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Tian Y, Liu Q, Ma Y, Wang N, Gu Y. Dielectric resonances of the cylindrical micro/nano cavity within epsilon-near-zero materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37789-37801. [PMID: 38017901 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The dielectric resonances of spherically symmetric micro/nano cavity in zero-index materials have been systematically studied. However, the resonance properties of other shaped dielectric cavities in zero-index materials remain unclear. Here, we theoretically investigate the electromagnetic resonances of the dielectric cavity with cylindrical symmetry in the epsilon-near-zero materials. This kind of cavity supports a set of resonances with strong light confinement, including dipole, quadrupole and higher-order modes with multiple nodes. Furthermore, there is a redshift of the resonance wavelength with an increment of its size, obeying a law as the function of diameter and height. Also, we find that the redshift will be slower for higher-order modes. Through the infinite refractive index contrast and extra degree of freedom, they should have potential application in the enhancement of light-matter interaction and multiple-functional light manipulation in the integrated optical systems.
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2
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He R, Meunier M, Dong Z, Cai H, Gao W, Zuniga-Perez J, Liu X. Interplay of Purcell effect and extraction efficiency in CsPbBr 3 quantum dots coupled to Mie resonators. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1652-1660. [PMID: 36606730 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05945b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots have risen in recent years as efficient active materials in numerous optoelectronic applications ranging from solar cells to light-emitting diodes and lasers, and have lately been tested as quantum emitters. Perovskite quantum dots are often coupled to photonic structures either to enhance their emission properties, by accelerating their emission rate thanks to the Purcell effect, or to increase light extraction. From a theoretical point of view, the first effect is often considered at the single-dipole level while the latter is often treated at the mesoscopic level, except possibly for quantum emitters. In this work we employ a layer of perovskite quantum dots coupled to dielectric Mie resonators to exploit both effects simultaneously and achieve an 18-fold increase in luminescence. Our numerical simulations, combined with spatially- and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, reveal how the macroscopic response of the perovskite-on-Mie resonator structure results from the interplay of the two effects averaged over the whole spatial distribution of emitters. Our work provides thus guiding principles for maximizing the output intensity of quantum emitters embedded into photonic resonators as well as classical emitters integrated in perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua He
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Max Meunier
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, 06560 Valbonne, France
- MajuLab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Hongbing Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Weibo Gao
- MajuLab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jesus Zuniga-Perez
- MajuLab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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3
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Abadie C, Paggi L, Fabas A, Khalili A, Dang TH, Dabard C, Cavallo M, Alchaar R, Zhang H, Prado Y, Bardou N, Dupuis C, Xu XZ, Ithurria S, Pierucci D, Utterback JK, Fix B, Vincent G, Bouchon P, Lhuillier E. Helmholtz Resonator Applied to Nanocrystal-Based Infrared Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8779-8785. [PMID: 36190814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While the integration of nanocrystals as an active medium for optoelectronic devices progresses, light management strategies are becoming required. Over recent years, several photonic structures (plasmons, cavities, mirrors, etc.) have been coupled to nanocrystal films to shape the absorption spectrum, tune the directionality, and so on. Here, we explore a photonic equivalent of the acoustic Helmholtz resonator and propose a design that can easily be fabricated. This geometry combines a strong electromagnetic field magnification and a narrow channel width compatible with efficient charge conduction despite hopping conduction. At 80 K, the device reaches a responsivity above 1 A·W-1 and a detectivity above 1011 Jones (3 μm cutoff) while offering a significantly faster time-response than vertical geometry diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Abadie
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Paggi
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Alice Fabas
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Adrien Khalili
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Tung Huu Dang
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mariarosa Cavallo
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Alchaar
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Huichen Zhang
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yoann Prado
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Bardou
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Christophe Dupuis
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Xiang Zhen Xu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Ithurria
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Debora Pierucci
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - James K Utterback
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Fix
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Grégory Vincent
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Patrick Bouchon
- DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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4
