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Wan J, Tian Y, Wu D, Ye Z, Chen S, Hu Q, Wang M, Lv J, Xu W, Zhang X, Han D, Niu L. Site-Directed Electrochemical Grafting for Amplified Detection of Antibody Pharmaceuticals. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9278-9284. [PMID: 38768425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Antibody pharmaceuticals have become the most popular immunotherapeutic drugs and are often administered with low serum drug dosages. Hence, the development of a highly sensitive method for the quantitative assay of antibody levels is of great importance to individualized therapy. On the basis of the dual signal amplification by the glycan-initiated site-directed electrochemical grafting of polymer chains (glyGPC), we report herein a novel strategy for the amplified electrochemical detection of antibody pharmaceuticals. The target of interest was affinity captured by a DNA aptamer ligand, and then the glycans of antibody pharmaceuticals were decorated with the alkyl halide initiators (AHIs) via boronate cross-linking, followed by the electrochemical grafting of the ferrocenyl polymer chains from the glycans of antibody pharmaceuticals through the electrochemically controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP). As the glycans can be decorated with multiple AHIs and the grafted polymer chains are composed of tens to hundreds of electroactive tags, the glyGPC-based strategy permits the dually amplified electrochemical detection of antibody pharmaceuticals. In the presence of trastuzumab (Herceptin) as the target, the glyGPC-based strategy achieved a detection limit of 71.5 pg/mL. Moreover, the developed method is highly selective, and the results of the quantitative assay of trastuzumab levels in human serum are satisfactory. Owing to its uncomplicated operation and cost-effectiveness, the glyGPC-based strategy shows great promise in the amplified electrochemical detection of antibody pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Wan
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yiyan Tian
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuojun Ye
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Songmin Chen
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, P. R. China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Lv
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiyao Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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2
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Schlotheuber LJ, Lüchtefeld I, Eyer K. Antibodies, repertoires and microdevices in antibody discovery and characterization. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1207-1225. [PMID: 38165819 PMCID: PMC10898418 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00887h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are paramount in treating a wide range of diseases, particularly in auto-immunity, inflammation and cancer, and novel antibody candidates recognizing a vast array of novel antigens are needed to expand the usefulness and applications of these powerful molecules. Microdevices play an essential role in this challenging endeavor at various stages since many general requirements of the overall process overlap nicely with the general advantages of microfluidics. Therefore, microfluidic devices are rapidly taking over various steps in the process of new candidate isolation, such as antibody characterization and discovery workflows. Such technologies can allow for vast improvements in time-lines and incorporate conservative antibody stability and characterization assays, but most prominently screenings and functional characterization within integrated workflows due to high throughput and standardized workflows. First, we aim to provide an overview of the challenges of developing new therapeutic candidates, their repertoires and requirements. Afterward, this review focuses on the discovery of antibodies using microfluidic systems, technological aspects of micro devices and small-scale antibody protein characterization and selection, as well as their integration and implementation into antibody discovery workflows. We close with future developments in microfluidic detection and antibody isolation principles and the field in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Johannes Schlotheuber
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ines Lüchtefeld
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- ETH Laboratory for Tumor and Stem Cell Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, D-BIOL, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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3
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de Stigter Y, van der Veer HJ, Rosier BJHM, Merkx M. Bioluminescent Intercalating Dyes for Ratiometric Nucleic Acid Detection. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:575-583. [PMID: 38315567 PMCID: PMC10877566 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive DNA detection methods that can be conducted at the point of need may aid in disease diagnosis and monitoring. However, translation of current assays has proven challenging, as they typically require specialized equipment or probe-specific modifications for every new target DNA. Here, we present Luminescent Multivalent Intercalating Dye (LUMID), off-the-shelf bioluminescent sensors consisting of intercalating dyes conjugated to a NanoLuc luciferase, which allow for nonspecific detection of double-stranded DNA through a blue-to-green color change. Through the incorporation of multiple, tandem-arranged dyes separated by positively charged linkers, DNA-binding affinities were improved by over 2 orders of magnitude, detecting nanomolar DNA concentrations with an 8-fold change in green/blue ratio. We show that LUMID is easily combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), enabling sequence-specific detection of viral DNA with attomolar sensitivity and a smartphone-based readout. With LUMID, we have thus developed a tool for simple and sensitive DNA detection that is particularly attractive for point-of-need applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosta de Stigter
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen J. van der Veer
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas J. H. M. Rosier
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Merkx
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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4
