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Gong S, Lu Y, Yin J, Levin A, Cheng W. Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare. Chem Rev 2024; 124:455-553. [PMID: 38174868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to stay connected to the global Internet due to the lack of soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in the fact that electronics and biology are distinct and incompatible, as they are based on different materials via different functioning principles. In particular, the human body is soft and curvilinear, yet electronics are typically rigid and planar. Recent advances in materials and materials design have generated tremendous opportunities to design soft wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge the gap, enabling the ultimate dream of connected healthcare for anyone, anytime, and anywhere. We begin with a review of the historical development of healthcare, indicating the significant trend of connected healthcare. This is followed by the focal point of discussion about new materials and materials design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. We summarize material types and their attributes for designing soft bioelectronic sensors; we also cover their synthesis and fabrication methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and their combined approaches. Next, we discuss the wearable energy challenges and progress made to date. In addition to front-end wearable devices, we also describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, and software. Afterward, we describe the integration of soft wearable bioelectronic systems which have been applied in various testbeds in real-world settings, including laboratories that are preclinical and clinical environments. Finally, we narrate the remaining challenges and opportunities in conjunction with our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arie Levin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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2
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Kim H, Rigo B, Wong G, Lee YJ, Yeo WH. Advances in Wireless, Batteryless, Implantable Electronics for Real-Time, Continuous Physiological Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:52. [PMID: 38099970 PMCID: PMC10724104 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless, batteryless, fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring, focusing on advancing human health care. Design considerations, such as biological constraints, energy sourcing, and wireless communication, are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human tissues. In addition, we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems, emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. The wireless, batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body, enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease diagnosis. Lastly, we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care, highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Kim
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Bruno Rigo
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gabriella Wong
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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3
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Zhao Y, Jin KQ, Li JD, Sheng KK, Huang WH, Liu YL. Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Biological Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305917. [PMID: 37639636 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The rise of flexible and stretchable electronics has revolutionized biosensor techniques for probing biological systems. Particularly, flexible and stretchable electrochemical sensors (FSECSs) enable the in situ quantification of numerous biochemical molecules in different biological entities owing to their exceptional sensitivity, fast response, and easy miniaturization. Over the past decade, the fabrication and application of FSECSs have significantly progressed. This review highlights key developments in electrode fabrication and FSECSs functionalization. It delves into the electrochemical sensing of various biomarkers, including metabolites, electrolytes, signaling molecules, and neurotransmitters from biological systems, encompassing the outer epidermis, tissues/organs in vitro and in vivo, and living cells. Finally, considering electrode preparation and biological applications, current challenges and future opportunities for FSECSs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai-Qi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jing-Du Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai-Kai Sheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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4
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Sun T, Feng B, Huo J, Xiao Y, Peng J, Li Z, Wang W, Liu L, Zou G, Wang W. Switching ultra-stretchability and sensitivity in metal films for electronic skins: a pufferfish-inspired, interlayer regulation strategy. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37067478 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The booming development of electronic skins necessitates stretchable electrodes and flexible sensors that exhibit distinctly opposite requirements of electromechanical properties, both of which are difficult to be fulfilled on a single material. Here, a pufferfish-inspired, interlayer regulation strategy is proposed that realizes the above opposite properties in simple metal films, exhibiting either ultra-stretchability (295% strain) or sensitivity (maximum GF: ∼5500) on demand. It is revealed that the stretchability of the intrinsically strain-sensitive metal films can be improved by ∼20-fold via regulating the surface morphology of the inserted interlayer, accompanied by an intriguing transition in film cracking behavior from cut-through cracks to network patterns. By featuring these two antithetical but valuable properties, common metal films can be applied as diverse sensors and stretchable electrodes in electronic skins, showing application prospects in healthcare monitoring, human-machine interaction, and engineering services. Our proposed strategy substantially advances the application of metal film conductors in flexible electronics and broadens the horizons for developing more sophisticated electronic skins by interlayer engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Jinpeng Huo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Zehua Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Wengan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Guisheng Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Wenxian Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China.
