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Zhou H, Qi G, Li W, Song W, Yuan Z. Fe-Doped SrCoO x FET Sensors for Extreme Alkaline pH Sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14027-14036. [PMID: 38920353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The accurate measurement of pH in highly alkaline environments is critical for various industrial applications but remains a complex task. This paper discusses the development of novel Fe-doped SrCoOx-based FET sensors for the detection of extreme alkaline pH levels. Through a comprehensive investigation of the effects of Fe doping on the structure, electrical properties, and sensing performance of SrCoOx, we have identified the optimal doping level that significantly enhances the sensor's performance in highly alkaline conditions. With a Fe doping level of 5 mol %, the sensitivity of the sensor improves to 0.86 lg(Ω)/pH while maintaining the response rate. Further increasing the Fe doping to 10 mol % results in a sensor that demonstrates favorable response time, a suitable pH range, and a linear correlation between lg(R) and pH. The combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis provides insight into the regulation mechanisms of Fe doping on the crystal structure, electronic structure, and oxygen vacancy concentration of SrCoOx. Our findings indicate that Fe doping leads to an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration and a decrease in the energy barrier for oxygen ion migration, which contributes to the improved sensing performance of the Fe-doped SrCoOx sensors. Additionally, the study highlights the influence of oxygen vacancy concentration on the electrical properties of SrCoOx. Precise control over the concentration of oxygen vacancies is crucial for optimizing the sensitivity and response speed of SrCoOx FET sensors under extreme alkalinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Photoelectric Materials & Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Gaocan Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Photoelectric Materials & Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Photoelectric Materials & Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wencheng Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Photoelectric Materials & Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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Matsubara K, Takahashi K, Matsuda T, Ueki Y, Seko N, Kakuchi R. GFN-xTB-Based Computations Provide Comprehensive Insights into Emulsion Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300480. [PMID: 37906113 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a deep insight into emulsion radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) was obtained by computing explicit solvation free energies, conformational entropy, monomer radius and dipole moments with the state-of-the-art Conformer-Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool (CREST) package primarily at semiempirical GFN-xTB level. By leveraging the robustness of the CREST package, above parameters provided dynamic nature of methacrylate monomers with the consideration of realistic emulsion conditions. With the chemical and physical importance of the above results, CREST-determined explanatory variables sufficiently led to the building of the prediction models for the RIGP of methacrylate monomers. The machine learning model building resulted in effective reactivity predictions and unveiled important factors for the radiation-induced graft polymerization in a chemically interpretable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiho Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Faculty of Information Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1, Wajiro-higashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 811-0295, Japan
- School of Statistical Thinking, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Midoricyo10-3, Tachikawa-City, Tokyo, 190-8562, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsuda
- Faculty of Management and Information, Hannan University, 5-4-33, Amami, Higashi, Matsubara, Osaka, 580-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueki
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Noriaki Seko
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kakuchi
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
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3
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Nakakubo K, Endo M, Sakai Y, Biswas FB, Wong KH, Mashio AS, Taniguchi T, Nishimura T, Maeda K, Hasegawa H. Cross-linked dithiocarbamate-modified cellulose with enhanced thermal stability and dispersibility as a sorbent for arsenite removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135671. [PMID: 35842048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous reports have described dithiocarbamate (DTC)-modified cellulose sorbents that can selectively separate metal ions from water. We have previously synthesized a novel sorbent modified with DTC containing N-heterocycles in the backbone for the selective removal of hazardous metal ions. The sorbent was found to partially dissolve and aggregate in solution, reducing its sorption capacity. In this study, to prepare the sorbent for use as a soli-phase extraction material for the removal of arsenite (AsIII) ions, we attempted to decrease the solubility of the sorbent. The sorbent was cross-linked with epoxy or complexed with iron, and the quantities of the modifiers were varied between 3.0 and 10 mol%. As a result, the iron-complexed sorbents were still partially soluble, and cross-linkage with 6.0 mol% of epoxy made the sorbent almost insoluble and dispersed in solution. This sorbent also exhibited the highest AsIII sorption performance among the sorbents synthesized in this study. Although DTC-modified polymers are reported to lose their sorption capability after storage at 40 °C, the sorbent was found to be thermally stable. The optimum contact time and pH for AsIII removal were 20 min and 3.0, respectively. The maximum sorption capacity of the epoxy-cross-linked sorbent, calculated from the Langmuir isotherm equation, was 600 μmol g-1 (45 mg g-1) at 25 °C. Additionally, the sorbent was highly selective toward AsIII compared with previously reported sorbents and capable of removing approximately 97% of AsIII from environmental water. In conclusion, cross-linking enhances the stability of the sorbents in solutions, which facilitates the removal of AsIII from environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakakubo
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Masaru Endo
- Daicel Corporation, 1239 Shinzaike, Aboshi-ku, Himeji-Shi, Hyogo, 671-1283, Japan.