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Wan J, Liang Y, Hu Q, Liang Z, Feng W, Tian Y, Li S, Ye Z, Hong M, Han D, Niu L. Amplification-Free Ratiometric Electrochemical Aptasensor for Point-of-Care Detection of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14094-14100. [PMID: 37672684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is of great significance to their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) research and the personalized medication for disease treatment. Taking advantage of the direct decoration of tens of redox tags to the target of interest, we illustrate herein an amplification-free ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor for the point-of-care (POC) detection of trace amounts of therapeutic mAbs. The POC detection of therapeutic mAbs involved the use of the methylene blue (MB)-conjugated aptamer as the affinity element and the decoration of therapeutic mAbs with ferrocene (Fc) tags via the boronate crosslinking, in which the MB-derived peak current was used as the reference signal, and the peak current of the Fc tag was used as the output signal. As each therapeutic mAb carries tens of diol sites for the site-specific decoration of the Fc output tags, the boronate crosslinking enabled the amplification-free detection, which is cost-effective and quite simple in operation. In the presence of bevacizumab (BevMab) as the target, the resulting ratiometric signal (i.e., the IFc/IMB value) exhibited a good linear response over the range of 0.025-2.5 μg/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) of the electrochemical aptasensor was 6.5 ng/mL. Results indicated that the aptamer-based affinity recognition endowed the detection of therapeutic mAbs with high selectivity, while the ratiometric readout exhibited satisfactory reproducibility and robustness. Moreover, the ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor is applicable to the detection of therapeutic mAbs in serum samples. Taking together, the amplification-free ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor holds great promise in the POC detection of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Wan
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Liang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Liang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Feng
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yiyan Tian
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuojun Ye
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mingru Hong
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Deng H, Zhou S, Wu Y, Li Y. Fast and bioluminescent detection of antibiotic contaminants by on-demand transcription of RNA scaffold arrays. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1273:341538. [PMID: 37423654 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free biosensors have inspired low-cost and field-applicable methods to detect antibiotic contaminants. However, the satisfactory sensitivity of current cell-free biosensors is mostly achieved by sacrificing the rapidity, which prolongs turnaround time by hours. Additionally, the software-based result interpretation provides an obstacle for delivering these biosensors to untrained individuals. Here, we present a bioluminescence-based cell-free biosensor, termed enhanced Bioluminescence sensing of Ligand-Unleashed RNA Expression (eBLUE). The eBLUE leveraged antibiotic-responsive transcription factors to regulate the transcription of RNA arrays that can serve as scaffolds for reassembling and activating multiple luciferase fragments. This process converted target recognition into an amplified bioluminescence response, enabling smartphone-based quantification of tetracycline and erythromycin directly in milk within 15 min. Moreover, the detection threshold of eBLUE can be easily tuned according to the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by government agencies. Owing to this tunable nature, the eBLUE was further repurposed as an on-demand semi-quantification platform, allowing for fast (∼20 min) and software-free identification of safe and MRL-exceeding milk samples only by glancing over the smartphone photographs. Overall, the sensitivity, rapidity and user-friendliness of eBLUE demonstrate its potentials for practical applications, especially in resource-limited and household settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Haifeng Deng
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, PR China.
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6
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Yan H, Hu X, Shao H, Li J, Deng J, Liu L. Low-Cost Full-Range Detection of C-Reactive Protein in Clinical Samples by Aptamer Hairpin Probes and Coprecipitation of Silver Ions and Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11918-11925. [PMID: 37531571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) levels can vary widely related to diverse disease contexts. However, expensive antibodies have impeded the clinical utility of antibody-based full-range CRP assays, especially in developing countries. Herein, we established a low-cost, antibody-free, 96-well plate-based full-range CRP detection method by combining gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver iodide (AgI), Eosin Y, and the aptamer hairpin probe (AHP) with Ag+-mediated cytosine-cytosine mismatches, that is, the Au@AgI/Eosin Y-AHP method. After binding the target CRP, the AHP released Ag+, which subsequently induced the aggregation of AuNPs on the surface of AgI colloids, resulting in a significant increase in the adsorption of Eosin Y on the surface of AuNPs. The changes in fluorescence intensity (FI) of Eosin Y in the supernate without and with CRP were proportional to the concentration of the CRP in the wide range of 0.01-40 ng/mL (r = 0.9969), and 96 samples can be detected in 96-well plates simultaneously by a microplate reader within 45 min. Remarkably, the CRP levels of 100 clinical samples achieved with the Au@AgI/Eosin Y-AHP had a good correlation with those obtained with the latex-enhanced immune turbidimetry assay (r = 0.986). Furthermore, the kit based on the Au@AgI/Eosin Y-AHP method costs only $8.1 for 100 tests. Therefore, the new method is beneficial for less developed areas where expensive assays are not affordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiumei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huaze Shao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jieqi Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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7
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Wu L, Manchanda A, Gupta V, Paull B. Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Thread-Based Electrofluidic Approach for DNA Hybridization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13569-13577. [PMID: 37091394 PMCID: PMC10116522 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel, low-cost, and disposable thread-based electrofluidic analytical method employing isotachophoresis (ITP) was developed for demonstrating surface DNA hybridization. This approach was based on graphene oxide (GO) surface-functionalized zones on nylon threads as a binding platform to trap a fluorescently labeled isotachophoretically focused single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) band, resulting in quenching of the fluorescence, which signaled quantitative trapping. In the event of an isotachophoretically focused complementary DNA (cDNA) band passing over the GO-trapped ssDNA zone, surface hybridization of the ssDNA and cDNA to form double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) band occurred, which is released from the GO-coated zones, resulting in restoration of the fluorescent signal as it exits the GO band and migrates further along the thread. This controllable process demonstrates the potential of the GO-functionalized thread-based microfluidic analytical approach for DNA hybridization and its visualization, which could be adapted into point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices for real-world applications.