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Shi W, Liu H, Wang Z. Gain-Assisted Giant Third-Order Nonlinearity of Epsilon-Near-Zero Multilayered Metamaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3499. [PMID: 36234626 PMCID: PMC9565463 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) Au/dye-doped fused silica multilayered metamaterials in the visible spectral range for TM incident by using nonlocal effective medium theory at different incidence angles. The nonlocal response affects the permittivity of anisotropic metamaterials when the thickness of the layer cannot be much smaller than the incident wavelength. By doping pump dye gain material within the dielectric layer to compensate for the metal loss, the imaginary part of the effective permittivity is reduced to 10-4, and the optical nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient are enhanced. The real and imaginary parts of the permittivity are simultaneously minimized when the central emission wavelength of the gain material is close to the ENZ wavelength, and the nonlinear refraction coefficient reaches the order of 10-5 cm2/W, which is five orders of magnitude larger than that of the nonlinear response of the metamaterial without the gain medium. Our results demonstrate that a smaller imaginary part of the permittivity can be obtained by doping gain materials within the dielectric layer; it offers the promise of designing metamaterials with large nonlinearity at arbitrary wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Tailoring Resonant Energy Transfer Processes for Sustainable and Bio-Inspired Sensing. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dipole–Dipole interactions (DDI) constitute an effective mechanism by which two physical entities can interact with each other. DDI processes can occur in a resonance framework if the energies of the two dipoles are very close. In this case, an energy transfer can occur without the need to emit a photon, taking the name of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Given their large dependence on the distance and orientation between the two dipoles, as well as on the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, DDIs are exceptional for sensing applications. There are two main ways to carry out FRET-based sensing: (i) enhancing or (ii) inhibiting it. Interaction with resonant environments such as plasmonic, optical cavities, and/or metamaterials promotes the former while acting on the distance between the FRET molecules favors the latter. In this review, we browse both the two ways, pointing the spotlight to the intrinsic interdisciplinarity these two sensing routes imply. We showcase FRET-based sensing mechanisms in a variety of contexts, from pH sensors to molecular structure measurements on a nano-metrical scale, with a particular accent on the central and still mostly overlooked role played between a nano-photonically structured environment and photoluminescent molecules.
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6
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Inter-Cavity Coupling Strength Control in Metal/Insulator Multilayers for Hydrogen Sensing. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) sensing is crucial for modern energy storage technology, which looks to hydrogen as the most promising alternative to fossil fuels. In this respect, magnesium (Mg) offers unique possibilities, since magnesium and hydrogen easily undergo a reversible hydrogenation reaction where Mg reversibly converts into MgH2. From an optical point of view, this process produces an abrupt refractive index change, which can be exploited for sensing applications. To maximize this opportunity, we envision an architecture composed of two Ag/ITO/Mg metal/dielectric resonators facing each other and displaced by 200 nm of vacuum. This structure forms a so-called Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) multi-cavity resonator, in which the two internal Mg layers, used as tunneling coupling metals, are accessible to environmental agents. We demonstrate that the hydrogenation of the two Mg layers leads to substantial changes in the strong coupling between the cavities composing the entire resonator, with a consequent abrupt modification of the spectral response, thus enabling the sensing mechanism. One of the main advantages of the proposed system with respect to previous research is that the proposed multilayered architecture avoids the need for lithographic processes. This feature makes the proposed architecture inexpensive and wafer-to-chip scalable, considering that each kind of substrate from common glass to silicon can be used. Therefore, our sensing architecture offers great promise for applications in embedded H2 sensors.
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7
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Photonic Cavity Effects for Enhanced Efficiency in Layered Perovskite-Based Light-Emitting Diodes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112947. [PMID: 34835709 PMCID: PMC8622141 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Layered architectures for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are the standard approach for solution-processable materials such as metal-halide perovskites. Upon designing the composition and thicknesses of the layers forming the LED, the primary focus is typically on the optimization of charge injection and balance. However, this approach only considers the process until electrons and holes recombine to generate photons, while for achieving optimized LED performance, the generated light must also be efficiently outcoupled. Our work focuses on the latter aspect. We assume efficient photon generation and analyze the effects of the geometrical configuration together with the dipole orientation, mimicking the light emission, on the main characteristics defining the LED, such as the Purcell effect and the outcoupling efficiency. We find that in-plane dipoles result in significantly increased outcoupling efficiency. Furthermore, the mismatch in refractive index among the layers and their different thicknesses can be tuned to maximize the Purcell effect and minimize internal losses. The combined optimization of dipole orientation and layer thicknesses can improve the efficiency of the LED up to a factor 10, hence highlighting the importance of considering also the photonic properties of the LED structures if the objective is to maximize the LED performance.
