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Du H, Parit M, Liu K, Zhang M, Jiang Z, Huang TS, Zhang X, Si C. Multifunctional Cellulose Nanopaper with Superior Water-Resistant, Conductive, and Antibacterial Properties Functionalized with Chitosan and Polypyrrole. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32115-32125. [PMID: 34185490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanopaper (CNP) has been considered as a promising material with great application potential in diverse fields. However, the hydrophilic nature of CNP significantly limits its practical application. In order to improve its water resistance, we demonstrate a facile approach to functionalize CNP by impregnating it with chitosan (CS), followed by in situ polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy). The results indicate that the obtained CNP/CS/PPy shows excellent water resistance with the wet tensile strength of up to 80 MPa, which is more than 10 times higher than that of the pure CNP. Intriguingly, new features (e.g., electrical conductivity, antibacterial activity, and so forth) are achieved at the same time. The functionalized CNP/CS/PPy shows a high conductivity of 6.5 S cm-1, which can be used for electromagnetic interference shielding applications with a high shielding performance of around 18 dB. In addition, the CNP/CS/PPy exhibits good antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with the bacterial reductions of 99.28 and 95.59%, respectively. Thus, this work provides a simple and versatile approach to functionalize CNP for achieving multifunctional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Mahesh Parit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Kun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Tung-Shi Huang
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Kruželák J, Kvasničáková A, Hložeková K, Hudec I. Progress in polymers and polymer composites used as efficient materials for EMI shielding. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:123-172. [PMID: 36131869 PMCID: PMC9417728 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The explosive progress of electronic devices and communication systems results in the production of undesirable electromagnetic pollution, known as electromagnetic interference. The accumulation of electromagnetic radiation in space results in the malfunction of commercial and military electronic appliances, and it may have a negative impact on human health. Thus, the shielding of undesirable electromagnetic interference has become a serious concern of the modern society, and has been a very perspective field of research and development. This paper provides detailed insight into current trends in the advancement of various polymer-based materials with the effects of electromagnetic interference shielding. First, the theoretical aspects of shielding are outlined. Then, the comprehensive description of the structure, morphology and functionalization of the intrinsic conductive polymers, polymers filled with the different types of inorganic and organic fillers, as well as multifunctional polymer architectures are provided with respect to their conductive, dielectric, magnetic and shielding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Kruželák
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia +421 02 5932589
| | - Andrea Kvasničáková
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia +421 02 5932589
| | - Klaudia Hložeková
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia +421 02 5932589
| | - Ivan Hudec
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia +421 02 5932589
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Lee H, Kim S, Shin S, Hyun J. 3D structure of lightweight, conductive cellulose nanofiber foam. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 253:117238. [PMID: 33278994 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the three-dimensional (3D) structuring of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foam-based ink using direct ink writing 3D printing and the transformation of CNF foam from an insulator to a conductor. The colloidal stability of a CNF foam is critical to producing a solid CNF foam which can be used as a template for the synthesis of conducting polymers. Liquid CNF foam ink is produced by simple stirring of CNF suspension with sodium dodecyl sulfate as an emulsifier. The shear thinning behavior of the liquid CNF foam ink enables printing through a needle. Flexible design of CNF foam structures is enabled by 3D printing using computer-aided design. Lightweight conductive CNF foams are prepared via in situ polymerization of polypyrrole on a solid CNF foam. The topological features of the resultant porous conductive CNF foams are observed, and their conductivity is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwarueon Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunga Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Shin
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Hyun
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Wang M, Wang K, Yang Y, Liu Y, Yu DG. Electrospun Environment Remediation Nanofibers Using Unspinnable Liquids as the Sheath Fluids: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E103. [PMID: 31947986 PMCID: PMC7022330 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning, as a promising platform in multidisciplinary engineering over the past two decades, has overcome major challenges and has achieved remarkable breakthroughs in a wide variety of fields such as energy, environmental, and pharmaceutics. However, as a facile and cost-effective approach, its capability of creating nanofibers is still strongly limited by the numbers of treatable fluids. Most recently, more and more efforts have been spent on the treatments of liquids without electrospinnability using multifluid working processes. These unspinnable liquids, although have no electrospinnability themselves, can be converted into nanofibers when they are electrospun with an electrospinnable fluid. Among all sorts of multifluid electrospinning methods, coaxial electrospinning is the most fundamental one. In this review, the principle of modified coaxial electrospinning, in which unspinnable liquids are explored as the sheath working fluids, is introduced. Meanwhile, several typical examples are summarized, in which electrospun nanofibers aimed for the environment remediation were prepared using the modified coaxial electrospinning. Based on the exploration of unspinnable liquids, the present review opens a way for generating complex functional nanostructures from other kinds of multifluid electrospinning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | | | | | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
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Recent Developments of the Solution-Processable and Highly Conductive Polyaniline Composites for Optical and Electrochemical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121965. [PMID: 31795489 PMCID: PMC6960645 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-processable conducting polymers (CPs) are an effective means for producing thin-film electrodes with tunable thickness, and excellent electrical, electrochemical, and optical properties. Especially, solution-processable polyaniline (PANI) composites have drawn a great deal of interest due to of their ease of film-forming, high conductivity up to 103 S/cm, excellent redox behaviors, processability, and scalability. In this review, basic principles, fabrication methods, and applications of solution-processable PANI composites will be discussed. In addition, recent researches on the PANI-based electrodes for solar cells (SCs), electrochromic (EC) windows, thermoelectric (TE) materials, supercapacitors, sensors, antennas, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and anti-corrosion coatings will be discussed. The presented examples in this review will offer new insights in the design and fabrication of high-performance electrodes from the PANI composite solutions for the development of thin-film electrodes for state-of-art applications.
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Cao G, Gao X, Wang L, Cui H, Lu J, Meng Y, Xue W, Cheng C, Tian Y, Tian Y. Easily Synthesized Polyaniline@Cellulose Nanowhiskers Better Tune Network Structures in Ag-Based Adhesives: Examining the Improvements in Conductivity, Stability, and Flexibility. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9111542. [PMID: 31671586 PMCID: PMC6915529 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to develop a novel and versatile strategy for constructing electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) that have superior conductivity and high mechanical properties. In this work, easily synthesized polyaniline@cellulose (PANI@CNs) nanowhiskers with a high aspect ratio and excellent solubility in 1,4-dioxane were prepared and added to conventional Ag-containing adhesives. A small amount of PANI@CNs can dramatically tune the structure of the ECAs’ conductive network and significantly improve the conductivity of the ECAs. Good solubility of PANI@CNs in solvents brings excellent dispersion in the polymer matrix. Thus, a three-dimensional (3D) conducting network formed with dispersed PANI@CNs and Ag flakes can enhance the conductivity of ECAs. The conductivity of the ECAs (with 1.5 wt% PANI@CNs and 55 wt% Ag flakes) showed three orders of magnitude higher than that of the ECAs filled with 55 wt% Ag flakes and 65 wt% Ag flakes. Meanwhile, the integration of PANI@CNs with Ag flakes in polymer matrices also significantly enhanced the mechanical compliance of the resulted ECAs. The resistivity remained unchanged after rolling the PANI@CNs-containing ECAs’ film into a 4 mm bending radius for over 1500 cycles. A bendable printed circuit was fabricated using the above PANI@CNs-containing ECAs, which demonstrated their future potential in the field of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiaolan Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Huahua Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Junyi Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wei Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanhong Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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