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8
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d'Amone L, Matzeu G, Quijano-Rubio A, Callahan GP, Napier B, Baker D, Omenetto FG. Reshaping de Novo Protein Switches into Bioresponsive Materials for Biomarker, Toxin, and Viral Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208556. [PMID: 36493355 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
De novo designed protein switches are powerful tools to specifically and sensitively detect diverse targets with simple chemiluminescent readouts. Finding an appropriate material host for de novo designed protein switches without altering their thermodynamics while preserving their intrinsic stability over time would enable the development of a variety of sensing formats to monitor exposure to pathogens, toxins, and for disease diagnosis. Here, a de novo protein-biopolymer hybrid that maintains the detection capabilities induced by the conformational change of the incorporated proteins in response to analytes of interest is generated in multiple, shelf-stable material formats without the need of refrigerated storage conditions. A set of functional demonstrator devices including personal protective equipment such as masks and laboratory gloves, free-standing films, air quality monitors, and wearable devices is presented to illustrate the versatility of the approach. Such formats are designed to be responsive to human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), anti-hepatitis B (HBV) antibodies, Botulinum neurotoxin B (BoNT/B), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This combination of form and function offers wide opportunities for ubiquitous sensing in multiple environments by enabling a large class of bio-responsive interfaces of broad utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana d'Amone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Giusy Matzeu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Alfredo Quijano-Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gregory P Callahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Bradley Napier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Laboratory for Living Devices, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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9
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Chen L, Ghiasvand A, Paull B. Applications of thread-based microfluidics: Approaches and options for detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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10
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Xing G, Ai J, Wang N, Pu Q. Recent progress of smartphone-assisted microfluidic sensors for point of care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Yuan H, Chen P, Wan C, Li Y, Liu BF. Merging microfluidics with luminescence immunoassays for urgent point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116814. [PMCID: PMC9637550 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Torio EA, Ressler VT, Kincaid VA, Hurst R, Hall MP, Encell LP, Zimmerman K, Forsyth SK, Rehrauer WM, Accola MA, Hsu CC, Machleidt T, Dart ML. Development of a rapid, simple, and sensitive point-of-care technology platform utilizing ternary NanoLuc. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970233. [PMID: 36386626 PMCID: PMC9643700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care tests are highly valuable in providing fast results for medical decisions for greater flexibility in patient care. Many diagnostic tests, such as ELISAs, that are commonly used within clinical laboratory settings require trained technicians, laborious workflows, and complex instrumentation hindering their translation into point-of-care applications. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a homogeneous, bioluminescent-based, split reporter platform that enables a simple, sensitive, and rapid method for analyte detection in clinical samples. We developed this point-of-care application using an optimized ternary, split-NanoLuc luciferase reporter system that consists of two small reporter peptides added as appendages to analyte-specific affinity reagents. A bright, stable bioluminescent signal is generated as the affinity reagents bind to the analyte, allowing for proximity-induced complementation between the two reporter peptides and the polypeptide protein, in addition to the furimazine substrate. Through lyophilization of the stabilized reporter system with the formulated substrate, we demonstrate a shelf-stable, all-in-one, add-and-read analyte-detection system for use in complex sample matrices at the point-of-care. We highlight the modularity of this platform using two distinct SARS-CoV-2 model systems: SARS-CoV-2 N-antigen detection for active infections and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for immunity status detection using chemically conjugated or genetically fused affinity reagents, respectively. This technology provides a simple and standardized method to develop rapid, robust, and sensitive analyte-detection assays with flexible assay formatting making this an ideal platform for research, clinical laboratory, as well as point-of-care applications utilizing a simple handheld luminometer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robin Hurst
- Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mary P Hall
- Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | | | | | - William M Rehrauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Clinical Laboratories, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Molly A Accola
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Clinical Laboratories, Madison, WI, United States
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13
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Boitet M, Eun H, Achek A, Carla de Almeida Falcão V, Delorme V, Grailhe R. Biolum' RGB: A Low-Cost, Versatile, and Sensitive Bioluminescence Imaging Instrument for a Broad Range of Users. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2556-2566. [PMID: 36001874 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Luminometer and imaging systems are used to detect and quantify low light produced by a broad range of bioluminescent proteins. Despite their everyday use in research, such instruments are costly and lack the flexibility to accommodate the variety of bioluminescence experiment formats that may require top or bottom signal acquisition, high or medium sensitivity, or multiple wavelength detection. To address the growing need for versatile technologies, we developed a highly customizable bioluminescence imager called Biolum' RGB that uses a consumer color digital camera with a high-aperture lens mounted at the bottom or top of a 3D-printed dark chamber and can quantify bioluminescence emission from cells grown in 384-well microplates and Petri dishes. Taking advantage of RGB detectors, Biolum' RGB can distinguish spectral signatures from various bioluminescence probes and quantify bioluminescence resonant energy transfer occurring during protein-protein interaction events. Although Biolum' RGB can be used with any smartphone, in particular for low bioluminescence signals, we recommend the use of recent digital cameras which offer better sensitivity and high signal/noise ratio. Altogether, Biolum' RGB combines the benefits of a plate reader and imager while providing better image resolution and faster acquisition speed, and as such, it offers an exciting alternative for any laboratory looking for a versatile, low-cost bioluminescence imaging instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Boitet
- Technology Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam13488, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeju Eun
- Technology Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Asma Achek
- Technology Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam13488, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Vincent Delorme
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Regis Grailhe
- Technology Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam13488, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon34113, Republic of Korea.,Smart-MD, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam13488, Republic of Korea
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14
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Beduk T, Beduk D, Hasan MR, Guler Celik E, Kosel J, Narang J, Salama KN, Timur S. Smartphone-Based Multiplexed Biosensing Tools for Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080583. [PMID: 36004979 PMCID: PMC9406027 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging technologies have the potential to improve health care by providing more personalized approaches or early diagnostic methods. In this review, we cover smartphone-based multiplexed sensors as affordable and portable sensing platforms for point-of-care devices. Multiplexing has been gaining attention recently for clinical diagnosis considering certain diseases require analysis of complex biological networks instead of single-marker analysis. Smartphones offer tremendous possibilities for on-site detection analysis due to their portability, high accessibility, fast sample processing, and robust imaging capabilities. Straightforward digital analysis and convenient user interfaces support networked health care systems and individualized health monitoring. Detailed biomarker profiling provides fast and accurate analysis for disease diagnosis for limited sample volume collection. Here, multiplexed smartphone-based assays with optical and electrochemical components are covered. Possible wireless or wired communication actuators and portable and wearable sensing integration for various sensing applications are discussed. The crucial features and the weaknesses of these devices are critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutku Beduk
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH: Sensor Systems, 9524 Villach, Austria;
| | - Duygu Beduk
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Mohd Rahil Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (M.R.H.); (J.N.)