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8
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Abstract
A bio-photonic cavity quantum electrodynamic (C-QED) framework could be imagined as a system in which both the “cavity” and the “atom” participating in the light-matter interaction scenario are bio-inspired. Can a cavity be made of a bio-polymer? If so, how should such a cavity appear and what are the best polymers to fabricate it? Can a bioluminescent material stand the comparison with new-fashion semiconductors? In this review we answer these fundamental questions to pave the way toward an eco-friendly paradigm, in which the ever-increasing demand for more performing quantum photonics technologies meets the ever-increasing yet silent demand of our planet to reduce our environmental footprint.
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9
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Minn K, Anopchenko A, Chang CW, Mishra R, Kim J, Zhang Z, Lu YJ, Gwo S, Lee HWH. Enhanced Spontaneous Emission of Monolayer MoS 2 on Epitaxially Grown Titanium Nitride Epsilon-Near-Zero Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4928-4936. [PMID: 34109795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature photoluminescence enhancement of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers on epitaxial titanium nitride (TiN) thin films grown by molecular-beam-epitaxy as well as magnetron-sputtered TiN films is observed by a confocal laser scanning microscope with excitation wavelengths covering the transition of TiN's macroscopic optical properties from dielectric to plasmonic. The photoluminescence enhancement increases as TiN becomes more metallic, and strong enhancement is obtained at the excitation wavelengths equal to or longer than the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) wavelength of TiN films. A good agreement is observed between measured and calculated enhancements. The enhancement is attributed to the increased excitation field in MoS2 at TiN's ENZ wavelength and interference effects for thick spacers that separate the MoS2 flakes from TiN films in the metallic regime. This study enriches the fundamental understanding of emission properties on ENZ substrates that could be important for the development of advanced nanoscale lasers/light sources, optical/biosensors, and nano-optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khant Minn
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Aleksei Anopchenko
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ragini Mishra
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jinmin Kim
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ho Wai Howard Lee
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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10
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Lu H, Zhu T, Zhang J, Liu HC, Shen KS, Zheng Y, Dong SQ, Xia SQ, Dong C, Li XK, Luo WY, Sun XL, Zhang XZ, Xue CH. Nonreciprocal Tamm plasmon absorber based on lossy epsilon-near-zero materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:17736-17745. [PMID: 34154050 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to conventional Tamm plasmon (TP) absorbers of which narrow absorptance peaks will shift toward short wavelengths (blueshift) as the incident angle increases for both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations, here we theoretically and experimentally achieve nonreciprocal absorption in a planar photonic heterostructure composed of an isotropic epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) slab and a truncated photonic crystal for TM polarization. This exotic phenomenon results from the interplay between ENZ and material loss. And the boundary condition across the ENZ interface and the confinement effect provided by the TP can enhance the absorption in the ENZ slab greatly. As a result, a strong and nonreciprocal absorptance peak is observed experimentally with a maximum absorptance value of 93% in an angle range of 60∼70°. Moreover, this TP absorber shows strong angle-independence and polarization-dependence. As the characteristics above are not at a cost of extra nanopatterning, this structure is promising to offer a practical design in narrowband thermal emitter, highly sensitive biosensing, and nonreciprocal nonlinear optical devices.
