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Eronen V, Iljin K, Pääkkönen J, Jänis J, Rouvinen J, Nevanen TK, Hakulinen N. Robust Approach for Quantifying Glucocorticoid Binding to the Anti-Cortisol Fab Fragment via Native Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17089-17096. [PMID: 38645339 PMCID: PMC11024979 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In the development of proteins, aptamers, and molecular imprints for diagnostic purposes, a major goal is to obtain a molecule with both a high binding affinity and specificity for the target ligand. Cushing syndrome or Addison's disease can be diagnosed by cortisol level tests. We have previously characterized and solved the crystal structure of an anti-cortisol (17) Fab fragment having a high affinity to cortisol but also significant cross-reactivity to other glucocorticoids, especially the glucocorticoid drug prednisolone. We used native mass spectrometry (MS) to determine the binding affinities of nine steroid hormones to anti-cortisol (17) Fab, including steroidogenic precursors of cortisol. Based on the results, the number of hydroxyl groups in the structure of a steroid ligand plays a key role in the antigen recognition by the Fab fragment as the ligands with three hydroxyl groups, cortisol and prednisolone, had the highest affinities. The antibody affinity toward steroid hormones often decreases with a decrease in the number of hydroxyl groups in the structure. The presence of the hydroxyl group at position C11 increased the affinity more than did the other hydroxyl groups at positions C17 or C21. The binding affinities obtained by native MS were compared to the values determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and the affinities were found to correlate well between these two techniques. Our study demonstrates that native MS with a large dynamic range and high sensitivity is a versatile tool for ligand binding studies of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veikko Eronen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO BOX 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kristiina Iljin
- VTT
Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Johan Pääkkönen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO BOX 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO BOX 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Juha Rouvinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO BOX 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tarja K. Nevanen
- VTT
Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nina Hakulinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO BOX 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
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Seo YH, Baik S, Lee J. Nanopore surface engineering of molecular imprinted mesoporous organosilica for rapid and selective detection of L-thyroxine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113711. [PMID: 38128361 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
To develop a biosensing platform for precise diagnosis and management of thyroid-related diseases, the sensitive and selective recognition and identification of L-thyroxine (T4), a thyroid hormone, remains challenging. We herein introduce T4-imprinted mesoporous organosilica (T4-IMO) for sensitive and specific detection of T4 via the sophisticated engineering of pore surfaces using additives with different polarities. The pore surface of T4-IMO emitting a stable fluorescence signal is simply modified by fixed additives. Additives embedded in the pore surface promote the rebinding response of T4 into the recognized cavities, subsequently sensitizing T4 detection. Notably, T4-IMO containing abundant fluorine elements on the pore surface shows a high affinity toward T4, remarkably boosting the rebinding capacity. In addition to good selectivity to T4, the "turn-off" fluorescent signal exhibits a linear relationship with the logarithm of T4 concentration in a range of 0-500 nM with a detection limit of 0.47 nM in synthetic urine samples. Our findings can establish an insightful strategy for the rational design of molecular-recognition-based sensor systems for the selective and sensitive detection of target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Seo
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7.1, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Seungyun Baik
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7.1, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7.1, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Lee AW, Dong Y, Natani S, Ban DK, Bandaru PR. Toward the Ultimate Limit of Analyte Detection, in Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistors. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1214-1222. [PMID: 38230628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The ultimate sensitivity of field-effect-transistor (FET)-based devices for ionic species detection is of great interest, given that such devices are capable of monitoring single-electron-level modulations. It is shown here, from both theoretical and experimental perspectives, that for such ultimate limits to be approached the thermodynamic as well as kinetic characteristics of the (FET surface)-(linker)-(ion-receptor) ensemble must be considered. The sensitivity was probed in terms of optimal packing of the ensemble, through a minimal charge state/capacitance point of view and atomic force microscopy. Through the fine-tuning of the linker and receptor interaction with the sensing surface, a record limit of detection as well as specificity in the femtomolar range, orders of magnitude better than previously obtained and in excellent accord with prediction, was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Yongliang Dong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Shreyam Natani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Deependra Kumar Ban
- Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, Los Angeles, California 91711, United States
| | - Prabhakar R Bandaru
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