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Jurgen Kosel
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH: Sensor Systems, 9524 Villach, Austria;
| | - Jagriti Narang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (M.R.H.); (J.N.)
| | - Khaled Nabil Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suna Timur
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
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15
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16
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Kimura H, Asano R. Strategies to simplify operation procedures for applying labeled antibody-based immunosensors to point-of-care testing. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114806. [PMID: 35835209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is an ideal testing format for the rapid and on-site detection of analytes in patients, and facilitates disease diagnosis and monitoring. Molecular recognition elements are required for the specific detection of analytes, and biosensors that use antibodies as the molecular recognition elements are called immunosensors. Traditional immunosensors such as sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) require complicated procedures to form immunocomplexes consisting of detection antibodies, analytes, and capture antibodies. They also require long incubation times, washing procedures, and large and expensive specialized equipment that must be operated by laboratory technicians. Immunosensors for POCT should be systems that use relatively small pieces of equipment and do not require special training. In this review, to help in the construction of immunosensors for POCT, we have summarized the recently reported strategies for simplifying the operation, incubation, and washing procedures. We focused on the optical and electrochemical detection principles of immunosensors, compared the strategies for operation, sensitivity, and detection devices and discussed the ideal system. Combining detection devices that can be fabricated inexpensively and strategies that enable simplification of operation procedures and enhance sensitivities will contribute to the development of immunosensors for POCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Kimura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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17
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Bai CC, Chen MY, Zhou TC, Jiang RL, Dong LY, Wei HW, Kong XJ, Wang XH. Hydrophilic rhodamine B-loaded / boronic acid-modified graphene oxide nanocomposite as a substitute of enzyme-labeled second antibody for ultrasensitive detection of antibodies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 216:114804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Michielsen CMS, van Aalen EA, Merkx M. Ratiometric Bioluminescent Zinc Sensor Proteins to Quantify Serum and Intracellular Free Zn 2. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1567-1576. [PMID: 35611686 PMCID: PMC9207811 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Fluorescent Zn2+ sensors play a pivotal role in zinc
biology, but their application in complex media such as blood serum
or plate reader-based cellular assays is hampered by autofluorescence
and light scattering. Bioluminescent sensor proteins provide an attractive
alternative to fluorescent sensors for these applications, but the
only bioluminescent sensor protein developed so far, BLZinCh, has
a limited sensor response and a suboptimal Zn2+ affinity.
In this work, we expanded the toolbox of bioluminescent Zn2+ sensors by developing two new sensor families that show a large
change in the emission ratio and cover a range of physiologically
relevant Zn2+ affinities. The LuZi platform relies on competitive
complementation of split NanoLuc luciferase and displays a robust,
2-fold change in red-to-blue emission, allowing quantification of
free Zn2+ between 2 pM and 1 nM. The second platform was
developed by replacing the long flexible GGS linker in the original
BLZinCh sensor by rigid polyproline linkers, yielding a series of
BLZinCh-Pro sensors with a 3–4-fold improved ratiometric response
and physiologically relevant Zn2+ affinities between 0.5
and 1 nM. Both the LuZi and BLZinCh-Pro sensors allowed the direct
determination of low nM concentrations of free Zn2+ in
serum, providing an attractive alternative to more laborious and/or
indirect approaches to measure serum zinc levels. Furthermore, the
genetic encoding of the BLZinCh-Pro sensors allowed their use as intracellular
sensors, where the sensor occupancy of 40–50% makes them ideally
suited to monitor both increases and decreases in intracellular free
Zn2+ concentration in simple, plate reader-based measurements,
without the need for fluorescence microscopy.
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19
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Chen H, Ding Y, Li J, Huang L, González-Sapienza G, Hammock BD, Wang M, Hua X. New Approach to Generate Ratiometric Signals on Immunochromatographic Strips for Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7358-7367. [PMID: 35536756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The self-calibration capability of ratiometric signals has been widely considered to enhance the accuracy, sensitivity, and anti-interference ability of immunoassays. Exploring a new approach to generate ratiometric signals can provide more options for various requirements. Herein, we integrated the negative-readout competitive and positive-readout noncompetitive immunoassays into a single assay by employing different color tracers, labeled peptidomimetic and anti-immunocomplex peptides, to create a new unconstrained ratiometric signal approach. Using an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) and a fungicide benzothiostrobin as the analytical platform and analyte, respectively, we showed that this approach can be extensively applied to fluorescence and colorimetry readouts, which have also been proven for strong anti-interference ability to an external light environment. Moreover, the enormous intuitional color changes of ratiometric fluorescent and colorimetric ICSs (RFICS and RCICS) enabled the formation of the color reference cards (like the pH paper) for visual judgment. After adaptation with a portable smartphone, the quantitative detection limits for RFICS and RCICS were 0.17 and 0.44 ng mL-1, respectively. In addition, the ICSs showed good accuracy for the detection of benzothiostrobin in spiked samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianrun Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gualberto González-Sapienza
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Minghua Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiude Hua
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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20
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Patino Diaz A, Bracaglia S, Ranallo S, Patino T, Porchetta A, Ricci F. Programmable Cell-Free Transcriptional Switches for Antibody Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5820-5826. [PMID: 35316049 PMCID: PMC8990998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report here the
development of a cell-free in vitro transcription
system for the detection of specific target antibodies.