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11
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Yan D, Mo Q, Zhao S, Cai W, Zang Z. Room temperature synthesis of Sn 2+ doped highly luminescent CsPbBr 3 quantum dots for high CRI white light-emitting diodes. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9740-9746. [PMID: 34019052 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01492g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) being able to exceed 90% for those prepared by the hot injection method, CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) have attracted intensive attention for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, the whole process is carried out in a 3-neck flask via air isolation and at a relatively high temperature. In addition, CsPbBr3 QDs suffer from poor stability under ambient atmosphere. In this work, an effective strategy through doping of Sn2+ ions at room-temperature is proposed to improve the emission efficiency and stability of CsPbBr3 QDs. Compared with pure CsPbBr3 QDs, a higher PLQY and a better stability are obtained. The detailed physical mechanism for this performance enhancement is discussed and described. An optimum result is found at an Sn2+ doping amount of 20%, which shows a high PLQY of 82.77%. WLEDs based on these 20% Sn2+ doped CsPbBr3 QDs are also studied, exhibiting a high color rendering index of 89 and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3954. The method proposed here provides an effective strategy to enhance the fluorescence and stability of CsPbBr3 QDs, which might have promising potential in the lighting fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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12
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Abstract
Graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials provide a unique scaffold for designing nanophotonic devices with active functionalities. In this work, we have theoretically demonstrated that the characteristics of a polarization-dependent tunable hyperbolic microcavity in the mid-infrared frequencies could be realized by modulating the thickness of the dielectric layers, and thus breaking periodicity in a graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial stack. Transmission of the tunable microcavity shows a Fabry-Perot resonant mode with a Q-factor > 20, and a sixfold local enhancement of electric field intensity. It was found that by varying the gating voltage of graphene from 2 to 8 V, the device could be self-regulated with respect to both the intensity (up to 30%) and spectrum (up to 2.1 µm). In addition, the switching of the device was considered over a wide range of incident angles for both the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. Finally, numerical analysis indicated that a topological transition between elliptic and type II hyperbolic dispersion could be actively switched. The proposed scheme represents a remarkably versatile platform for the mid-infrared wave manipulation and may find applications in many multi-functional architectures, including ultra-sensitive filters, low-threshold lasers, and photonic chips.
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13
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Metamaterials-Enabled Sensing for Human-Machine Interfacing. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010161. [PMID: 33383751 PMCID: PMC7795397 DOI: 10.3390/s21010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our modern lives have been radically revolutionized by mechanical or electric machines that redefine and recreate the way we work, communicate, entertain, and travel. Whether being perceived or not, human-machine interfacing (HMI) technologies have been extensively employed in our daily lives, and only when the machines can sense the ambient through various signals, they can respond to human commands for finishing desired tasks. Metamaterials have offered a great platform to develop the sensing materials and devices from different disciplines with very high accuracy, thus enabling the great potential for HMI applications. For this regard, significant progresses have been achieved in the recent decade, but haven’t been reviewed systematically yet. In the Review, we introduce the working principle, state-of-the-art sensing metamaterials, and the corresponding enabled HMI applications. For practical HMI applications, four kinds of signals are usually used, i.e., light, heat, sound, and force, and therefore the progresses in these four aspects are discussed in particular. Finally, the future directions for the metamaterials-based HMI applications are outlined and discussed.
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14
