1
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Murad S, Ahmad M, Hussain A, Ali S, Al-Ansari N, Mattar MA. Efficacy of DAP coated with bacterial strains and their metabolites for soil phosphorus availability and maize growth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11389. [PMID: 38762518 PMCID: PMC11102545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) use efficiency in alkaline/calcareous soils is only 20% due to precipitation of P2O5 with calcium and magnesium. However, coating Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is more appropriate to increase fertilizer use efficiency. Therefore, with the aim to use inorganic fertilizers more effectively present study was conducted to investigate comparative effect of coated DAP with PSB strains Bacillus subtilis ZE15 (MN003400), Bacillus subtilis ZR3 (MN007185), Bacillus megaterium ZE32 (MN003401) and Bacillus megaterium ZR19 (MN007186) and their extracted metabolites with uncoated DAP under axenic conditions. Gene sequencing was done against various sources of phosphorus to analyze genes responsible for phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene amplicon of 380bp from all tested strains was showed in 1% w/v gel. Release pattern of P was also improved with coated fertilizer. The results showed that coated phosphatic fertilizer enhanced shoot dry weight by 43 and 46% under bacterial and metabolites coating respectively. Shoot and root length up to 44 and 42% with metabolites coated DAP and 41% with bacterial coated DAP. Physiological attributes also showed significant improvement with coated DAP over conventional. The results supported the application of coated DAP as a useful medium to raise crop yield even at lower application rates i.e., 50 and 75% DAP than non-coated 100% DAP application which advocated this coating technique a promising approach for advancing circular economy and sustainable development in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Murad
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden.
| | - Mohamed A Mattar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Sun T, Zhan D, Wang X, Guo Q, Wu M, Shen P, Wu M. Release and Degradation Mechanism of Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Double-Layer Coated Controlled-Release Phosphate Fertilizer. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1041. [PMID: 38674960 PMCID: PMC11054636 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to improve the slow-release performance of a film material for a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) while enhancing its biodegradability. A water-based biodegradable polymer material doped with biochar (BC) was prepared from modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and chitosan (CTS), hereinafter referred to as PVA/PVP-CTSaBCb. An environmentally friendly novel controlled-release phosphate fertilizer (CRPF) was developed using PVA/PVP-CTS8%BC7% as the film. The effect of the PVA/PVP-CTS8%BC7% coating on the service life of the CRPF was investigated. The film was characterized via stress-strain testing, SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA analyses. The addition of the CTS modifier increased the stress of PVA/PVP-CTS8% by 7.6% compared with that of PVA/PVP owing to the decrease in the crystallinity of PVP/PVP-CTS8%. The hydrophilic -OH groups were reduced due to the mixing of CTS and PVA/PVP. Meanwhile, the water resistance of the PVA/PVP-CTS8%BC7% was improved. And the controlled-release service life of the CRPF was prolonged. Moreover, the addition of BC increased the crystallinity of the PVA/PVP-CTS8% by 10%, reduced the fracture elongation of the material, and further improved the biodegradability of the PVA/PVP-CTS8%BC7%. When the amount of BC added was 7%, the phosphorus release rate of the CRPF was 30% on the 28th day. Moreover, the degradation rate of the PVA/PVP-CTS8%BC7% polymer film was 35% after 120 days. This study provides basic data for applying water-based degradable polymer materials in CRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Sun
- Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (T.S.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.G.)
| | - Dekang Zhan
- Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (T.S.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.G.)
| | - Xiangzhu Wang
- Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (T.S.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qingjie Guo
- Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (T.S.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.G.)
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China;
| | - Pu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology, Genetics & Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 126 Wannianquan Road, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Man Wu
- Laboratory of Green & Smart Chemical Engineering in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (T.S.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.G.)