The approach is based on the use of programmable antigen-conjugated
DNA-based conformational switches that, upon binding to a target antibody,
can trigger the cell-free transcription of a light-up fluorescence-activating
RNA aptamer. The system couples the unique programmability and responsiveness
of DNA-based systems with the specificity and sensitivity offered
by in vitro genetic circuitries and commercially
available transcription kits. We demonstrate that cell-free transcriptional
switches can efficiently measure antibody levels directly in blood
serum. Thanks to the programmable nature of the sensing platform,
the method can be adapted to different antibodies: we demonstrate
here the sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective detection of three different
antibodies and the possible use of this approach for the simultaneous
detection of two antibodies in the same solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Patino Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Sara Bracaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Simona Ranallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Tania Patino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Porchetta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy
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21
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Hattori M, Itoh Y, Nagai T. Method for Measuring Bioactive Molecules in Blood by a Smartphone Using Bioluminescent Ratiometric Indicators. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:219-226. [PMID: 35836071 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescent indicators facilitate determination of bioactive molecules in blood samples with high sensitivity. Using a bright luciferase, its bioluminescence (BL) can be easily detected by conventional light sensing devices. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to measure bioactive molecules in blood by taking the BL images with a smartphone camera. We exemplify the measurement of unconjugated bilirubin (UCBR) concentration in the blood of mice using a ratiometric bioluminescent UCBR indicator, BABI (bilirubin assessment with a bioluminescent indicator), and a smartphone camera. We show the UCBR concentration is easily determined through measuring the variance in the BL color with a smartphone camera. This method provides a practical method to lead to future point-of-care diagnosis with quick and simple procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Hattori
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukino Itoh
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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22
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Dillen A, Lammertyn J. Paving the way towards continuous biosensing by implementing affinity-based nanoswitches on state-dependent readout platforms. Analyst 2022; 147:1006-1023. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02308j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combining affinity-based nanoswitches with state-dependent readout platforms allows for continuous biosensing and acquisition of real-time information about biochemical processes occurring in the environment of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Dillen
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems – Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, Box 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems – Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, Box 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Moreira Teixeira L, Mezzanotte L. New bioimaging avenues for organs‐on‐chips by integration of bioluminescence. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering Technical Medical Centre University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
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24
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Viviani VR, Silva JR, Ho PL. A Novel Brighter Bioluminescent Fusion Protein Based on ZZ Domain and Amydetes vivianii Firefly Luciferase for Immunoassays. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:755045. [PMID: 34733833 PMCID: PMC8558436 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.755045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays are widely used for detection of antibodies against specific antigens in diagnosis, as well as in electrophoretic techniques such as Western Blotting. They usually rely on colorimetric, fluorescent or chemiluminescent methods for detection. Whereas the chemiluminescence methods are more sensitive and widely used, they usually suffer of fast luminescence decay. Here we constructed a novel bioluminescent fusion protein based on the N-terminal ZZ portion of protein A and the brighter green-blue emitting Amydetes vivianii firefly luciferase. In the presence of D-luciferin/ATP assay solution, the new fusion protein, displays higher bioluminescence activity, is very thermostable and produces a sustained emission (t1/2 > 30 min). In dot blots, we could successfully detect rabbit IgG against firefly luciferases, Limpet Haemocyanin, and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (1–250 ng), as well as the antigen bound antibodies using either CCD imaging, and even photography using smartphones. Using CCD imaging, we could detect up to 100 pg of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein. Using this system, we could also successfully detect firefly luciferase and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in Western Blots (5–250 ng). Comparatively, the new fusion protein displays slightly higher and more sustained luminescent signal when compared to commercial HRP-labeled secondary antibodies, constituting a novel promising alternative for Western Blotting and immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim R Viviani
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Lee Ho
- Núcleo de Produção de Vacinas Bacterianas, Centro BioIndustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Agustini D, Caetano FR, Quero RF, Fracassi da Silva JA, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH, de Jesus DP. Microfluidic devices based on textile threads for analytical applications: state of the art and prospects. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4830-4857. [PMID: 34647544 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices based on textile threads have interesting advantages when compared to systems made with traditional materials, such as polymers and inorganic substrates (especially silicon and glass). One of these significant advantages is the device fabrication process, made more cheap and simple, with little or no microfabrication apparatus. This review describes the fundamentals, applications, challenges, and prospects of microfluidic devices fabricated with textile threads. A wide range of applications is discussed, integrated with several analysis methods, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, electrophoretic, chromatographic, and fluorescence. Additionally, the integration of these devices with different substrates (e.g., 3D printed components or fabrics), other devices (e.g., smartphones), and microelectronics is described. These combinations have allowed the construction of fully portable devices and consequently the development of point-of-care and wearable analytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deonir Agustini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Roberto Caetano
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Reverson Fernandes Quero
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
| | - José Alberto Fracassi da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Fernando Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Dosil Pereira de Jesus
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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26