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Adl H, Gorji S, Habil MK, Suárez I, Chirvony VS, Gualdrón-Reyes AF, Mora-Seró I, Valencia LM, de la Mata M, Hernández-Saz J, Molina SI, Zapata-Rodríguez CJ, Martínez-Pastor JP. Purcell Enhancement and Wavelength Shift of Emitted Light by CsPbI 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Coupled to Hyperbolic Metamaterials. ACS PHOTONICS 2020; 7:3152-3160. [PMID: 33241076 PMCID: PMC7678722 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the exciton emission rate in nanocrystals of lead halide perovskites (LHPs) was demonstrated by means of coupling of excitons with a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) consisting of alternating thin metal (Ag) and dielectric (LiF) layers. Such a coupling is found to induce an increase of the exciton radiative recombination rate by more than a factor of three due to the Purcell effect when the distance between the quantum emitter and HMM is nominally as small as 10 nm, which coincides well with the results of our theoretical analysis. Besides, an effect of the coupling-induced long wavelength shift of the exciton emission spectrum is detected and modeled. These results can be of interest for quantum information applications of single emitters on the basis of perovskite nanocrystals with high photon emission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid
Pashaei Adl
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales (ICMUV), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Setatira Gorji
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales (ICMUV), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Isaac Suárez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales (ICMUV), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Electrónica, Escuela Técnica
Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad
de Valencia, Avenida
de la Universidad s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Vladimir S. Chirvony
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales (ICMUV), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Andrés F. Gualdrón-Reyes
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Luisa M. Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencia de
los Materiales e IM
y QI. F. Ciencias, IMEYMAT, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real
(Cádiz), Spain
| | - María de la Mata
- Departamento de Ciencia de
los Materiales e IM
y QI. F. Ciencias, IMEYMAT, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real
(Cádiz), Spain
| | - Jesús Hernández-Saz
- Departamento
de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte,
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino Descubrimientos, s/n.- Isla Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sergio I. Molina
- Departamento de Ciencia de
los Materiales e IM
y QI. F. Ciencias, IMEYMAT, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real
(Cádiz), Spain
| | - Carlos J. Zapata-Rodríguez
- Departament
d’Òptica i Optometria i Ciències de la Visió,
Facultad de Física, Universitat
de València, C/Dr
Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan P. Martínez-Pastor
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales (ICMUV), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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15
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Ding Y, Xu Y, He A, Zhang T, Gao B, Zhang J. Radiation properties of quantum emitters via a plasmonic waveguide integrated with a V-shaped traveling wave antenna. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33135-33144. [PMID: 33114982 DOI: 10.1364/oe.405653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the radiation direction and relaxation rate of quantum emitters (QEs) coupled with a plasmonic waveguide integrated with a V-shaped traveling wave antenna. The plasmonic waveguide couples the excitation energy of the nearby QEs into surface plasmons and the connected V-shaped traveling wave antenna converts them into highly directional radiation. The directivity of the radiation depends on the shape of the antenna. The half-power beam widths of the radiation with respect to the azimuthal and polar angles are as small as 15.1° and 13.1°, respectively, when the antenna has a 144° intersection angle. The relaxation rates of the QEs are enhanced up to 33.04 times relative to the intrinsic emission rate. The method to control the fluorescence of QEs is of great significance for optical devices, nanoscale light sources, and integrated optics.
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16
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Dovzhenko D, Martynov I, Samokhvalov P, Osipov E, Lednev M, Chistyakov A, Karaulov A, Nabiev I. Enhancement of spontaneous emission of semiconductor quantum dots inside one-dimensional porous silicon photonic crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:22705-22717. [PMID: 32752526 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlling spontaneous emission by modifying the local electromagnetic environment is of great interest for applications in optoelectronics, biosensing and energy harvesting. Although the development of devices based on one-dimensional porous silicon photonic crystals with embedded luminophores is a promising approach for applications, the efficiency of the embedded luminophores remains a key challenge because of the strong quenching of the emission due to the contact of the luminophores with the surface of porous silicon preventing the observation of interesting light-matter coupling effects. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an increase in the quantum dot (QD) spontaneous emission rate inside a porous silicon microcavity and almost an order of magnitude enhancement of QD photoluminescence intensity in the weak light-matter coupling regime. Furthermore, we have demonstrated drastic alteration of the QD spontaneous emission at the edge of the photonic band gap in porous silicon distributed Bragg reflectors and proved its dependence on the change in the density of photonic states.