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Gheshlaghi SZ, Ebrahimi A, Faghih Z. A detailed theoretical exploration on the THR-β binding affinities and antioxidant activity of some halogenated bisphenols. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10835-10851. [PMID: 34278964 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1950568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural halogenated phenolic compounds are unique bioactive structures which share features and physicochemical properties with thyroid hormones, who are essential regulators of neurological development and metabolism processes. Also, these structures can be used as natural antioxidants to minimize the diseases related to oxidative stress. In this work, the binding affinity of 32 natural and synthetic halogenated bisphenols were investigated on thyroid hormone receptor-β (THR-β) using the molecular docking, MM/GBSA, molecular dynamics, and a rigorous three-layer ONIOM ((M06-2X/6-31G*:PM6:AMBER) calculation. The desirable potency is observed for binding of selected compounds to THR-β. The Met313, Asn331, and His435 are the main interacting residues in the binding cavity which involved in the hydrogen and halogen bond interactions with the ligands. The most potent candidate on binding to the active site of THR-β is presented with respect to the results of mentioned calculations. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of compounds has been investigated using the quantum mechanical calculations. The electrostatic potential surfaces illustrate well the antioxidant capacity of compounds. The halogen substituents increase the antioxidant activity of the most stable conformers. The position and number of OH groups are crucial factors which affect the activity, whereas two adjacent hydroxyl groups enhance the antioxidant activity of selected compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Zare Gheshlaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghih
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Waninger JJ, Beyett TS, Gadkari VV, Siebenaler RF, Kenum C, Shankar S, Ruotolo BT, Chinnaiyan AM, Tesmer JJ. Biochemical characterization of the interaction between KRAS and Argonaute 2. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101191. [PMID: 34988297 PMCID: PMC8695255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS result in a constitutively active, GTP-bound form that in turn activates many proliferative pathways. However, because of its compact and simple architecture, directly targeting KRAS with small molecule drugs has been challenging. Another approach is to identify targetable proteins that interact with KRAS. Argonaute 2 (AGO2) was recently identified as a protein that facilitates RAS-driven oncogenesis. Whereas previous studies described the in vivo effect of AGO2 on cancer progression in cells harboring mutated KRAS, here we sought to examine their direct interaction using purified proteins. We show that full length AGO2 co-immunoprecipitates with KRAS using purified components, however, a complex between FL AGO2 and KRAS could not be isolated. We also generated a smaller N-terminal fragment of AGO2 (NtAGO2) which is believed to represent the primary binding site of KRAS. A complex with NtAGO2 could be detected via ion-mobility mass spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography. However, the data suggest that the interaction of KRAS with purified AGO2 (NtAGO2 or FL AGO2) is weak and likely requires additional cellular components or proteo-forms of AGO2 that are not readily available in our purified assay systems. Future studies are needed to determine what conformation or modifications of AGO2 are necessary to enrich KRAS association and regulate its activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Waninger
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Medical Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tyler S. Beyett
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Varun V. Gadkari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronald F. Siebenaler
- Department of Medical Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carson Kenum
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sunita Shankar
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John J.G. Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, Indiana, USA
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Yang W, Ivanov DG, Kaltashov IA. Extending the capabilities of intact-mass analyses to monoclonal immunoglobulins of the E-isotype (IgE). MAbs 2022; 14:2103906. [PMID: 35895856 PMCID: PMC9336480 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable tool in structural characterization and quality control of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Intact-mass analysis is a particularly attractive option that provides a powerful and cost-effective means to not only confirm the structural integrity of the protein, but also probe its interactions with therapeutic targets. To a certain extent, this success can be attributed to relatively modest glycosylation levels exhibited by IgG molecules, which limits their structural heterogeneity and enables straightforward mass measurements at the intact molecule level. The recent surge of interest in expanding the repertoire of mAbs to include other classes of immunoglobulins places a premium on efforts to adapt the IgG-tailored experimental strategies to other classes of antibodies, but their dramatically higher levels of glycosylation may create insurmountable obstacles. The monoclonal murine IgE antibody explored in this work provides a challenging model system, as its glycosylation level exceeds that of conventional IgG mAbs by a factor of nine. The commercial sample, which included various IgE fragments, yields a poorly resolved ionic signal in intact-mass measurements, from which little useful information can be extracted. However, coupling MS measurements with the limited charge reduction of select polycationic species in the gas phase gives rise to well-defined charge ladders, from which both ionic masses and charges can be readily determined. The measurements reveal significant variation of the extent of glycosylation within intact IgE molecules, as well as the presence of low-molecular weight impurities in the commercial IgE sample. Furthermore, incubation of the monoclonal IgE with its antigen (ovalbumin) gives rise to the formation of complexes with varying stoichiometries, which can also be uniquely identified using a combination of native MS, limited charge reduction in the gas phase and data fitting procedures. This work demonstrates that following appropriate modifications, intact-mass analysis measurements can be successfully applied to mAbs beyond the IgG isotype, providing a wealth of information not only on the mass distribution of the intact IgE molecules, but also their large-scale conformational integrity, the integrity of their covalent structure, and their interactions with antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daniil G Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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