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Yan T, Zhang G, Chai H, Qu L, Zhang X. Flexible Biosensors Based on Colorimetry, Fluorescence, and Electrochemistry for Point-of-Care Testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:753692. [PMID: 34650963 PMCID: PMC8505690 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.753692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the outbreak and pandemic of COVID-19, point-of-care testing (POCT) systems have been attracted much attention due to their significant advantages of small batches of samples, user-friendliness, easy-to-use and simple detection. Among them, flexible biosensors show practical significance as their outstanding properties in terms of flexibility, portability, and high efficiency, which provide great convenience for users. To construct highly functional flexible biosensors, abundant kinds of polymers substrates have been modified with sufficient properties to address certain needs. Paper-based biosensors gain considerable attention as well, owing to their foldability, lightweight and adaptability. The other important flexible biosensor employs textiles as substrate materials, which has a promising prospect in the area of intelligent wearable devices. In this feature article, we performed a comprehensive review about the applications of flexible biosensors based on the classification of substrate materials (polymers, paper and textiles), and illustrated the strategies to design effective and artificial sensing platforms, including colorimetry, fluorescence, and electrochemistry. It is demonstrated that flexible biosensors play a prominent role in medical diagnosis, prognosis, and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao, China
| | - Huining Chai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Zhu Y, Tong X, Wei Q, Cai G, Cao Y, Tong C, Shi S, Wang F. 3D origami paper-based ratiometric fluorescent microfluidic device for visual point-of-care detection of alkaline phosphatase and butyrylcholinesterase. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113691. [PMID: 34637993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
On-site multiplex enzyme detection is crucial for diagnosis, therapeutics and prognostic. To date, it is still a daunting challenge to develop portable, low-cost, and efficient multi-enzyme detection methods. Herein, a novel sample-in-result-out platform integrating ratiometric fluorescent assays with 3D origami microfluidic paper-based device (μPAD) was developed for simultaneous visual point-of-care testing (POCT) of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Cascade catalytic reaction with the same two fluorescent signal indicators was rationally designed to ratiometric fluorescent detection of ALP and BChE: substrate of ALP (pyrophosphate) and product of BChE (thiocholine) can strongly complex with Cu2+, Cu2+ oxidizes o-phenylenediamine to fluorescent 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD) (emission, 565 nm), oxOPD quenches the fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs, emission at 445 nm) via inner filter effect, thus oxOPD/CDs values are relevant to ALP and BChE activities. Then 3D origami μPAD composing of four layers and two parallel channels was fabricated and simply prepared by one-step plotting with black oil-based marker and specific metal molds. After simple folding and unfolding neighboring layers to sequentially initiate reactions of pre-loaded reagents, fluorescent images on the detection zone can be captured by smartphone and analyzed by red-green-blue software for quantitative analysis. Under optimal conditions, the proposed platform was successfully performed to detect ALP and BChE with activity difference at 3 orders of magnitude in human serum samples without any pretreatment procedures. Excellent selectivity, good precision, favorable linear range, and high accuracy were exhibited. Importantly, the platform opens a promising horizon for high-throughput POCT of multiplex biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Qisheng Wei
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Guangxi Baise High-tech Development Zone, Baise, 533612, Guangxi, China
| | - Guihan Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanxin Cao
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Guangxi Baise High-tech Development Zone, Baise, 533612, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoying Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyun Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China; Natural Product Research Laboratory, Guangxi Baise High-tech Development Zone, Baise, 533612, Guangxi, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
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KUMADA R, ORIOKA M, CITTERIO D, HIRUTA Y. Fluorescent and Bioluminescent Probes based on Precise Molecular Design. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2021. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.70.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rei KUMADA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University
| | | | | | - Yuki HIRUTA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University
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29
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Engineering with NanoLuc: a playground for the development of bioluminescent protein switches and sensors. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2643-2655. [PMID: 33242085 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The small engineered luciferase NanoLuc has rapidly become a powerful tool in the fields of biochemistry, chemical biology, and cell biology due to its exceptional brightness and stability. The continuously expanding NanoLuc toolbox has been employed in applications ranging from biosensors to molecular and cellular imaging, and currently includes split complementation variants, engineering techniques for spectral tuning, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based concepts. In this review, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art NanoLuc-based sensors and switches with a focus on the underlying protein engineering approaches. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies with respect to sensor sensitivity, modularity, and dynamic range of the sensor and provide a perspective on future strategies and applications.
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30
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A plug-and-play platform of ratiometric bioluminescent sensors for homogeneous immunoassays. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4586. [PMID: 34321486 PMCID: PMC8319308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous immunoassays such as ELISA have become indispensable in modern bioanalysis, yet translation into point-of-care assays is hindered by their dependence on external calibration and multiple washing and incubation steps. Here, we introduce RAPPID (Ratiometric Plug-and-Play Immunodiagnostics), a mix-and-measure homogeneous immunoassay platform that combines highly specific antibody-based detection with a ratiometric bioluminescent readout. The concept entails analyte-induced complementation of split NanoLuc luciferase fragments, photoconjugated to an antibody sandwich pair via protein G adapters. Introduction of a calibrator luciferase provides a robust ratiometric signal that allows direct in-sample calibration and quantitative measurements in complex media such as blood plasma. We developed RAPPID sensors that allow low-picomolar detection of several protein biomarkers, anti-drug antibodies, therapeutic antibodies, and both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. With its easy-to-implement standardized workflow, RAPPID provides an attractive, fast, and low-cost alternative to traditional immunoassays, in an academic setting, in clinical laboratories, and for point-of-care applications. Many current immunoassays require multiple washing, incubation and optimization steps. Here the authors present Ratiometric Plug-and-Play Immunodiagnostics (RAPPID), a generic assay platform that uses ratiometric bioluminescent detection to allow sandwich immunoassays to be performed directly in solution.