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17
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Das S, De A, Samanta A. Ambient Condition Mg 2+ Doping Producing Highly Luminescent Green- and Violet-Emitting Perovskite Nanocrystals with Reduced Toxicity and Enhanced Stability. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1178-1188. [PMID: 31976669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The lack of long-term stability, the presence of toxic lead, and a low photoluminescence (PL) efficiency are the major obstacles to the commercialization of lead-halide perovskite-based optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Herein we report a facile ambient condition doping protocol that addresses all three issues of the CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) to a substantial extent. We show that the room-temperature treatment of these NCs with MgX2 results in the partial (18-23%) replacement of toxic lead, enhances the PL quantum yield of green-emitting CsPbBr3 (to ∼100% from ∼51%) and violet-emitting CsPbCl3 NCs (to ∼79% from ∼1%), and improves the stability under ambient conditions and in the presence of light and a polar solvent. Ultrafast pump-probe and temperature-dependent PL studies reveal that curing of the intrinsic structural disorder, introduction of some shallow energy levels close to the conduction band edge, and effective passivation of the halide deficiency contribute to the improved properties of the doped systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Das
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Apurba De
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Anunay Samanta
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
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18
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Ce3+/Eu2+ Doped Al2O3 Coatings Formed by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Aluminum: Photoluminescence Enhancement by Ce3+→Eu2+ Energy Transfer. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of aluminum in electrolytes containing CeO2 and Eu2O3 powders in various concentrations was used for creating Al2O3 coatings doped with Ce3+ and Eu2+ ions. Phase and chemical composition, surface morphology, photoluminescence (PL) properties and energy transfer from Ce3+ to Eu2+ were investigated. When excited by middle ultraviolet radiation, Al2O3:Ce3+/Eu2+ coatings exhibited intense and broad emission PL bands in the ultraviolet/visible spectral range, attributed to the characteristic electric dipole 4f05d1→4f1 transition of Ce3+ (centered at about 345 nm) and 4f65d1→4f7 transition of Eu2+ (centered at about 405 and 500 nm). Due to the overlap between the PL emission of Al2O3:Ce3+ and the PL excitation of Al2O3:Eu2+, energy transfer from Ce3+ sensitizer to the Eu2+ activator occurs. The energy transfer is identified as an electric dipole–dipole interaction. The critical distance between Eu2+ and Ce3+ ions in Al2O3 was estimated to be 8.6 Å by the spectral overlap method.
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19
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Li Y, Nemilentsau A, Argyropoulos C. Resonance energy transfer and quantum entanglement mediated by epsilon-near-zero and other plasmonic waveguide systems. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14635-14647. [PMID: 31343051 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The resonance energy transfer and entanglement between two-level quantum emitters are typically limited to sub-wavelength distances due to the inherently short-range nature of the dipole-dipole interactions. Moreover, the entanglement of quantum systems is hard to preserve for a long time period due to decoherence and dephasing mainly caused by radiative and nonradiative losses. In this work, we outperform the aforementioned limitations by presenting efficient long-range inter-emitter entanglement and large enhancement of resonance energy transfer between two optical qubits mediated by epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) and other plasmonic waveguide types, such as V-shaped grooves and cylindrical nanorods. More importantly, we explicitly demonstrate that the ENZ waveguide resonant energy transfer and entanglement performance drastically outperforms the other waveguide systems. Only the excited ENZ mode has an infinite phase velocity combined with a strong and homogeneous electric field distribution, which leads to a giant energy transfer and efficient entanglement independent of the emitters' separation distances and nanoscale positions in the ENZ nanowaveguide, an advantageous feature that can potentially accommodate multi-qubit entanglement. Moreover, the transient entanglement can be further improved and become almost independent of the detrimental decoherence effect when an optically active (gain) medium is embedded inside the ENZ waveguide. We also present that efficient steady-state entanglement can be achieved by using a coherent external pumping scheme. Finally, we report a practical way to detect the steady-state entanglement by computing the second-order correlation function. The presented findings stress the importance of plasmonic ENZ waveguides in the design of the envisioned on-chip quantum communication and information processing plasmonic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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20