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3
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Motamedi E, Safari M, Salimi M. Improvement of tomato yield and quality using slow release NPK fertilizers prepared by carnauba wax emulsion, starch-based latex and hydrogel nanocomposite combination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11118. [PMID: 37429906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern agriculture is working on introducing new generation of fertilizers that apt to slow down the nutrients release to be more in synchrony with plant's need throughout growth season, enhance fertilizer performance, and decrease nutrient losses into the environment. The aim of this research was to develop an advanced NPK slow-release fertilizer (SRF) and investigate its effect on yield, nutritional and morphological responses of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as a model crop. To this goal, three water-based bio-polymeric formulations including starch-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) nanocomposite hydrogel, starch-g-poly(styrene-co-butylacrylate) latex, and carnauba wax emulsion were synthesized and used for production of NPK-SRF samples. Different samples of coated fertilizers (urea, potassium sulfate, and superphosphate granules) were prepared using different ratios of latex and wax emulsion, and for phosphorus and potash (R-treatment). Moreover, some of coated fertilizers (15 and 30 wt.%) was replaced with nanocomposite hydrogel containing fertilizers, named D and H treatments, respectively. The effect of SRF samples were compared with commercial fertilizers (NPK treatment) and a commercial SRF (T treatment), on the growth of tomato in the greenhouse, at two different levels (100 and 60). The efficiency of all the synthesized formulations were higher than NPK and T treatments, and among them, H100 significantly improved the morphological and physiological characteristics of tomato. For instance, amount of residual elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) as well as micro elements of calcium, iron and zinc in tomato cultivation bed and accordingly the uptake of these elements in the roots, aerial parts and fruits were increased in the R, H, and D treatments. The highest yield (1671.54 g), highest agricultural agronomy efficiency of fertilizer, and the highest dry matter percentage (9.52%) were obtained in H100. The highest amount of lycopene, antioxidant capacity and vitamin C was also observed in H100. Nitrate accumulation in tomato fruit in the synthesized SRF samples were decreased significantly compared to NPK100, and the lowest amount was observed in H100, which was 55.24% less than NPK100. Accordingly, it is suggested that combination of natural-based nanocomposite hydrogels along with coating latexes and wax emulsions can be a successful method to synthesize efficient NPK-SRF formulations for improvement of crop growth and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Motamedi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Safari
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Mehri Salimi
- Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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4
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Xiang Y, Liu Y, Gong M, Tong Y, Liu Y, Zhao G, Yang J. Preparation of Novel Biodegradable Polymer Slow-Release Fertilizers to Improve Nutrient Release Performance and Soil Phosphorus Availability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102242. [PMID: 37242815 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the gradual collapse of carbon chain and the gradual release of organic elements into the external environment during the degradation of biodegradable polymers, a novel biodegradable polymer slow-release fertilizer containing nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus (PSNP) was prepared in this study. PSNP contains phosphate fragment and urea formaldehyde (UF) fragment, which are prepared by solution condensation reaction. Under the optimal process, the nitrogen (N) and P2O5 contents of PSNP were 22% and 20%, respectively. The expected molecular structure of PSNP was confirmed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TG. PSNP can release N and phosphorus (P) nutrients slowly under the action of microorganisms, and the cumulative release rates of N and P in 1 month were only 34.23% and 36.91%, respectively. More importantly, through soil incubation experiment and leaching experiment, it was found that UF fragments released in the degradation process of PSNP can strongly complex soil high-valence metal ions, thus inhibiting the phosphorus nutrient released by degradation to be fixed in the soil and ultimately effectively increasing the soil available P content. Compared with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), a small molecule phosphate fertilizer that is easily soluble, the available P content of PSNP in the 20-30 cm soil layer is almost twice that of ADP. Our study provides a simple copolymerization method to prepare PSNP with excellent slow-release N and P nutrients, which can promote the development of sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Mingshan Gong
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yingfang Tong
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Guizhe Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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5
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Liu X, Wu L, Zhou W, Hu L, Lv J, Du W. Environment-friendly bio-based controlled-release phosphate fertilizer with waste kitchen oil as coating material: Preparation, characterization, and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116409. [PMID: 36352715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Bio-based polyurethane controlled-release fertilizers (BPCF) have been developed rapidly owing to their environmental friendliness, renewability, and low cost. However, the unsatisfying controlled release prohibits their large-scale direct application in agricultural production. Here, we prepared bio-based controlled-release phosphate (P) fertilizers using harmful waste kitchen oils (WKO) as coating materials. The membrane shell surface was modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT), and superhydrophobic controlled-release phosphorus fertilizers (SCRF) were obtained. After CNT modification, the controlled release period of SCRF was greatly improved. Phosphorus released period of SCRF reached over 67 d while that of BPCF was merely ∼49 d. Additionally, the surface energy, cracks, roughness, microstructure, cross-linking degree, etc., of the membrane shells were measured. The results showed that CNT greatly improved the hydrophobic properties of the membrane shells. The findings indicated the application of modified WKO with great agricultural value in preparing environment-friendly BPCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lulu Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jialong Lv