| | - Yuto Sakai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Foni B Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Kuo H Wong
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Asami S Mashio
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishimura
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Hu Q, Wang W, Ma T, Zhang C, Kuang J, Wang R. Anti-UV and hydrophobic dual-functional coating fabrication for flame retardant polyester fabrics by surface-initiated PET RAFT technique. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hyder MKZ, Ochiai B. Synthesis of a Highly Selective Scavenger of Precious Metals from a Printed Circuit Board Based on Cellulose Filter Paper Functionalized with a Grafted Polymer Chain Bearing N-Methyl-2-hydroxyethylcarbamothioate Moieties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10355-10364. [PMID: 35382283 PMCID: PMC8973153 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and practical application of a novel scavenger for precious metals. The scavenger was prepared from cellulose filter paper with grafted chains of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) modified with a novel ligand group of N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylcarbamothioate moieties, introduced by the reaction with O-1-mercapto-3-phenoxypropan-2-yl N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylcarbamothioate. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the capability of the scavenger in ranges of pH and acid concentration as well as to determine the kinetics and isotherm models. The scavenger was found to adsorb only Ag(I), Pd(II), and Au(III) from an aqueous media in the presence of coexisting ions of different bases and precious metals at wide ranges of pH and acid concentration. The adsorption rates fit a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the adsorption reached equilibrium within 60 min. The isotherm studies indicated that the obtained data were a good fit with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of Ag(I), Pd(II), and Au(III) were 126.95, 124.67, and 230.67 mg g-1, respectively. Regeneration experiments indicated that the adsorbent maintained 97% of its initial efficiency even after five adsorption/desorption cycles. The scavenger was effectively utilized to recover Ag(I), Pd(II), and Au(III) from an aqua regia solution of waste printed circuit boards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bungo Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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6
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Dong Z, Wang Y, Wen D, Peng J, Zhao L, Zhai M. Recent progress in environmental applications of functional adsorbent prepared by radiation techniques: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:126887. [PMID: 34763925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has been accelerated due to fast urbanization and industrialization, and thus hazardous contaminants removal and valuable metal recovery have become urgent. Adsorption has become a promising technology for water treatment because of its advantages of low-cost, good reusability, low energy consumption, high capacity and high selectivity. Particularly, radiation techniques including radiation induced graft copolymerization and radiation crosslinking have been found to be widely utilized to exploit adsorbents for water treatment. In this review, the current status and progress of adsorbents in environmental pollution in the past decade are summarized, including adsorbents (in form of particles, fiber and fabric, membrane, novel nanomaterials) synthesized by radiation induced graft copolymerization and hydrogel-based adsorbents fabricated by radiation crosslinking. Finally, further perspective on the development and challenge of adsorbents by radiation techniques is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Maolin Zhai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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7
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Nakakubo K, Nishimura T, Biswas FB, Endo M, Wong KH, Mashio AS, Taniguchi T, Nishimura T, Maeda K, Hasegawa H. Speciation analysis of inorganic selenium in wastewater using a highly selective cellulose-based adsorbent via liquid electrode plasma optical emission spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127250. [PMID: 34600387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Speciation of selenium (Se) is typically carried out using a sophisticated technique such as ICP-MS after preconcentration using an adsorbent; however, the separation and preconcentration of inorganic Se has not been realized in the solutions containing high concentrations of SO42-. A dithiocarbamate-modified cellulose (DMC) was used in this study for the selective extraction and preconcentration of inorganic Se in wastewater, with a portable liquid electrode plasma-optical emission spectrometry (LEP-OES) being employed for quantification. DMC was found to selectively and quantitatively adsorb selenite (SeIV) over a wide range of pH (1.0-8.0); however, less than 3.0% of selenate (SeVI) was adsorbed in a pH range of 3.0-11. Quantitative extraction of SeIV was achieved even in the presence of 3.5 mol L-1 SO42-. The maximum sample volume from which 10 mg of DMC could quantitatively extract SeIV was found to be 500 mL. KOH (0.60 mL, 1.5 mol L-1) was found to quantitatively desorb SeIV retained on the adsorbent and yielded an enrichment factor of 833. The recovery of Se species from synthetic flue-gas desulfurization wastewater containing SeIV and SeVI at concentrations of 5.0 µmol L-1 was 96.2 ± 1.8% and 105.8 ± 1.8%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakakubo