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Lio GE, Palermo G, Caputo R, De Luca A. A comprehensive optical analysis of nanoscale structures: from thin films to asymmetric nanocavities. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21429-21437. [PMID: 35521354 PMCID: PMC9066160 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and robust method able to evaluate and predict, with high accuracy, the optical properties of single and multi-layer nanostructures is presented. The method was implemented using a COMSOL Multiphysics simulation platform and it has been validated by four case studies with increasing numerical complexities: (i) a single thin layer (20 nm) of Ag deposited on a glass substrate; (ii) a metamaterial composed of five bi-layers of Ag/ITO (indium tin oxide), with a thickness of 20 nm each; (iii) a system based on a three-material unit cell (AZO/ITO/Ag), but without any thickness periodicity (AZO stands for Al2O3/zinc oxide); (iv) an asymmetric nanocavity (thin-ITO/Ag/thick-ITO/Ag). A thorough study of this latter configuration reveals peculiar metamaterial effects that can widen the actual scenario in nanophotonic applications. Numerical results have been compared with experimental data provided by real ellipsometric measurements performed on the above mentioned ad hoc fabricated nanostructures. The obtained agreement is excellent, suggesting this research as a valid design approach to realize multi-band metamaterials able to work in a broad spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Emanuele Lio
- CNR-Nanotec, Cosenza and Physics Department, University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Giovanna Palermo
- CNR-Nanotec, Cosenza and Physics Department, University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Roberto Caputo
- CNR-Nanotec, Cosenza and Physics Department, University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- CNR-Nanotec, Cosenza and Physics Department, University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
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21
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Caligiuri V, Palei M, Biffi G, Artyukhin S, Krahne R. A Semi-Classical View on Epsilon-Near-Zero Resonant Tunneling Modes in Metal/Insulator/Metal Nanocavities. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3151-3160. [PMID: 30920844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal/Insulator/Metal nanocavities (MIMs) are highly versatile systems for nanometric light confinement and waveguiding, and their optical properties are mostly interpreted in terms of surface plasmon polaritons. Although classic electromagnetic theory accurately describes their behavior, it often lacks physical insight, leaving some fundamental aspects of light interaction with these structures unexplored. In this work, we elaborate a quantum mechanical description of the MIM cavity as a double barrier quantum well. We identify the square of the imaginary part κ of the refractive index ñ of the metal as the optical potential and find that MIM cavity resonances are suppressed if the ratio n/κ exceeds a certain limit, which shows that low n and high κ values are desired for strong and sharp cavity resonances. Interestingly, the spectral regions of cavity mode suppression correspond to the interband transitions of the metals, where the optical processes are intrinsically non-Hermitian. The quantum treatment allows to describe the tunnel effect for photons and reveals that the MIM cavity resonances can be excited by resonant tunneling via illumination through the metal, without the need of momentum matching techniques such as prisms or grating couplers. By combining this analysis with spectroscopic ellipsometry on experimental MIM structures and by developing a simple harmonic oscillator model of the MIM for the calculation of its effective permittivity, we show that the cavity eigenmodes coincide with low-loss zeros of the effective permittivity. Therefore, the MIM resonances correspond to epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) eigenmodes that can be excited via resonant tunneling. Our approach provides a toolbox for the engineering of ENZ resonances throughout the entire visible range, which we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically. In particular, we apply our quantum mechanical approach to asymmetric MIM superabsorbers and use it for configuring broadly tunable refractive index sensors. Our work elucidates the role of MIM cavities as photonic analogues to tunnel diodes and opens new perspectives for metamaterials with designed ENZ response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milan Palei
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Genova , Via Dodecaneso, 31 , 16146 Genova , Italy
| | - Giulia Biffi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Genova , Via Dodecaneso, 31 , 16146 Genova , Italy
| | - Sergey Artyukhin
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
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22
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Shen X, Zhang Y, Kershaw SV, Li T, Wang C, Zhang X, Wang W, Li D, Wang Y, Lu M, Zhang L, Sun C, Zhao D, Qin G, Bai X, Yu WW, Rogach AL. Zn-Alloyed CsPbI 3 Nanocrystals for Highly Efficient Perovskite Light-Emitting Devices. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1552-1559. [PMID: 30741555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We alloyed Zn2+ into CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals by partial substitution of Pb2+ with Zn2+, which does not change their crystalline phase. The resulting alloyed CsPb0.64Zn0.36I3 nanocrystals exhibited an improved, close-to-unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 98.5% due to the increased radiative decay rate and the decreased non-radiative decay rate. They also showed an enhanced stability, which correlated with improved effective Goldschmidt tolerance factors, by the incorporation of Zn2+ ions with a smaller radius than the Pb2+ ions. Simultaneously, the nanocrystals switched from n-type (for CsPbI3) to nearly ambipolar for the alloyed nanoparticles. The hole injection barrier of electroluminescent LEDs was effectively eliminated by using alloyed CsPb0.64Zn0.36I3 nanocrystals, and a high peak external quantum efficiency of 15.1% has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen V Kershaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William W Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Louisiana State University , Shreveport , Louisiana 71115 , United States
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
- Beijing Institute of Technology , School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing 100081 , China
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