VV, Kalinina AA, Gallyamov MO, Papkov VS, Muzafarov AM. Chemical Recycling of High-Molecular-Weight Organosilicon Compounds in Supercritical Fluids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5170. [PMID: 36501564 PMCID: PMC9738714 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main known patterns of thermal and/or catalytic destruction of high-molecular-weight organosilicon compounds are considered from the viewpoint of the prospects for processing their wastes. The advantages of using supercritical fluids in plastic recycling are outlined. They are related to a high diffusion rate, efficient extraction of degradation products, the dependence of solvent properties on pressure and temperature, etc. A promising area for further research is described concerning the application of supercritical fluids for processing the wastes of organosilicon macromolecular compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Elmanovich
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor E. Sizov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Zefirov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Kalinina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat O. Gallyamov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Papkov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aziz M. Muzafarov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Farcaş‐Johnson MA, Kyne SH, Webster RL. Dehydrocoupling Polymerization: Poly(silylether) Synthesis by Using an Iron β-Diketiminate Catalyst. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201642. [PMID: 35856289 PMCID: PMC9826106 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe the iron-catalyzed polymerizations of diol and silane monomers to obtain fourteen different poly(silylether) products with number average molecular weights (Mn ) up to 36.3 kDa. The polymerization reactions developed in this study are operationally simple and applicable to 1° and 2° silane monomer substrates and a range of benzylic and aliphatic diol substrates as well as one polyol example. The polymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy, DSC and TGA and, where solubility allowed, 1 H, 13 C{1 H}, 29 Si{1 H} NMR spectroscopies, GPC and MALDI-TOF were also employed. The materials obtained displayed low Tg values (-70.6 to 19.1 °C) and were stable upon heating up to T-5%,Ar 421.6 °C. A trend in T-5%,Ar was observed whereby use of a 2° silane leads to higher T-5%,Ar compared to those obtained using a 1° silane. Reaction monitoring was undertaken by in situ gas evolution studies coupled with GPC analysis to follow the progression of chain-length growth which confirmed a condensation polymerization-type mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela A. Farcaş‐Johnson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathUK
- School of ChemistryMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Sara H. Kyne
- School of ChemistryMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathUK
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8
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Bian P, McCarthy TJ. Hemisilicone Elastomers That Are Recyclable to the Monomer. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1245-1251. [PMID: 36227579 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methyl-, vinyl-, and hydride-terminated polymers of the heterocyclic monomer, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-disila-1-oxacyclopentane (c-M2E) were prepared by sulfuric acid-catalyzed, ring-opening equilibration with the end-capping agents hexamethyldisiloxane (MM), divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (MVMV), and tetramethyldisiloxane (MHMH), respectively. The molecular weights of the polymers were controlled by adjusting the ratio of monomer to end-capping agent. All of these polymers are oils and exhibit molecular weight-dependent viscosities that are qualitatively similar to those of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based analogs prepared by the same reaction using octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) instead of c-M2E. Vinyl end-capped polymers with a range of molecular weights were cross-linked by platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation with tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (DH4) to prepare a series of transparent solid elastomers with moduli that increase with decreasing molecular weight. These studies suggest that reactive polymers prepared from c-M2E may be useful resins in two-part curable elastomer formulations. Several experiments, as well as the over 60-year-old initial synthesis of this polymer, suggest that the recyclability of these resins and elastomers may be practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Bian
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas J McCarthy
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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9
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Cong Y, Li Z, Bian P, McCarthy TJ. Isomeric Silicones: Reactive Phenylsilsesquioxane-Based MT Resins and Comments Concerning the Structure of the Phenylsilsesquioxane Homopolymer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cong
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Pei Bian
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas J. McCarthy
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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10
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HAJJ R, BRUNEL R, SONNIER R, LONGUET C, GANACHAUD F. Silicone-recycled pyrolyzed fillers for enhanced thermal - and flame - resistant silicone elastomers. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Sun C, Wang D, Xu C, Chen W, Zhang Z. Comparative study on polysilazane and silicone resins as high-temperature-resistant coatings. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211069041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-temperature-resistant coatings is crucial, which demands a new adhesive resin owing to harsh service conditions. In this work, the structural evolution and basic performance of three different polysilazanes with a Si–N backbone are studied, which is further compared to a typical silicone resin with a Si–O backbone. Experimental results show that polysilazanes with different structures undergo a two-step oxidation process with a residual weight higher than 77% in comparison to the one-step degradation of silicone with a weight loss higher than 47% at 800°C under flowing air atmosphere. Additionally, the decrease in thickness of polysilazane-resin coating is below 50%, while that of the silicone-resin coating is higher than 77%, which affords a crack- and defect-free morphology in polysilazanes and blistering and particle aggregation in the silicone after a temperature treatment at 800°C. Thus, our study demonstrates that polysilazanes are potential alternative choices as resin adhesives for high-temperature-resistant coatings rather than silicone-based resins, in extremely harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Xu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongbo Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Laine RM. Unconventional Conjugation in macromonomers and polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10596-10618. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03968k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple reviews have been written concerning conjugated macromonomers and polymers both as general descriptions and for specific applications. In most examples, conjugation occurs via elec-tronic communication via continuous overlap of...