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Li J, Zhu C, Peng W, Cao X, Gao H, Jiang M, Wu Z, Yu C. Stretchable Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Gold Nanowire and Carbon Nanotube Network for Real-Time Tracking Cell-Released H 2S. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2406-2412. [PMID: 36669829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the third gas transporter in biological systems, plays a key role in the regulation of biological cells. Real-time detection of local H2S concentration in vivo is an important and challenging task. Herein, we explored a novel and facile strategy to develop a flexible and transparent H2S sensor based on gold nanowire (AuNW) and carbon nanotube (CNT) films embedded in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) (AuNWs/CNTs/PDMS). Taking the advantage of the sandwich-like nanostructured network of AuNWs/CNTs, the prepared electrochemical sensing platform exhibited desirable electrocatalytic activity toward H2S oxidation with a wide linear range (5 nM to 24.9 μM) and a low dete ction limit (3 nM). Furthermore, thanks to the good biocompatibility and flexibility of the sensor, HeLa cells can be cultured directly on the electrode, allowing real-time monitoring of H2S released from cells under a stretched state. This work provides a versatile strategy for the construction of stretchable electrochemical sensors, which has potential applications in the study of H2S-related signal mechanotransduction and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Cailing Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Peng
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Zengqiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
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Sun D, Chen L, Zeng L, Shi X, Lu J. Quasi-Cu-MOFs: highly improved water stability and electrocatalytic activity toward H 2O 2 reduction among pristine 3D MOFs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A 2023; 11:31-40. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ta05833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
QHKUST-1 calcined at 250 °C for 1 h maintains the perfect octahedral morphology of HKUST-1 and exhibits superior moisture stability and enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to the original water-sensitive HKUST-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510699, Guangdong, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhu Zeng
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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7
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Koo KM, Kim CD, Ju FN, Kim H, Kim CH, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for Monitoring Animal Cell Function and Viability. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121162. [PMID: 36551129 PMCID: PMC9775431 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Redox reactions in live cells are generated by involving various redox biomolecules for maintaining cell viability and functions. These qualities have been exploited in the development of clinical monitoring, diagnostic approaches, and numerous types of biosensors. Particularly, electrochemical biosensor-based live-cell detection technologies, such as electric cell-substrate impedance (ECIS), field-effect transistors (FETs), and potentiometric-based biosensors, are used for the electrochemical-based sensing of extracellular changes, genetic alterations, and redox reactions. In addition to the electrochemical biosensors for live-cell detection, cancer and stem cells may be immobilized on an electrode surface and evaluated electrochemically. Various nanomaterials and cell-friendly ligands are used to enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors. Here, we discuss recent advances in the use of electrochemical sensors for determining cell viability and function, which are essential for the practical application of these sensors as tools for pharmaceutical analysis and toxicity testing. We believe that this review will motivate researchers to enhance their efforts devoted to accelerating the development of electrochemical biosensors for future applications in the pharmaceutical industry and stem cell therapeutics.
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8
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Fakhr MH, Beshchasna N, Balakin S, Carrasco IL, Heitbrink A, Göhler F, Rösch N, Opitz J. Cleaning of LTCC, PEN, and PCB Au electrodes towards reliable electrochemical measurements. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20431. [PMID: 36443326 PMCID: PMC9705539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface cleaning of the working electrode has a key role in improved electrochemical and physicochemical properties of the biosensors. Herein, chemical oxidation in piranha, chemical cleaning in potassium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide, combined (electro-) chemical alkaline treatment, and potential cycling in sulfuric acid were applied to gold finish electrode surfaces deposited onto three different substrates; low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyimide (PI), using three different deposition technologies; screen printing, inkjet printing, and electroplating (printed circuit board technology, PCB) accordingly. The effects of the (electro-) chemical treatments on the gold content and electrochemical responses of LTCC, PEN, and PCB applicable for aptamer-based sensors are discussed. In order to assess the gold surface and to compare the efficiency of the respective cleaning procedures; cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed. LTCC sensors electrochemically cycled in sulfuric acid resulted in the most gold content on the electrode surface, the lowest peak potential difference, and the highest charge transfer ability. While, for PEN, the highest elemental gold and the lowest peak-to-peak separation were achieved by a combined (electro-) chemical alkaline treatment. Gold content and electrochemical characteristics on the PCB surface with extremely thin gold layer could be slightly optimized with the chemical cleaning in KOH + H2O2. The proposed cleaning procedures might be generally applied to various kinds of Au electrodes fabricated with the same conditions comparable with those are introduced in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Hosseinzadeh Fakhr
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany ,grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Natalia Beshchasna
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Balakin
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivan Lopez Carrasco
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials (MBC), Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Heitbrink
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials (MBC), Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany ,InnoME GmbH, 32339 Espelkamp, Germany