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wei Du
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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6
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Zhai J, Zhang C, Zhao C, Yang W. Preparation of Slow-Release Coated Urea Based on C8-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer-Cured Epoxidized Soybean Oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Changwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education Beijing, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education Beijing, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
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7
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Lu H, Dun C, Jariwala H, Wang R, Cui P, Zhang H, Dai Q, Yang S, Zhang H. Improvement of bio-based polyurethane and its optimal application in controlled release fertilizer. J Control Release 2022; 350:748-760. [PMID: 36030990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, polyurethane has emerged as a new material that has been widely developed and applied in coated controlled release fertilizers (CRFs). Particularly in recent years, the excessive consumption of petroleum resources and increasing demand for sustainable development have resulted in considerable interest in bio-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizers. This review article focuses on the application and progress of environmentally friendly bio-based materials in the polyurethane-coated CRF industry. We also explore prospects for the green and sustainable development of coated CRFs. Using animal and plant oils, starch, lignin, and cellulose as raw materials, polyols can be produced by physical, chemical, and biological means to replace petroleum-based materials and polyurethane film coating for CRFs can be prepared. Various modifications can also improve the hydrophobicity and degradability of polyurethane film. A growing body of research on bio-based polyurethane has revealed its great potential in the production and application of coated CRFs. The purpose of this review is to highlight the practicality of bio-based materials in the application of polyurethane-coated CRFs and to clarify their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canping Dun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hiral Jariwala
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Peiyuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qigen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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8
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Wang X, Yao Y, Wang G, Lu H, Ma J, Zhang M, Chen X, Yin C, Mao Z. Controlled-Release Diammonium Phosphate Alleviates Apple Replant Disease: An Integrated Analysis of Soil Properties, Plant Growth, and the Soil Microbiome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8942-8954. [PMID: 35835727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous application of nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) has been demonstrated to alleviate apple replant disease (ARD). Yet, the effect of controlled-release diammonium phosphate (C-DAP), which continuously supply N and P for ARD control, is still poorly understood. Applying C-DAP markedly alleviated the typical symptoms of ARD. C-DAP maintained soil N and P at relatively high and stable levels during the entire growth period of the replanted seedlings, thus, limiting the copy number of the four key pathogenic Fusarium species that cause ARD. Particularly, continuously supplying N and P by C-DAP established a higher fungal diversity than that of conventional diammonium phosphate and induced the fungal community to be more similar to fumigated soil. The positive effect of C-DAP originated from the synergistic effects of regulating microorganisms and enhancing the resistance of the plant caused by a continuous nutrient supply. These findings provide a new perspective in the management of soil-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Guiwei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinzhao Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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9
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Ma G, Chen Q, Shi R, Kong B, Chen D, Zhang Z, Li X, Qu Z, Li M, Zhang M, Liu Z. Effect of Coated Diammonium Phosphate Combined with Paecilomyces variotii Extracts on Soil Available Nutrients, Photosynthesis-Related Enzyme Activities, Endogenous Hormones, and Maize Yield. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23566-23575. [PMID: 35847329 PMCID: PMC9281325 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coated diammonium phosphate (CDAP) is intended to release nutrients steadily in response to the demand of crop growth. A novel biostimulant extracted from Paecilomyces variotii has been shown to regulate gene expression in nutrient transport, enhance nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, and improve nutrient use efficiency. The application of CDAP combined with the Paecilomyces variotii extracts (ZNC) in maize is an efficient approach for reducing waste of resources, improving nutrient supply, and maintaining production stability. The effects of CDAP combined with ZNC on photosynthesis, enzyme activities, endogenous hormone content, maize yield, and P use efficiency (PUE) were investigated in this study. In a pot experiment, CDAP and diammonium phosphate (DAP) were tested together with P levels (1.80, 1.44 g pot-1, P2O5) and two ZNC application rates (0, 4.4 μg pot-1), which included the control treatment that had no P fertilizer added. Results showed that the key influencing elements of maize growth and yield were the soil available-P content, endogenous hormone content, and plant photosynthesis in this study. The combination of DAP and ZNC increased the soil available-P content and the auxin content in leaves at the key stage and hence increased the yield and PUE of maize, compared with DAP. The net photosynthetic rate of CDAP combined with ZNC was higher by 23.1% than that of CDAP alone, as well as by 32.0% than that of DAP combined with ZNC. Moreover, the combination of CDAP and ZNC increased the yield and PUE by 8.2% and 15.6 percentage points compared with DAP combined with ZNC while increasing the yield and PUE compared with CDAP. In conclusion, combining CDAP with ZNC as an environmentally friendly fertilizer could improve photosynthesis-related enzyme activity and enhance the net photosynthetic rate, resulting in an increase in maize yield and PUE significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Ma