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Foni B Biswas
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Masaru Endo
- Daicel Corporation, 1239 Shinzaike, Aboshi-ku, Himeji-Shi, Hyogo 671-1283, Japan
| | - Kuo H Wong
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Asami S Mashio
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishimura
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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8
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Omichi M, Seko N, Maekawa Y. Synergizing radiation-induced emulsion graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate on polyethylene-coated polypropylene nonwoven fabric by addition of hydrophobic alcohols. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Maleki F, Gholami M, Torkaman R, Torab-Mostaedi M, Asadollahzadeh M. Multivariate optimization of removing of cobalt(II) with an efficient aminated-GMA polypropylene adsorbent by induced-grafted polymerization under simultaneous gamma-ray irradiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18317. [PMID: 34526607 PMCID: PMC8443739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, radiation grafting polymer adsorbents have been widely developed due to their advantages, such as low operating cost, high efficiency. In this research, glycidyl methacrylate monomers were grafted on polypropylene polymer fibers by simultaneous irradiation of gamma-ray with a dose of 20 kGy. The grafted polymer was then modified using different amino groups and tested for adsorption of cobalt ions in an aqueous solution. Finally, the modified polymer adsorbent with a high efficiency for cobalt ions adsorption was synthesized and tested. Different modes of cobalt ions adsorption were tested in other adsorption conditions, including adsorption contact time, pH, different amounts of adsorbent mass, and different concentrations of cobalt ions solution. The adsorbent structure was characterized with FT-IR, XRD, TG and SEM techniques and illustrated having an efficient grafting percentage and adsorption capability for cobalt removing by batch experiments. The optimum conditions were obtained by a central composite design: adsorbent mass = 0.07 g, initial concentration = 40 mg/L, time = 182 min, and pH = 4.5 with ethylenediamine as a modified monomer and high amination percentage. Kinetics and equilibrium isotherms observation described that the experimental data followed pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity from Langmuir isotherm capacity is obtained equal to 68.02 mg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maleki
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Gholami
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Torkaman
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Torab-Mostaedi
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadollahzadeh
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran.
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Ashfaq A, Clochard MC, Coqueret X, Dispenza C, Driscoll MS, Ulański P, Al-Sheikhly M. Polymerization Reactions and Modifications of Polymers by Ionizing Radiation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2877. [PMID: 33266261 PMCID: PMC7760743 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has become the most effective way to modify natural and synthetic polymers through crosslinking, degradation, and graft polymerization. This review will include an in-depth analysis of radiation chemistry mechanisms and the kinetics of the radiation-induced C-centered free radical, anion, and cation polymerization, and grafting. It also presents sections on radiation modifications of synthetic and natural polymers. For decades, low linear energy transfer (LLET) ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and up to 10 MeV electron beams, has been the primary tool to produce many products through polymerization reactions. Photons and electrons interaction with polymers display various mechanisms. While the interactions of gamma ray and X-ray photons are mainly through the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair-production, the interactions of the high-energy electrons take place through coulombic interactions. Despite the type of radiation used on materials, photons or high energy electrons, in both cases ions and electrons are produced. The interactions between electrons and monomers takes place within less than a nanosecond. Depending on the dose rate (dose is defined as the absorbed radiation energy per unit mass), the kinetic chain length of the propagation can be controlled, hence allowing for some control over the degree of polymerization. When polymers are submitted to high-energy radiation in the bulk, contrasting behaviors are observed with a dominant effect of cross-linking or chain scission, depending on the chemical nature and physical characteristics of the material. Polymers in solution are subject to indirect effects resulting from the radiolysis of the medium. Likewise, for radiation-induced polymerization, depending on the dose rate, the free radicals generated on polymer chains can undergo various reactions, such as inter/intramolecular combination or inter/intramolecular disproportionation, b-scission. These reactions lead to structural or functional polymer modifications. In the presence of oxygen, playing on irradiation dose-rates, one can favor crosslinking reactions or promotes degradations through oxidations. The competition between the crosslinking reactions of C-centered free radicals and their reactions with oxygen is described through fundamental