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Yu H, Tian P, Han N, Li M, Wang M. Nitrogen Atom Induced Contrast Effect on the Mechanofluorochromic Characteristics of Anthracene-Based Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Fluorescent Molecules. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300712. [PMID: 37735950 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanofluorochromic (MFC) characteristics of anthracene-based acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) fluorescent molecules are explored through a comprehensive investigation of their photophysical behaviors. Six 9,10-diheteroarylanthracene derivatives with varying acceptor groups (pyridin-4-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyrazinyl and quinoxalinyl) are synthesized and systematically characterized. The photophysical properties in both solution and solid-state are examined, revealing subtle yet significant influences of the spatial arrangement and number of nitrogen atoms within the acceptor group on fluorescence emission. Single-crystal structures of these compounds provide insights into their steric configurations and intermolecular packing modes, offering valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms that underlie the observed MFC properties. This study illuminates the intricate interplay between MFC properties and the refined molecular structure, thus presenting promising avenues for the design and advancement of novel MFC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Peiyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ningxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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2
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Naked-Eye Optical Recognition of Ammonia Vapor and Melamine in Water Using a Fluorophore Appended Polymer Matrix. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:373-381. [PMID: 36422820 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of solid-state emitters is a challenge due to the intrinsic aggregation-caused quenching feature of the fluorophores. A conformationally twisted pyridyl π-conjugate as a solid-state emitter is appended with well-known and inexpensive poly(methylmethacrylate) [PMMA] to afford a handy, portable, and reusable solid-state emitting polymer matrix. Entrapment of the probe is noticed through non-covalent interactions, resulting in a green-emitting platform. It quickly accepts a proton upon acid vapor exposure and switches emission from green to red with a significant 107 nm redshift. This shift is reversible with red to green emissions while exposed to base vapor. Thus, polymer-blended, homogeneous red-emitting pyridyl salt is employed as potential material to detect various basic vapors optically. Among different bases, naked-eye detection of essential analytes such as ammonia vapor and melamine shows potential demands. Hence, we have established an easy detection of ammonia vapor and aqueous melamine as low as 2.5 and 0.126 ppm, respectively, using this solid-state emitter that displays an emission color change with an enhancement of emission intensity even in an aqueous solution.
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Sun YL, Wang Z, Ren C, Zhang J, Zhang H, Zhang C, Tang BZ. Highly Emissive Organic Cage in Single-Molecule and Aggregate States by Anchoring Multiple Aggregation-Caused Quenching Dyes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53567-53574. [PMID: 36413752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It remains a great challenge to design and synthesize organic luminescent molecules with strong emission in both dilute solution and aggregate state. Herein, an organic cage with dodecadansyl groups (D-RCC1) from an easy sulfonation reaction displays strong emissive behavior in dilute organic solution with a quantum yield of 42%. Moreover, D-RCC1 exhibits an ultrahigh quantum yield of 92% in the solid state, which is more than 3 times that of 27% for the model compound D-DEA. The results of the experiment and theoretical calculation show that the three-dimensional symmetrical skeleton of the organic cage anchored evenly by multiple dye molecules effectively satisfies both high local density and a symmetrical distribution of chromophores, which prevents the interaction of dye molecules and ensures that dye molecules have strong emission in both single-molecule and aggregate states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, People's Republic of China
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Three-arm star-shaped aniline derivatives: Tunable photoluminescence, aggregation-induced emission and reversible acid-base vapor fluorescence response. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kong X, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Li S, Jia Y, Li R, Liu Y, Xie Z. Specific Tumor Cell Detection by a Metabolically Targeted Aggregation-Induced Emission-Based Gold Nanoprobe. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18073-18084. [PMID: 35664593 PMCID: PMC9161387 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could be widely used for early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of tumor progression in liquid biopsy samples. Compared with normal cells, tumor cells exhibit relatively strong negative surface charges due to the high rate of glycolysis. In this study, a cationic fluorescence "turn-on" aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoprobe based on gold nanorods (GNRs) was designed and tested to detect tumor cells specifically. In brief, tetraphenylethene (TPE), an AIE dye, was conjugated to the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) yielding TPEI. TPEI-PEG-SH was obtained by further functionalizing TPEI with a thiol group. TPEI-PEG-SH was grafted to the surface of GNRs, yielding the cationic AIE nanoprobe, named as GNRs-PEG-TPEI. The nanoprobe was characterized to have a uniform particle size of 172 nm, a strong positive surface charge (+54.87 mV), and a surface modification load of ∼40%. The in vitro stability of GNRs-PEG-TPEI was verified. The cellular imaging results demonstrated that the nanoprobe could efficiently recognize several types of tumor cells including MCF-7, HepG2, and Caco-2 while exhibiting specific fluorescence signals only after interacting with tumor cells and minimal background interference. In addition, the study investigated the toxicity of the nanoprobe to the captured cells and proved the safety of the nanoprobe. In conclusion, a specific and efficient nanoprobe was developed for capture and detection of different types of tumor cells based on their unique metabolic characteristics. It holds great promise for achieving early diagnosis and monitoring the tumor progression by detecting the CTCs in clinical liquid biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Siju Li
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Bhuin S, Roy S, Chakraborty C, Chakravarty M. Emission enhancement in twisted pyridyl salt using Montmorillonite nanoclay by intercalation and surface-fixation process. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boosting the fluorescence (FL) intensity for a weak/nonemissive molecule is a challenge. This work describes the improvement of FL intensity for a nonemissive conformationally twisted π-conjugated pyridyl salt. This pyridyl...
