1
|
Vinogradov MI, Golova LK, Makarov IS, Bondarenko GN, Levin IS, Arkharova NA, Kulichikhin VG. Transformation of Specific Dispersion Interactions between Cellulose and Polyacrylonitrile in Solutions into Covalent Interactions in Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5843. [PMID: 37687536 PMCID: PMC10489092 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Morphological transformations in emulsions of cellulose and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ternary copolymers containing acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and methylsulfonate comonomers in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide were studied over the entire range of concentrations depending on temperature and intensity of the deformation action. Based on the morphological and rheological features of the system, the temperature-concentration range of spinnability of mixed solutions was determined, and composite fibers were spun. The fibers are characterized by a heterogeneous fibrillar texture. Studies of the structure of the fibers, carried out using X-ray diffraction analysis, revealed a decrease in cellulose crystallinity with an increase in the content of PAN. The study of the thermal properties of the obtained fibers, carried out using DSC, and chemical transformations in them in a wide temperature range by high-temperature diffuse reflection IR spectroscopy made it possible to reveal a new intense exothermic peak on the thermograms at 360 °C, which according to the IR spectra corresponds to the transformation of intermacromolecular physical interactions of the PAN and cellulose into covalent bonds between polymers. In addition, the ester groups found during the thermal treatment of the PAN part of the composite fibers in the pyrolysis zone can have a key effect on the process of their further carbonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markel I. Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Lyudmila K. Golova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Igor S. Makarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Galina N. Bondarenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Ivan S. Levin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Natalia A. Arkharova
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Research Center Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valery G. Kulichikhin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salas A, Berrio ME, Martel S, Díaz-Gómez A, Palacio DA, Tuninetti V, Medina C, Meléndrez MF. Towards recycling of waste carbon fiber: Strength, morphology and structural features of recovered carbon fibers. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 165:59-69. [PMID: 37086657 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber is one of the most widely used materials in high demand applications due to its high specific properties, however, its post-recycling properties limit its use to low performance applications. In this research, the carbon fiber recovering is examined using two methods: two-step pyrolysis and microwave-assisted thermolysis. The results indicate that the fibers recovered by pyrolysis show reduced surface and structural damage, maintaining the original mechanical properties of the fiber with losses below 5%. The fibers recovered by microwaves undergo significant surface changes that reduce their tensile strength by up to 60% and changes in their graphitic structure, increasing their degree of crystallinity by Raman index ID/IG from 1.98 to 2.86 and their amorphous degree by ID"/IG ratio from 0.411 to 1.599. Recovering fibers from microwave technique is 70% faster compared to two step pyrolysis, and provides recycled fibers with superior surface activation with the presence of polar functional groups -OH, -CO, and -CH that react with the epoxy matrix. The thermal, morphological, structural and mechanical characterizations of the recovered fibers detailed in this work provide valuable findings to evaluate their direct reuse in new composite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Salas
- Interdisciplinary Group of Applied Nanotechnology (GINA), Hybrid Materials Laboratory (HML), Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, Concepcion 4070409, Chile; Department of Mechanical Engineering (DIM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, 219 Edmundo Larenas, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
| | - M E Berrio
- Interdisciplinary Group of Applied Nanotechnology (GINA), Hybrid Materials Laboratory (HML), Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
| | - S Martel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (DIM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, 219 Edmundo Larenas, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
| | - A Díaz-Gómez
- Interdisciplinary Group of Applied Nanotechnology (GINA), Hybrid Materials Laboratory (HML), Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
| | - Daniel A Palacio
- Department of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - V Tuninetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - C Medina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (DIM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, 219 Edmundo Larenas, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
| | - M F Meléndrez
- Interdisciplinary Group of Applied Nanotechnology (GINA), Hybrid Materials Laboratory (HML), Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, Concepcion 4070409, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carbon nanofibre microfiltration membranes tailored by oxygen plasma for electrocatalytic wastewater treatment in cross-flow reactors. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
4
|
Development of Porous-Polyacrylonitrile-Based Fibers Using Nanocellulose Additives as Precursor for Carbon Fiber Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030565. [PMID: 36771866 PMCID: PMC9920794 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is a renewable and environmentally friendly raw material that has an important economic and technical impact in several applications. Recently, nanocellulose (NC) presented a promising road to support the manufacturing of functional carbon fibers (CFs), which are considered superior materials for several applications because of their outstanding properties. However, the smooth and limited effective surface areas make CFs virtually useless in some applications, such as energy storage. Therefore, strategies to increase the porosity of CFs are highly desirable to realize their potential. Within this article, we present an approach that focuses on the designing of porous CF precursors using polyacrilonitrile (PAN) and NC additives using a wet spinning method. To enhance the porosity, two jet stretching (50% and 100%) and four NC additive amounts (0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, 0.4 wt.% and 0.8 wt.%) have been applied and investigated. In comparison with the reference PAN fibers (without NC additives and stretching), the results showed an increase in specific surface area from 10.45 m2/g to 138.53 m2/g and in total pore volume from 0.03 cm3/g to 0.49 cm3/g. On the other hand, mechanical properties have been affected negatively by NC additives and the stretching process. Stabilization and carbonization processes could be applied in a future study to support the production of multifunctional porous CF.