mechanism formalisms. The fundamentals of polymerization reactions are herein presented to meet industrial needs for various polymer materials produced or degraded by irradiation. Notably, the medical and industrial applications of polymers are endless and thus it is vital to investigate the effects of sterilization dose and dose rate on various polymers and copolymers with different molecular structures and morphologies. The presence or absence of various functional groups, degree of crystallinity, irradiation temperature, etc. all greatly affect the radiation chemistry of the irradiated polymers. Over the past decade, grafting new chemical functionalities on solid polymers by radiation-induced polymerization (also called RIG for Radiation-Induced Grafting) has been widely exploited to develop innovative materials in coherence with actual societal expectations. These novel materials respond not only to health emergencies but also to carbon-free energy needs (e.g., hydrogen fuel cells, piezoelectricity, etc.) and environmental concerns with the development of numerous specific adsorbents of chemical hazards and pollutants. The modification of polymers through RIG is durable as it covalently bonds the functional monomers. As radiation penetration depths can be varied, this technique can be used to modify polymer surface or bulk. The many parameters influencing RIG that control the yield of the grafting process are discussed in this review. These include monomer reactivity, irradiation dose, solvent, presence of inhibitor of homopolymerization, grafting temperature, etc. Today, the general knowledge of RIG can be applied to any solid polymer and may predict, to some extent, the grafting location. A special focus is on how ionizing radiation sources (ion and electron beams, UVs) may be chosen or mixed to combine both solid polymer nanostructuration and RIG. LLET ionizing radiation has also been extensively used to synthesize hydrogel and nanogel for drug delivery systems and other advanced applications. In particular, nanogels can either be produced by radiation-induced polymerization and simultaneous crosslinking of hydrophilic monomers in "nanocompartments", i.e., within the aqueous phase of inverse micelles, or by intramolecular crosslinking of suitable water-soluble polymers. The radiolytically produced oxidizing species from water, •OH radicals, can easily abstract H-atoms from the backbone of the dissolved polymers (or can add to the unsaturated bonds) leading to the formation of C-centered radicals. These C-centered free radicals can undergo two main competitive reactions; intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinking. When produced by electron beam irradiation, higher temperatures, dose rates within the pulse, and pulse repetition rates favour intramolecular crosslinking over intermolecular crosslinking, thus enabling a better control of particle size and size distribution. For other water-soluble biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, DNA and RNA, the abstraction of H atoms or the addition to the unsaturation by •OH can lead to the direct scission of the backbone, double, or single strand breaks of these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Marie-Claude Clochard
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS-CNRS- Ecole Polytechnique UMR 7642, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Xavier Coqueret
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Clelia Dispenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Istituto di BioFisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark S. Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- UV/EB Technology Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Piotr Ulański
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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12
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Hoshina H, Chen J, Amada H, Seko N. Chain Entanglement of 2-Ethylhexyl Hydrogen-2-Ethylhexylphosphonate into Methacrylate-Grafted Nonwoven Fabrics for Applications in Separation and Recovery of Dy (III) and Nd (III) from Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2656. [PMID: 33187185 PMCID: PMC7697889 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A nonwoven fabric adsorbent loaded with 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen-2-ethylhexylphosphonate (EHEP) was developed for the separation and recovery of dysprosium (Dy) and neodymium (Nd) from an aqueous solution. The adsorbent was prepared by the radiation-induced graft polymerization of a methacrylate monomer with a long alkyl chain onto a nonwoven fabric and the subsequent loading of EHEP by hydrophobic interaction and chain entanglement between the alkyl chains. The adsorbent was evaluated by batch and column tests with a Dy (III) and Nd (III) aqueous solution. In the batch tests, the adsorbent showed high Dy (III) adsorptivity close to 25.0 mg/g but low Nd (III) adsorptivity below 1.0 mg/g, indicating that the adsorbent had high selective adsorption. In particular, the octadecyl methacrylate (OMA)-adsorbent showed adsorption stability in repeated tests. In the column tests, the OMA-adsorbent was also stable and showed high Dy (III) adsorptivity and high selectivity in repeated adsorption-elution circle tests. This result suggested that the OMA-adsorbent may be a promising adsorbent for the separation and recovery of Dy (III) and Nd (III) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hoshina
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan; (H.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan; (H.A.); (N.S.)
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