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31
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Hidayat AS, Horino H, Rzeznicka II. Smartphone-Enabled Quantification of Potassium in Blood Plasma. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21144751. [PMID: 34300494 PMCID: PMC8309773 DOI: 10.3390/s21144751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a new method for determining K+ concentration, [K+], in blood plasma using a smartphone with a custom-built optical attachment. The method is based on turbidity measurement of blood plasma solutions in the presence of sodium tetraphenylborate, a known potassium precipitating reagent. The images obtained by a smartphone camera are analyzed by a custom image-processing algorithm which enables the transformation of the image data from RGB to HSV color space and calculation of a mean value of the light-intensity component (V). Analysis of images of blood plasma containing different amounts of K+ reveal a correlation between V and [K+]. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by comparing the results with the results obtained using commercial ion-selective electrode device (ISE) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The accuracy of the method was within ± 0.18 mM and precision ± 0.27 mM in the [K+] range of 1.5–7.5 mM when using treated blood plasma calibration. Spike tests on a fresh blood plasma show good correlation of the data obtained by the smartphone method with ISE and AAS. The advantage of the method is low cost and integration with a smartphone which offers possibility to measure [K+] on demand and in remote areas where access to hospitals is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Syarif Hidayat
- Shibaura Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, 3-7-5 Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Horino
- Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 982-8577, Japan;
| | - Izabela I. Rzeznicka
- Shibaura Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, 3-7-5 Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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32
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Bracaglia S, Ranallo S, Plaxco KW, Ricci F. Programmable, Multiplexed DNA Circuits Supporting Clinically Relevant, Electrochemical Antibody Detection. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2442-2448. [PMID: 34129321 PMCID: PMC8240086 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current health emergencies have highlighted the need to have rapid, sensitive, and convenient platforms for the detection of specific antibodies. In response, we report here the design of an electrochemical DNA circuit that responds quantitatively to multiple specific antibodies. The approach employs synthetic antigen-conjugated nucleic acid strands that are rationally designed to induce a strand displacement reaction and release a redox reporter-modified strand upon the recognition of a specific target antibody. The approach is sensitive (low nanomolar detection limit), specific (no signal is observed in the presence of non-targeted antibodies), and selective (the platform can be employed in complex media, including 90% serum). The programmable nature of the strand displacement circuit makes it also versatile, and we demonstrate here the detection of five different antibodies, including three of which are clinically relevant. Using different redox reporters, we also show that the antibody-responsive circuit can be multiplexed and responds to different antibodies in the same solution without crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bracaglia
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Ranallo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, CA93106 Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Kevin W. Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, CA93106 Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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33
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Kabir MA, Zilouchian H, Younas MA, Asghar W. Dengue Detection: Advances in Diagnostic Tools from Conventional Technology to Point of Care. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:206. [PMID: 34201849 PMCID: PMC8301808 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV) is a vector-borne flavivirus that infects around 390 million individuals each year with 2.5 billion being in danger. Having access to testing is paramount in preventing future infections and receiving adequate treatment. Currently, there are numerous conventional methods for DENV testing, such as NS1 based antigen testing, IgM/IgG antibody testing, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In addition, novel methods are emerging that can cut both cost and time. Such methods can be effective in rural and low-income areas throughout the world. In this paper, we discuss the structural evolution of the virus followed by a comprehensive review of current dengue detection strategies and methods that are being developed or commercialized. We also discuss the state of art biosensing technologies, evaluated their performance and outline strategies to address challenges posed by the disease. Further, we outline future guidelines for the improved usage of diagnostic tools during recurrence or future outbreaks of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Alamgir Kabir
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (M.A.K.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Hussein Zilouchian
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (M.A.K.); (H.Z.)
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | | | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (M.A.K.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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34
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Prabhu A, Singhal H, Giri Nandagopal MS, Kulal R, Peralam Yegneswaran P, Mani NK. Knitting Thread Devices: Detecting Candida albicans Using Napkins and Tampons. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12667-12675. [PMID: 34056418 PMCID: PMC8154238 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible and in situ microbial detection, particularly of microbes significant in urinary tract infections (UTIs) such as Candida albicans, provides a unique opportunity to bring equity in the healthcare outcomes of disenfranchised groups like women in low-resource settings. Here, we demonstrate a system to potentially detect vulvovaginal candidiasis by leveraging the properties of multifilament cotton threads in the form of microfluidic-thread-based analytical devices (μTADs) to develop a frugal microbial identification assay. A facile mercerization method using heptane wash to boost reagent absorption and penetration is also performed and is shown to be robust compared to other existing conventional mercerization methods. Furthermore, the twisted mercerized fibers are drop-cast with media consisting of l-proline β-naphthylamide, which undergoes hydrolysis by the enzyme l-proline aminopeptidase secreted by C. albicans, hence signaling the presence of the pathogen via simple color change with a limit of detection of 0.58 × 106 cfu/mL. The flexible and easily disposable thread-based detection device when integrated with menstrual hygiene products showed a detection time of 10 min using spiked vaginal discharge. The developed method boasts a long shelf life and high stability, making it a discreet detection device for testing, which provides new vistas for self-testing multiple diseases that are considered taboo in certain societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Prabhu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Hardik Singhal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - M. S. Giri Nandagopal
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Reshma Kulal
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Prakash Peralam Yegneswaran
- Department
of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Manipal
Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Manipal
Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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35
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Itoh Y, Hattori M, Wazawa T, Arai Y, Nagai T. Ratiometric Bioluminescent Indicator for Simple and Rapid Diagnosis of Bilirubin. ACS Sens 2021; 6:889-895. [PMID: 33443410 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin in human blood is highly important as a general index of one's physical condition because its concentration changes under the influence of several diseases. In particular, in newborns, jaundice is one of the most common diseases involving unconjugated bilirubin (UCBR), causing serious symptoms such as nuclear jaundice and deafness. Therefore, a frequent measurement of the UCBR levels in the blood is important. Here, we report a ratiometric bioluminescent indicator, BABI (bilirubin assessment with a bioluminescent indicator), that changes the emission color from blue to green depending on the UCBR concentration in a sample. Owing to the use of a bioluminescence signal that has a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the absorption and fluorescence signal, BABI enables highly sensitive and quantitative detection of UCBR for small blood samples using a smartphone camera. The establishment of a UCBR measurement assay using BABI provides the possibility of a simple and rapid method for blood-based diagnosis using bioluminescent indicators and a versatile mobile device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Itoh
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hattori
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Wazawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Arai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
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36
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Zhou L, Zhang L, Yang L, Ni W, Li Y, Wu Y. Tandem reassembly of split luciferase-DNA chimeras for bioluminescent detection of attomolar circulating microRNAs using a smartphone. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 173:112824. [PMID: 33229132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection of dysregulated circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in human biofluids is a fundamental ability to determine tumor occurrence and metastasis in a minimally invasive fashion. However, the requirements for sophisticated instruments and professional personnel impede the translation of miRNA tests into routine clinical diagnostics, especially for resource-limited regions. Herein, we developed a DNA-guided bioluminescence strategy for the detection of circulating miRNAs. In this strategy, a pair of split luciferase-DNA chimeras was constructed and integrated into the miRNA-triggered rolling circle amplification (RCA) process. The tandem reassembly of split luciferase-DNA chimeras on the RCA products elicited a turn-on bioluminescence response with ultrahigh signal-to-background (S/B) ratio. This strategy enabled smartphone-based assays for different miRNAs with attomolar sensitivity and single-base specificity, as demonstrated here for miR-21. miR-148b, and cel-miR-39. Further application of our approach to the clinical serum samples realized identification of dysregulated miR-21 and miR-148b in the lung cancer patients, showing a satisfactory agreement with the control assays performed with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Therefore, the developed method possesses the benefits of high performance and reliability, offering a potential tool for implementing miRNA-based diagnosis in point-of-care (POC) settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Linling Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, PR China
| | - Wei Ni
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, PR China.