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13
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Xu Y, Guo M, Lu S, Wei Z, Feng S. Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(sulfone siloxane)s with good solubility and recyclability based on siloxane units. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A controllable circulation between poly(sulfone siloxane)s (PSS) and sulfone-containing cyclosiloxane monomers (SCS) was acheived in the presence of KHSO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials & Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250199, P. R. China
| | - Mengdong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials & Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250199, P. R. China
| | - Shilong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials & Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250199, P. R. China
| | - Zengyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials & Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250199, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials & Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Silicone Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250199, P. R. China
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14
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Rupasinghe B, Furgal JC. Degradation of silicone‐based materials as a driving force for recyclability. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buddhima Rupasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA
| | - Joseph C Furgal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA
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15
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Petrus R, Utko J, Gniłka R, Fleszar MG, Lis T, Sobota P. Solvothermal Alcoholysis Method for Recycling High-Consistency Silicone Rubber Waste. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Petrus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Utko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Radosław Gniłka
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 147 Stablowicka, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz G. Fleszar
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 147 Stablowicka, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobota
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 147 Stablowicka, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
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16
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Protsak I, Gun’ko V, Morozov Y, Henderson IM, Zhang D, Yinjun Z, Turov V. Intermediates of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane and dimethyl carbonate pave the way for deeper organosiloxane depolymerization reactions. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Saito Y, Wang L, Zheng P, Bian P, McCarthy TJ. A Different Silica Surface: Radical Oxidation of Poly(methylsilsesquioxane) Thin Films and Particles (Tospearl). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10110-10119. [PMID: 32787059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces that exhibit the reactivity of silica toward surface modification (silanol condensation) were prepared by treating thin films and particles of poly(methylsilsesquioxane) with aqueous potassium persulfate at elevated temperature. Parallel experiments were carried out using a highly cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane). Advancing (θA) and receding (θR) water contact angles for all of these oxidized surfaces were θA/θR = ∼10/∼0°, and these low values remain unchanged for months. Reactions of these silica-like surfaces with a range of functional silane reagents indicate that the surface silanol concentration is sufficient to prepare covalently attached monolayers of similar surface density to those prepared using silicon wafers as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Saito
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Peiwen Zheng
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Pei Bian
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas J McCarthy
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Hu NH, Furgal JC. R-Silsesquioxane-Based Network Polymers by Fluoride Catalyzed Synthesis: An Investigation of Cross-Linker Structure and Its Influence on Porosity. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081849. [PMID: 32326565 PMCID: PMC7215510 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Silsesquioxane-based networks are an important class of materials that have many applications where high thermal/oxidative stability and porosity are needed simultaneously. However, there is a great desire to be able to design these materials for specialized applications in environmental remediation and medicine. To do so requires a simple synthesis method to make materials with expanded functionalities. In this article, we explore the synthesis of R-silsesquioxane-based porous networks by fluoride catalysis containing methyl, phenyl and vinyl corners (R-Si(OEt)3) combined with four different bis-triethoxysilyl cross-linkers (ethyl, ethylene, acetylene and hexyl). Synthesized materials were then analyzed for their porosity, surface area, thermal stability and general structure. We found that when a specified cage corner (i.e., methyl) is compared across all cross-linkers in two different solvent systems (dichloromethane and acetonitrile), pore size distributions are consistent with cross-linker length, pore sizes tended to be larger and π-bond-containing cross-linkers reduced overall microporosity. Changing to larger cage corners for each of the cross-linkers tended to show decreases in overall surface area, except when both corners and cross-linkers contained π-bonds. These studies will enable further understanding of post-synthesis modifiable silsesquioxane networks.
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