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Chen
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ruolin Shi
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Shandong
Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Dayin Chen
- Shandong
Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- Kingenta
Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linshu 276700, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoming Qu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
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10
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Li Z, Chen Q, Gao F, Meng Q, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Zhang M, Liu Z. Controlled-release urea combined with fulvic acid enhanced carbon/nitrogen metabolic processes and maize growth. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3644-3654. [PMID: 34888887 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled-release urea (CRU) or fulvic acid (FA), when applied, have been shown to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) or to stimulate plant growth, yet their interactive effects are not well explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic mechanisms of CRU combined with FA (CRU + FA) on maize (Zea mays L.) growth. Through the experimental design with five treatments, the N metabolism through the transcriptomic analysis of maize leaf, endogenous hormones, photosynthesis enzymes in maize leaf and root, and maize yield and NUE were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with CRU treatment, CRU + FA treatment significantly increased auxin, nitrate reductase, and glutamate dehydrogenase in leaf by 35.4%, 43.9%, 40.8% and 19.5%, respectively, as well as, the relative content of the leaf chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate by 14.8% and 45.6%, respectively, at 12-leaf collar stage; the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) metabolic process was significantly enriched in CRU + FA treatment by 312 and 418 genes, according to transcriptome profiles of C/N metabolic in leaves from various fertilizer treated maize; maize yield and NUE of CRU + FA treatment were increased by 6.3% and 38.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that CRU + FA is a viable fertilization scheme that can enhance maize growth, yield and NUE through their synergies in improving N uptake, promoting photosynthesis, increasing C/N metabolic processes, and enhancing enzyme activities. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qingmin Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Taian, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shandong Wanhao Fertilizer Co. Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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11
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Zhang L, Tian H, Zhang M, Wu L, Guo W, Fang F, Sun X, Zhong Z, Du L, Liu Z. Preparation and Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Controlled Release Urea Coating with Photosensitivity. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8558-8569. [PMID: 35309463 PMCID: PMC8928513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the photodegradation ability of fertilizer coating material and realize the sustainability of fertilizers, in this study, the commercially available photosensitive iron stearate (FeSt3) was wet-ground into submicrometer FeSt3 (SFeSt3) particles and used in preparation of a SFeSt3-modified bio-based polyurethane (PU)-coated controlled release urea (PU-SFe-CRU). The results showed that after 1 month photodegradation, the coating material had significant yellowing, the oxygen content of SFeSt3-modified PU (PU-SFe) increased by 56.89%, and its structure became more porous and looser than PU. The thermal stability of PU-SFe decreased, and more intermediate products were produced after exposure to UV light. The germination experiment showed that PU-SFe before and after photodegradation (up to 60 mg/L) had no adverse effect on the seed germination and bud growth of rice. Additionally, PU-SFe had a significantly higher Cr adsorption capacity after photodegradation due to the increase of the oxygen-containing group and specific surface. This study provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of photodegradable environment-friendly controlled release urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Xinyangfeng Agricultural
Technology Co Ltd., Jingmen, Hubei 448001, China
| | - Wusong Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Xinyangfeng Agricultural
Technology Co Ltd., Jingmen, Hubei 448001, China
| | - Fuli Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Xinyangfeng Agricultural
Technology Co Ltd., Jingmen, Hubei 448001, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zijing Zhong
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Longxu Du
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and
Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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12
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Tanan W, Panichpakdee J, Suwanakood P, Saengsuwan S. Biodegradable hydrogels of cassava starch-g-polyacrylic acid/natural rubber/polyvinyl alcohol as environmentally friendly and highly efficient coating material for slow-release urea fertilizers. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Li L, Wang M, Wu X, Yi W, Xiao Q. Bio-based polyurethane nanocomposite thin coatings from two comparable POSS with eight same vertex groups for controlled release urea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9917. [PMID: 33972621 PMCID: PMC8110765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite modification has attracted much attention in improving properties of bio-based polymer coating material for coated fertilizer. Herein two comparable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), with eight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and octaphenyl groups attached to the cage, respectively, were successfully incorporated into thin castor oil-based polyurethane coatings via in-situ polymerization on the urea surface. The nanostructure coatings are environmentally friendly, easy to prepare, and property-tunable. The results show that the vertex group of POSS had a pronounced influence on dispersion level and interaction between polyurethane and POSS that well-tuned the release pattern and period of coated urea, even at the coating rate as low as of 2 wt%. The liquid POSS with long and flexible PEG groups had better compatibility and dispersibility in polyurethane matrix than the solid POSS with rigid octaphenyl groups, as evidenced by SEM/EDS. The unique properties were resulted from the different extents of physical crosslinkings. This modification of bio-based polyurethane coating with POSS provided an alternative method of regulating and controlling the properties of coated fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Li