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Yunhua Wu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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37
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Abstract
Analytical devices for point-of-care diagnoses are highly desired and would improve quality of life when first diagnoses are made early and pathologies are recognized soon. Lateral flow tests (LFTs) are such tools that can be easily performed without specific equipment, skills, or experiences. This review is focused on the use of LFT in point-of-care diagnoses. The principle of the assay is explained, and new materials like nanoparticles for labeling, new recognition molecules for interaction with an analyte, and new additional instrumentation like signal scaling by a smartphone camera are described and discussed. Advantages of the LFT devices as well as their limitations are described and discussed here considering actual papers that are properly cited.
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38
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Syed AJ, Anderson JC. Applications of bioluminescence in biotechnology and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5668-5705. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01492c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescent probes have hugely benefited from the input of synthetic chemistry and protein engineering. Here we review the latest applications of these probes in biotechnology and beyond, with an eye on current limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha J. Syed
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
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39
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Smartphone-Based Portable Bioluminescence Imaging System Enabling Observation at Various Scales from Whole Mouse Body to Organelle. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20247166. [PMID: 33327525 PMCID: PMC7764933 DOI: 10.3390/s20247166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current smartphones equipped with high-sensitivity and high-resolution sensors in the camera can respond to the needs of low-light imaging, streaming acquisition, targets of various scales, etc. Therefore, a smartphone has great potential as an imaging device even in the scientific field and has already been introduced into biomolecular imaging using fluorescence tags. However, owing to the necessity of an excitation light source, fluorescence methods impair its mobility. Bioluminescence does not require illumination; therefore, imaging with a smartphone camera is compact and requires minimal devices, thus making it suitable for personal and portable imaging devices. Here, we report smartphone-based methods to observe biological targets in various scales using bioluminescence. In particular, we demonstrate, for the first time, that bioluminescence can be observed in an organelle in a single living cell using a smartphone camera by attaching a detachable objective lens. Through capturing color changes with the camera, changes in the amount of target molecules was detected using bioluminescent indicators. The combination of bioluminescence and a mobile phone makes possible a compact imaging system without an external light source and expands the potential of portable devices.
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40
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Abstract
Biological signaling pathways are underpinned by protein switches that sense and respond to molecular inputs. Inspired by nature, engineered protein switches have been designed to directly transduce analyte binding into a quantitative signal in a simple, wash-free, homogeneous assay format. As such, they offer great potential to underpin point-of-need diagnostics that are needed across broad sectors to improve access, costs, and speed compared to laboratory assays. Despite this, protein switch assays are not yet in routine diagnostic use, and a number of barriers to uptake must be overcome to realize this potential. Here, we review the opportunities and challenges in engineering protein switches for rapid diagnostic tests. We evaluate how their design, comprising a recognition element, reporter, and switching mechanism, relates to performance and identify areas for improvement to guide further optimization. Recent modular switches that enable new analytes to be targeted without redesign are crucial to ensure robust and efficient development processes. The importance of translational steps toward practical implementation, including integration into a user-friendly device and thorough assay validation, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Adamson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lars J. C. Jeuken
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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41
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Prabhu A, Nandagopal M. S. G, Peralam Yegneswaran P, Prabhu V, Verma U, Mani NK. Thread integrated smart-phone imaging facilitates early turning point colorimetric assay for microbes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26853-26861. [PMID: 35515782 PMCID: PMC9055509 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05190j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A proof-of-concept unifying thread devices and smart-phone imaging for low-cost microbial detection based on simple colour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology
- Manipal Institute of Technology
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Manipal 576104
- India
| | - Giri Nandagopal M. S.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Prakash Peralam Yegneswaran
- Department of Microbiology
- Kasturba Medical College Manipal
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Manipal 576104
- India
| | - Vijendra Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology
- Manipal Institute of Technology
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Manipal 576104
- India
| | - Ujjwal Verma
- Department of Electronics & Communication
- Manipal Institute of Technology
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Manipal 576104
- India
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Department of Biotechnology
- Manipal Institute of Technology
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Manipal 576104
- India
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