| | - Fabian Göhler
- grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Niels Rösch
- grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Joerg Opitz
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials (MBC), Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Recent advances of three-dimensional micro-environmental constructions on cell-based biosensors and perspectives in food safety. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Guo J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Conductive Materials with Elaborate Micro/Nanostructures for Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110024. [PMID: 35081264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, an emerging field with the mutual penetration of biological systems and electronic sciences, allows the quantitative analysis of complicated biosignals together with the dynamic regulation of fateful biological functions. In this area, the development of conductive materials with elaborate micro/nanostructures has been of great significance to the improvement of high-performance bioelectronic devices. Thus, here, a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of relevant research studies on the fabrication and properties of conductive materials with micro/nanostructures and their promising applications and future opportunities in bioelectronic applications is presented. In addition, a critical analysis of the current opportunities and challenges regarding the future developments of conductive materials with elaborate micro/nanostructures for bioelectronic applications is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
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11
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Qiu T, Akinoglu EM, Luo B, Konarova M, Yun JH, Gentle IR, Wang L. Nanosphere Lithography: A Versatile Approach to Develop Transparent Conductive Films for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103842. [PMID: 35119141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive films (TCFs) are irreplaceable components in most optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, smart windows, and bioelectronics. The shortcomings of existing traditional transparent conductors demand the development of new material systems that are both transparent and electrically conductive, with variable functionality to meet the requirements of new generation optoelectronic devices. In this respect, TCFs with periodic or irregular nanomesh structures have recently emerged as promising candidates, which possess superior mechanical properties in comparison with conventional metal oxide TCFs. Among the methods for nanomesh TCFs fabrication, nanosphere lithography (NSL) has proven to be a versatile platform, with which a wide range of morphologically distinct nanomesh TCFs have been demonstrated. These materials are not only functionally diverse, but also have advantages in terms of device compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive description of the NSL process and its most relevant derivatives to fabricate nanomesh TCFs. The structure-property relationships of these materials are elaborated and an overview of their application in different technologies across disciplines related to optoelectronics is given. It is concluded with a perspective on current shortcomings and future directions to further advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Qiu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Eser Metin Akinoglu
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526238, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Bin Luo
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Muxina Konarova
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jung-Ho Yun
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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12
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Rojas D, Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Della Pelle F, Escarpa A, Compagnone D. New trends in enzyme-free electrochemical sensing of ROS/RNS. Application to live cell analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Song L, Chen J, Xu BB, Huang Y. Flexible Plasmonic Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring: Progress and Prospects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18822-18847. [PMID: 34841852 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The noble metal nanoparticle has been widely utilized as a plasmonic unit to enhance biosensors, by leveraging its electric and/or optical properties. Integrated with the "flexible" feature, it further enables opportunities in developing healthcare products in a conformal and adaptive fashion, such as wrist pulse tracers, body temperature trackers, blood glucose monitors, etc. In this work, we present a holistic review of the recent advance of flexible plasmonic biosensors for the healthcare sector. The technical spectrum broadly covers the design and selection of a flexible substrate, the process to integrate flexible and plasmonic units, the exploration of different types of flexible plasmonic biosensors to monitor human temperature, blood glucose, ions, gas, and motion indicators, as well as their applications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and colorimetric detections. Their fundamental working principles and structural innovations are scoped and summarized. The challenges and prospects are articulated regarding the critical importance for continued progress of flexible plasmonic biosensors to improve living quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Song
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chines Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Ben Bin Xu
- Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Youju Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Wu R, Li L, Pan L, Yan K, Shi Y, Jiang L, Zhu JJ. Long-term cell culture and electrically in situ monitoring of living cells based on a polyaniline hydrogel sensor. