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Lal N, Shirsath SB, Singh P, Deepshikha, Shaikh AC. Allylsilane as a versatile handle in photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4633-4647. [PMID: 38606528 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Organosilanes have secured a special place in the synthetic world for several decades. However, among them, allylsilanes are a choice reagent for organic chemists to develop novel organic transformations. In recent years researchers have proved that visible-light photoredox catalysis has emerged as one of the most mild, sustainable, straightforward, and efficient strategies to construct simple to complex molecules with or without enantioselectivity. This review provides an in-depth analysis of recent advances and strategies employed in visible-light photoredox catalysis for allylsilane and its analogues for the development of various organic transformations. The review is divided into sections, each focused on a specific reactivity of allylsilane under light irradiation with C(sp2) center arene or alkene, C(sp2) center carbonyl, and C(sp3) center carbon functionality. In this review, we present optimization data, reaction scope, and mechanistic aspects to bring forward specific reactivity and selectivity trends of allylsilane in photoredox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nand Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India.
| | - Sanket B Shirsath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India.
| | - Puja Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India.
| | - Deepshikha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India.
| | - Aslam C Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India.
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Putwa S, Curtis IS, Dasog M. Nanostructured silicon photocatalysts for solar-driven fuel production. iScience 2023; 26:106317. [PMID: 36950113 PMCID: PMC10025979 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar-driven production of fuels such as hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and ammonia using semiconducting photocatalysts has the potential to be a sustainable alternative to current chemical processes. In recent years, silicon (Si) nanostructures have been recognized as a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen generation and organic oxidation reactions owing to its abundance, biocompatibility, and cost. While bulk Si has been studied extensively, on the nanoscale, plenty of opportunities exist to understand and engineer optimally performing Si photocatalysts. This perspective will highlight key results on the use of Si nanostructures for photocatalytic H2 production, CO2 reduction via light and heat-driven chemical looping, and current challenges in utilizing it for fuel-forming reactions. A brief guide on how these challenges can be addressed in the future and other unexplored questions that remain in the field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrah Putwa
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Isabel S. Curtis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mita Dasog
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Corresponding author
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3
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Chen H, Xiong Y, Li J, Abed J, Wang D, Pedrazo-Tardajos A, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shakouri M, Xiao Q, Hu Y, Bals S, Sargent EH, Su CY, Yang Z. Epitaxially grown silicon-based single-atom catalyst for visible-light-driven syngas production. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1719. [PMID: 36977716 PMCID: PMC10050177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the dispersion of active sites simultaneous with the efficient harvest of photons is a key priority for photocatalysis. Crystalline silicon is abundant on Earth and has a suitable bandgap. However, silicon-based photocatalysts combined with metal elements has proved challenging due to silicon's rigid crystal structure and high formation energy. Here we report a solid-state chemistry that produces crystalline silicon with well-dispersed Co atoms. Isolated Co sites in silicon are obtained through the in-situ formation of CoSi2 intermediate nanodomains that function as seeds, leading to the production of Co-incorporating silicon nanocrystals at the CoSi2/Si epitaxial interface. As a result, cobalt-on-silicon single-atom catalysts achieve an external quantum efficiency of 10% for CO2-to-syngas conversion, with CO and H2 yields of 4.7 mol g(Co)-1 and 4.4 mol g(Co)-1, respectively. Moreover, the H2/CO ratio is tunable between 0.8 and 2. This photocatalyst also achieves a corresponding turnover number of 2 × 104 for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction over 6 h, which is over ten times higher than previously reported single-atom photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Xiong
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Jehad Abed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Da Wang
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrián Pedrazo-Tardajos
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yueping Cao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mohsen Shakouri
- Canadian Light Source, Inc. (CLSI), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Qunfeng Xiao
- Canadian Light Source, Inc. (CLSI), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Canadian Light Source, Inc. (CLSI), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
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Smera R, Roshith M, Ramasubramanian S, Kumar DVR. Dip to Drink: Solar Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) Using Fibrous Red Phosphorus Immobilized Quartz Sand as “Dip-Catalyst”. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pierucci D, Silly M, Tissot H, Hollander P, Sirotti F, Rochet F. Surface Photovoltage dynamics at passivated silicon surfaces: influence of substrate doping and surface termination. Faraday Discuss 2022; 236:442-460. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00107h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have monitored the temporal evolution of the band bending at controlled silicon surfaces after a fs laser pump excitation. Time-resolved surface photo-voltage (SPV) experiments were performed using time resolved...