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China ,Research Center of Beijing Municipal Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers Engineering Technology, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Meng Wang
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Xiandong Wu
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China ,grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Wenping Yi
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China ,Research Center of Beijing Municipal Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers Engineering Technology, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China ,Research Center of Beijing Municipal Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers Engineering Technology, Beijing, 100097 China
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14
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Recent trends in organic coating based on biopolymers and biomass for controlled and slow release fertilizers. J Control Release 2021; 330:341-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Chen Q, Qu Z, Li Z, Zhang Z, Ma G, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wu L, Fang F, Wei Z, Zhang M. Coated Diammonium Phosphate Combined With Humic Acid Improves Soil Phosphorus Availability and Photosynthesis and the Yield of Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:759929. [PMID: 34975942 PMCID: PMC8716685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release phosphorus (P) fertilizers and humic acid (HA) applications are two effective and significant techniques or measures for preventing P loss and enhancing maize development. However, the underlying physiological mechanism of how the controlled release P fertilizers combined with HA affect the maize production and P-use efficiency (PUE) remains unknown. The effects of applying coated diammonium phosphate (CDAP) and HA together on soil nutrient supply intensity, soil phosphatase activity, photosynthesis, endogenous hormone contents, and yield of maize, as well as PUE, were examined in this study. In a pot experiment, two types of P fertilizers-CDAP and diammonium phosphate (DAP)- as well as two HA application rates (0 and 45 kg ha-1) and two P levels (60 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1) were utilized. Results showed that the key elements that influence the growth and yield of the maize were the availability of P content in soil, plant photosynthesis, and hormone levels. The combination of CDAP and HA had a greater impact on yield and PUE over the course of 2 years than either DAP alone or DAP combined with HA. Besides, using CDAP in combination with HA increased the yield and PUE by 4.2 and 8.4%, respectively, as compared to the application of CDAP alone at 75 kg P2O5 ha-1. From the twelve-leaf to milk stages, the available P content in the soil was increased by an average of 38.6% with the combination of CDAP and HA compared to the application of CDAP alone at 75 kg P2O5 ha-1. In addition, the application of CDAP combined with HA boosted the activities of ATP synthase, as well as the content of cytokinin (CTK), and hence improved the maize photosynthetic rate (Pn). When compared to the application of CDAP alone or DAP combined with HA, the Pn of CDAP + HA treatments was enhanced by 17.9-35.1% at the same P rate. In conclusion, as an environmentally friendly fertilizer, the combined application of CDAP and HA improved the intensity of the soil nutrient supply, regulated photosynthetic capabilities, and increased the yield and PUE, which is important for agricultural production, P resource conservation, and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zhaoming Qu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zeli Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Guohua Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinyangfeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jingmen, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinyangfeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jingmen, China
| | - Fuli Fang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinyangfeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jingmen, China
| | - Zhanbo Wei
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhanbo Wei,
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Min Zhang,
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16
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Lu H, Tian H, Zhang M, Liu Z, Chen Q, Guan R, Wang H. Water Polishing improved controlled-release characteristics and fertilizer efficiency of castor oil-based polyurethane coated diammonium phosphate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5763. [PMID: 32238851 PMCID: PMC7113275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The production cost of controlled-release fertilizers is an important factoring limiting their applications. To reduce the coating cost of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and improve its nutrition release characteristics, the fertilizer cores were modified by water polishing with three dosages at 1, 2, and 3%. The effects of modification were evaluated in terms of particle hardness, size distribution, angle of repose and specific surface area. Castor oil-based polyurethane was used as coating material for fertilizer performance evaluation. A pot experiment was conducted to verify the fertilizer efficiency of coated diammonium phosphate (CDAP) with maize. The results showed that polishing with 2% water reduced the angle of repose by 2.48-10.57% and specific surface area by 5.70-48.76%, making it more suitable for coating. The nutrient release period of CDAP was significantly prolonged by 5.36 times. Soil available phosphorous, enzyme activities, maize grain yield, and phosphorous use efficiency were all improved through the blending application of coated and normal phosphate fertilizer. This study demonstrated that water-based surface modification is a low-cost and effective method for improvement and promotion of controlled release P fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.,State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linshu, 276700, China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linshu, 276700, China.
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linshu, 276700, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Rui Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Huaili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linshu, 276700, China
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