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9514-9523. [PMID: 34755742 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01885j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate, in situ and long-term electrically monitoring of cell development plays an important role in cell study, which brings in challenges in terms of biocompatibility, processability, and sensing capability of electrochemical sensors. Based on biocompatible conductive polyaniline (PAni) hydrogels, we constructed a flexible sensor with flexible carbon cloth for electrical analysis of living cells. The carbon fiber substrate modified with conductive PAni hydrogels was selected as the electrode to promote the current collection of the sensor. The three dimensional nanostructured mesoporous matrix of PAni hydrogels is favorable for in situ generation of catalytic Pt nanoparticles and cell growth. With these hierarchically nanostructured features, the hydrogel electrochemical sensor was endowed with high sensitivity and selectivity in the detection of H2O2 (with a low detection limit of 1.6 μM in 0.01 M PBS and a wide linear range from 10 μM to 10 mM), and good biocompatibility for cell growth as long as 5 days. The accurate detection of H2O2 released from cells enabled us to differentiate the physiological states of cells and imitate the different stimuli-responsive behavior, which can provide real-time information on cell biological events. With outstanding biocompatibility, operability and repeatability, this strategy can be expanded to the fields of other biosensor fabrication and cell-related biomarker monitoring, which exhibits a broad application potential in bioanalysis catering to new generation sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lanlan Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.,School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ke Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Yan J, Qin Y, Fan WT, Wu WT, Lv SW, Yan LP, Liu YL, Huang WH. Plasticizer and catalyst co-functionalized PEDOT:PSS enables stretchable electrochemical sensing of living cells. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14432-14440. [PMID: 34880994 PMCID: PMC8580016 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, stretchable electrochemical sensors have stood out as a powerful tool for the detection of soft cells and tissues, since they could perfectly comply with the deformation of living organisms and synchronously monitor mechanically evoked biomolecule release. However, existing strategies for the fabrication of stretchable electrochemical sensors still face with huge challenges due to scarce electrode materials, demanding processing techniques and great complexity in further functionalization. Herein, we report a novel and facile strategy for one-step preparation of stretchable electrochemical biosensors by doping ionic liquid and catalyst into a conductive polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS). Bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium salt as a small-molecule plasticizer can significantly improve the stretchability and conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film, and cobalt phthalocyanine as an electrocatalyst endows the film with excellent electrochemical sensing performance. Moreover, the functionalized PEDOT:PSS retained good cell biocompatibility with two extra dopants. These satisfactory properties allowed the real-time monitoring of stretch-induced transient hydrogen peroxide release from cells. This work presents a versatile strategy to fabricate conductive polymer-based stretchable electrodes with easy processing and excellent performance, which benefits the in-depth exploration of sophisticated life activities by electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wen-Ting Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Song-Wei Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Li-Ping Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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16
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Lyu Q, Gong S, Yin J, Dyson JM, Cheng W. Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100577. [PMID: 34019737 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of advances in electronics and internet technologies, current healthcare remains hospital-centred. Disruptive technologies are required to translate state-of-art wearable devices into next-generation patient-centered diagnosis and therapy. In this review, recent advances in the emerging field of soft wearable materials and devices are summarized. A prerequisite for such future healthcare devices is the need of novel materials to be mechanically compliant, electrically conductive, and biologically compatible. It is begun with an overview of the two viable design strategies reported in the literatures, which is followed by description of state-of-the-art wearable healthcare devices for monitoring physical, electrophysiological, chemical, and biological signals. Self-powered wearable bioenergy devices are also covered and sensing systems, as well as feedback-controlled wearable closed-loop biodiagnostic and therapy systems. Finally, it is concluded with an overall summary and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxia Lyu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Dyson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biomedicine Discovery Institute Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Faculty of Engineering Monash Institute of Medical Engineering (MIME) Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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17
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Qin Y, Hu X, Fan W, Yan J, Cheng S, Liu Y, Huang W. A Stretchable Scaffold with Electrochemical Sensing for 3D Culture, Mechanical Loading, and Real-Time Monitoring of Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2003738. [PMID: 34047055 PMCID: PMC8327466 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the field of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue engineering, great advance focusing on functionalized materials and desirable culture systems has been made to mimic the natural environment of cells in vivo. Mechanical loading is one of the critical factors that affect cell/tissue behaviors and metabolic activities, but the reported models or detection methods offer little direct and real-time information about mechanically induced cell responses. Herein, for the first time, a stretchable and multifunctional platform integrating 3D cell culture, mechanical loading, and electrochemical sensing is developed by immobilization of biomimetic peptide linked gold nanotubes on porous and elastic polydimethylsiloxane. The 3D scaffold demonstrates very good compatibility, excellent stretchability, and stable electrochemical sensing performance. This allows mimicking the articular cartilage and investigating its mechanotransduction by 3D culture, mechanical stretching of chondrocytes, and synchronously real-time monitoring of stretch-induced signaling molecules. The results disclose a previously unclear mechanotransduction pathway in chondrocytes that mechanical loading can rapidly activate nitric oxide signaling within seconds. This indicates the promising potential of the stretchable 3D sensing in exploring the mechanotransduction in 3D cellular systems and engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Xue‐Bo Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro‐Bioresources in Dabie MountainsXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang464000China
| | - Wen‐Ting Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Shi‐Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yan‐Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Wei‐Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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