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Mukherjee A, Bhattacharya S, Chakravarty M. An unprecedented pyridine-based dinuclear mixed-valent Re I/VII oxo-bridged complex: a solvatochromic and AIE-active probe for nanomolar detection of picric acid and trinitrotoluene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9144-9157. [PMID: 34115088 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of an unprecedented oxo-bridged rheniumI/VII (Re) complex by treating Re2(CO)10 with a pyridyl-linked anthracene-based twisted π-conjugated ligand. The molecular structures of both the ligand and the complex are determined by analyzing IR, NMR, and HR-MS spectra and unequivocally determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Unlike previous observations, the complexation occurs uniquely to yield an unprecedented oxo-bridged ReI/VII complex. Such a complex is uncommon, and in most cases, Re(vii) appears as the ReO4- counter ion. The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature could have been achieved from this conformationally twisted ligand, but the emission of the ligand was quenched in the aggregated state. The complex exhibited solvatofluorochromic properties with a faint emission. The emission intensity significantly (∼6 times) increased in DMF after the addition of a water fraction of 90%, resulting in a bright orange emission. The AIE is mainly caused by restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) and is supported by the polarity and viscosity effects. The nanoaggregate formation is captured by SEM, and DLS studies were used to determine the average particle size. After the complexation, the ligand becomes more rigid, and the RIR effect becomes prominent facilitating the AIE effect. The electron-rich aggregate's intense orange emission was used for the selective and sensitive detection of picric acid (PA) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at nanomolar levels amongst other nitroaromatics through emission quenching. The detailed mechanistic studies reveal the active role of dynamic quenching and complementary photo-induced electron transfer between the probe and TNT or PA. The easy electron transfer process from the electron-rich to the electron-poor system is confirmed by calculating the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of the associated levels. The application is further extended for on-site PA and TNT detection by permeating the probe on a paper and detected at 10-3 M concentration with the naked eye. The PA/TNT detection efficiency is also confirmed by mixing PA or TNT with soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atasi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
| | | | - Manab Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
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Rodrigues ACB, Seixas de Melo JS. Aggregation-Induced Emission: From Small Molecules to Polymers-Historical Background, Mechanisms and Photophysics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:15. [PMID: 33725207 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The enhancement of photoluminescence through formation of molecular aggregates in organic oligomers and conjugated organic polymers is reviewed. A historical contextualization of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena is presented. This includes the loose bolt or free rotor effect and J-aggregation phenomena, and discusses their characteristic features, including structures and mechanisms. The basis of both effects is examined in key molecules, with a particular emphasis on the AIE effect occurring in conjugated organic polymers with a polythiophene (PT) skeleton with triphenylethylene (TPE) units. Rigidification of the excited state structure is one of the defining conditions required to obtain AIE, and thus, by changing from a flexible ground state to rigid (quinoidal-like) structures, oligo and PTs are among the most promising emerging molecules alongside with the more extensively used TPE derivatives. Molecular structures moving away from the domination of aggregation-caused quenching to AIE are presented. Future perspectives for the rational design of AIEgen structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara B Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Pratihar S, Bhattacharyya A, Prasad E. Achieving ACQ-AIE modulation using isostructural organic fluorophores. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Mukherjee A, Chakravarty M. Regioisomeric monopyridine-functionalized triarylethene: small AIEgens with isomeric effect and an efficient platform for the selective and sensitive detection of Pd2+ and Fe3+. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regioisomeric monopyridine functionalized triarylethenes are established as small AIEgens. These compounds are utilized to detect Fe+3 and Pd+2 selectively in nM range. The detection is further extended for the on-site applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atasi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus
- Jawaharnagar
- Shamirpet
- India
| | - Manab Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus
- Jawaharnagar
- Shamirpet
- India
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