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Curtis IS, Wills RJ, Dasog M. Photocatalytic hydrogen generation using mesoporous silicon nanoparticles: influence of magnesiothermic reduction conditions and nanoparticle aging on the catalytic activity. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2685-2692. [PMID: 33496714 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07463b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mesoporous silicon (mp-Si) nanoparticles (NPs) have been recognized as promising materials for sustainable photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation, which is both an important chemical feedstock and potential clean energy vector. These materials are commonly prepared via magnesiothermic reduction of silica precursors due to the ease, scalability, and tunability of this reaction. In this work, we investigate how the conditions of magnesiothermic reduction (i.e. reaction temperature and time) influence the performance of mp-Si for photocatalytic H2 generation. The mp-Si NPs were prepared using either the conventional single temperature heating method (650 °C for 3 or 6 h) or a two-temperature method in which the reaction is initially heated to 650 °C for 0.5 h, followed by a second step heating at 100 (mp-Si100), 200 (mp-Si200), or 300 °C (mp-Si300) for 6 h. Of these, mp-Si300 was the best performing photocatalyst and showed the highest H2 evolution rate (4437 μmol h-1 g-1 Si). Our results suggest that crystallinity has a profound effect on the performance of mp-Si photocatalysts. Additionally, high amounts of oxygen and particle sintering lower H2 evolution rates by introducing defect states or grain boundaries. It was also discovered that aging mp-Si NPs under ambient conditions result in continued surface oxidation which deleteriously affects its photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel S Curtis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Ryan J Wills
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Mita Dasog
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Ming T, Turishchev S, Schleusener A, Parinova E, Koyuda D, Chuvenkova O, Schulz M, Dietzek B, Sivakov V. Silicon Suboxides as Driving Force for Efficient Light-Enhanced Hydrogen Generation on Silicon Nanowires. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007650. [PMID: 33522106 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient light-stimulated hydrogen generation from top-down produced highly doped n-type silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in water-containing medium under white light irradiation is reported. It is observed that SiNWs with AgNPs generate at least 2.5 times more hydrogen than SiNWs without AgNPs. The authors' results, based on vibrational, UV-vis, and X-ray spectroscopy studies, strongly suggest that the sidewalls of the SiNWs are covered by silicon suboxides, by up to a thickness of 120 nm, with wide bandgap semiconductor properties that are similar to those of titanium dioxide and remain stable during hydrogen evolution in a water-containing medium for at least 3 h of irradiation. Based on synchrotron studies, it is found that the increase in the silicon bandgap is related to the energetically beneficial position of the valence band in nanostructured silicon, which renders these promising structures for efficient hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsen Ming
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Sergey Turishchev
- Joint Laboratory Electronic Structure of Solids, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl.1, Voronezh, 394018, Russia
| | - Alexander Schleusener
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Elena Parinova
- Joint Laboratory Electronic Structure of Solids, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl.1, Voronezh, 394018, Russia
| | - Dmitry Koyuda
- Joint Laboratory Electronic Structure of Solids, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl.1, Voronezh, 394018, Russia
| | - Olga Chuvenkova
- Joint Laboratory Electronic Structure of Solids, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl.1, Voronezh, 394018, Russia
| | - Martin Schulz
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Center of Energy and Environment Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Vladimir Sivakov
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
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