Collapse
|
5
|
Muthusamy VP, Krishnakumar V. Tensile performance of NCC and lignin reinforcements in PAN matrix. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
6
|
Mao Q, Rajabpour S, Talkhoncheh MK, Zhu J, Kowalik M, van Duin ACT. Cost-effective carbon fiber precursor selections of polyacrylonitrile-derived blend polymers: carbonization chemistry and structural characterizations. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6357-6372. [PMID: 35411903 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blending polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with plastic wastes and bio-based polymers provides a convenient and inexpensive method to realize cost-effective carbon fiber (CF) precursors. In this work, PAN-based blend precursors are investigated using ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulations with respect to the formation of all-carbon rings, the evolutions of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing species, and the migration of carbon atoms to form turbostratic graphene. From these simulations, we identify that PAN/cellulose (CL) blend manifests the highest carbon yield and the most substantial all-carbon ring formation. This ReaxFF-based finding is confirmed by Raman and TEM experiments indicating high crystallinity for PAN/CL-derived blend CFs. We trace the pathway of gasification and carbonization of PAN/CL to elaborate the mechanism of the formation of all-carbon ring networks. We discover that the acetals of CL can catalyze the cyclization of the blend precursor, allowing for the search for CL derivatives or the other kinds of bio-based polymers with similar functionalities as alternative blends. In addition, we examine the structural characteristics using the carbon-carbon (C-C) radial distribution functions, C-C bond length distributions, and sp2 C atom ratios for the four representative precursors, i.e., PAN, oxidized PAN, PAN/nylon 6,6, and PAN/CL. Our simulation results show the most extensive all-carbon ring cluster and graphitic structure growths for PAN/CL. Therefore, we propose PAN/CL as a cost-effective alternative CF precursor, since (a) CL is naturally abundant and eco-friendly for production, (b) the blend precursor PAN/CL does not require oxidation treatment, (c) PAN/CL has a high carbon yield with substantial all-carbon ring formation, and (d) PAN/CL based CFs potentially provide a mechanical property enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Siavash Rajabpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mahdi Khajeh Talkhoncheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jiadeng Zhu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kowalik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Adri C T van Duin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jaffar SS, Saallah S, Misson M, Siddiquee S, Roslan J, Saalah S, Lenggoro W. Recent Development and Environmental Applications of Nanocellulose-Based Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:287. [PMID: 35323762 PMCID: PMC8950644 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research and development in the production of nanocellulose production, a green, bio-based, and renewable biomaterial has paved the way for the development of advanced functional materials for a multitude of applications. From a membrane technology perspective, the exceptional mechanical strength, high crystallinity, tunable surface chemistry, and anti-fouling behavior of nanocellulose, manifested from its structural and nanodimensional properties are particularly attractive. Thus, an opportunity has emerged to exploit these features to develop nanocellulose-based membranes for environmental applications. This review provides insights into the prospect of nanocellulose as a matrix or as an additive to enhance membrane performance in water filtration, environmental remediation, and the development of pollutant sensors and energy devices, focusing on the most recent progress from 2017 to 2022. A brief overview of the strategies to tailor the nanocellulose surface chemistry for the effective removal of specific pollutants and nanocellulose-based membrane fabrication approaches are also presented. The major challenges and future directions associated with the environmental applications of nanocellulose-based membranes are put into perspective, with primary emphasis on advanced multifunctional membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syafiqah Syazwani Jaffar
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (S.S.J.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Suryani Saallah
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (S.S.J.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Mailin Misson
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (S.S.J.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (S.S.J.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Jumardi Roslan
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
| | - Sariah Saalah
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
| | - Wuled Lenggoro
- Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahn H, Yeo SY, Lee BS. Designing Materials and Processes for Strong Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2863. [PMID: 34502902 PMCID: PMC8434603 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers have been successfully commercialized owing to their excellent material properties, their actual mechanical performance is still much lower than the theoretical values. Meanwhile, there is a growing demand for the use of superior carbon fibers. As such, many studies have been conducted to improve the mechanical performance of carbon fibers. Among the various approaches, designing a strong precursor fiber with a well-developed microstructure and morphology can constitute the most effective strategy to achieve superior performance. In this review, the efforts used to modulate materials, processing, and additives to deliver strong precursor fibers were thoroughly investigated. Our work demonstrates that the design of materials and processes is a fruitful pathway for the enhancement of the mechanical performance of carbon fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Ahn
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi, Korea;
| | - Sang Young Yeo
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Sun Lee
- School of Polymer System/Department of Fiber Convergence Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin 16890, Gyeonggi, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Clarkson CM, El Awad Azrak SM, Forti ES, Schueneman GT, Moon RJ, Youngblood JP. Recent Developments in Cellulose Nanomaterial Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000718. [PMID: 32696496 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) are a class of materials that have recently garnered attention in fields as varied as structural materials, biomaterials, rheology modifiers, construction, paper enhancement, and others. As the principal structural reinforcement of biomass giving wood its mechanical properties, CNM is strong and stiff, but also nontoxic, biodegradable, and sustainable with a very large (Gton yr-1 ) source. Unfortunately, due to the relatively young nature of the field and inherent incompatibility of CNM with most man-made materials in use today, research has tended to be more basic-science oriented rather than commercially applicable, so there are few CNM-enabled products on the market today. Herein, efforts are presented for preparing and forming cellulose nanomaterial nanocomposites. The focus is on recent efforts attempting to mitigate common impediments to practical commercialization but is also placed in context with traditional efforts. The work is presented in terms of the progress made, and still to be made, on solving the most pressing challenges-getting properties that are competitive with currently used materials, removing organic solvent, solving the inherent incompatibility between CNM and polymers of interest, and incorporation into commonly used industrial processing techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M Clarkson
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Sami M El Awad Azrak
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Endrina S Forti
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Gregory T Schueneman
- Forest Products Laboratory, United States Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Robert J Moon
- Forest Products Laboratory, United States Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Youngblood
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Ave., ARMS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| |
Collapse
|