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Peng C, Sui Y, Fang C, Sun H, Liu W, Li X, Qu C, Li W, Liu J, Wu C. Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor using odorant-binding protein to detect aldehydes. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1318:342932. [PMID: 39067919 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Recently, various biosensors based on odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were developed for the detection of odorants and pheromones. However, important data gaps exist regarding the sensitive and selective detection of aldehydes with various carbon numbers. In this work, an OBP2a-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensor was developed by immobilizing OBP2a on a gold interdigital electrode, and was characterized by EIS and atomic force microscopy. EIS responses showed the OBP2a-based biosensor was highly sensitive to citronellal, lily aldehyde, octanal, and decanal (detection limit of 10-11 mol/L), and was selective towards aldehydes compared with interfering odorants such as small-molecule alcohols and fatty acids (selectivity coefficients lower than 0.15). Moreover, the OBP2a-based biosensor exhibited high repeatability (relative standard deviation: 1.6%-9.1 %, n = 3 for each odorant), stability (NIC declined by 3.6 % on 6th day), and recovery (91.2%-96.6 % on three real samples). More specifically, the sensitivity of the biosensor to aldehydes was positively correlated to the molecular weight and the heterocyclic molecule structure of the odorants. These results proved the availability and the potential usage of the OBP2a-based EIS biosensor for the rapid and sensitive detection of aldehydes in aspects such as medical diagnostics, food and favor analysis, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yutong Sui
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chaohua Fang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinying Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chen Qu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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2
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Wang X, Wang Y, Jie H, Liu S, Shen C, Liu Q. Enhancing Sensitivity in SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Testing through Integration of a Water-Soluble Polymer Wall. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:305. [PMID: 38920609 PMCID: PMC11201958 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are recognized for their practicality in homecare and point-of-care testing, owing to their simplicity, cost-efficiency, and rapid visual readouts. Despite these advantages, LFIAs typically fall short in sensitivity, particularly in detecting viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, thus limiting their broader application. In response to this challenge, we have innovated an approach to substantially enhance LFIA sensitivity. This involves the integration of a water-soluble dextran-methacrylate polymer wall with a 15% grafting degree positioned between the test and control lines on the LFIA strip. This novel modification significantly improved the sensitivity of the assay, achieving detection limits as low as 50 pg mL-1 and enhancing the sensitivity by 5-20-fold relative to existing LFIA kits available on the market. Furthermore, our developed LFIA kit (WSPW-LFIA) demonstrated exceptional specificity for SARS-CoV-2. Coupled with a straightforward fabrication process and robust stability, the WSPW-LFIA represents a promising advancement for real-time in vitro diagnosis across a spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Huiyang Jie
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Sidi Liu
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Chenguang Shen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Detection and Diagnosis Technology Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China; (Y.W.); (H.J.); (S.L.)
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3
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Zeeshan, Bahrami S, Park S, Cho S. Antibody functionalized capacitance sensor for label-free and real-time detection of bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility. Talanta 2024; 272:125831. [PMID: 38428133 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The effective management of infectious diseases and the growing concern of antibiotic resistance necessitates accurate and targeted therapies, highlighting the importance of antibiotic susceptibility testing. This study aimed to develop a real-time impedimetric biosensor for identifying and monitoring bacterial growth and antibiotic susceptibility. The biosensor employed a gold 8-channel disk-shaped microelectrode array with specific antibodies as bio-recognition elements. This setup was allowed for the analysis of bacterial samples, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Micrococcus luteus. These microorganisms were successfully cultured and detected within 1 h of incubation even with a minimal bacterial concentration of 10 CFU/ml. Overall, the developed biosensor array exhibits promising capabilities for monitoring S. aureus, B. cereus and M. luteus, showcasing an excellent linear response ranging from 10 to 104 CFU/ml with a detection limit of 0.95, 1.22 and 1.04 CFU/mL respectively. Moreover, real-time monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility was facilitated by changes in capacitance, which dropped when bacteria were exposed to antibiotic doses higher than their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), indicating suppressed bacterial growth. The capacitance measurements enabled determination of half-maximal cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) values for each bacteria-antibiotic pair. As a proof-of-concept application, the developed sensor array was employed as a sensing platform for the real time detection of bacteria in milk samples, which ensured the reliability of the sensor for in-field detection of foodborne pathogens and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea.
| | - Sadra Bahrami
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
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4
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Shin S, Kim S, Choi W, Do J, Son J, Kim K, Jang S, Lee JS. Sensing Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Using Aptamer-Functionalized Si-Based Electrolyte-Gated Field-Effect Transistor (EGT). BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:124. [PMID: 38534231 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The sensing responses of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using top-down-fabricated Si-based electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) have been investigated. An aptamer was employed as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The EGT demonstrated excellent intrinsic characteristics and higher sensitivity in the subthreshold regime compared to the linear regime. The limit of detection (LOD) was achieved as low as 0.94 pg/mL and 20 pg/mL for the current and voltage sensitivity, respectively. To analyze the sensing responses of EGT in detecting the aptamer-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein conjugate, a lumped-capacitive model with the presence of an effective dipole potential and an effective capacitance of the functionalized layer component was employed. The aptamer-functionalized EGT showed high sensitivity even in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. These results suggest that Si-based EGTs are a highly promising method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Shin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyeong Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Do
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Son
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Division of Electronics Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkey Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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5
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Kim YJ, Min J. Advances in nanobiosensors during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives for the post-COVID era. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38206526 PMCID: PMC10784265 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented threat of the highly contagious virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes exponentially increased infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlights the weak spots of the current diagnostic toolbox. In the midst of catastrophe, nanobiosensors offer a new opportunity as an alternative tool to fill a gap among molecular tests, rapid antigen tests, and serological tests. Nanobiosensors surpass the potential of antigen tests because of their enhanced sensitivity, thus enabling us to see antigens as stable and easy-to-access targets. During the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial number of studies have reported nanobiosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The number of articles on nanobiosensors and SARS-CoV-2 exceeds the amount of nanobiosensor research on detecting previous infectious diseases, from influenza to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This unprecedented publishing pace also implies the significance of SARS-CoV-2 and the present pandemic. In this review, 158 studies reporting nanobiosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigens are collected to discuss the current challenges of nanobiosensors using the criteria of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics along with COVID-specific issues. These advances and lessons during the pandemic pave the way for preparing for the post-COVID era and potential upcoming infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Wang B, Zhao L, Ma H, Ren X, Wang H, Fan D, Wu D, Wei Q. One master and two servants: One Zr(Ⅳ) with two ligands of TCPP and NH 2-BDC form the MOF as the electrochemiluminescence emitter for the biosensing application. Talanta 2024; 266:124961. [PMID: 37480821 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we put forward an innovative "one master and two servants" strategy for enhancing the ECL performance. A novel ECL luminophore named Zr-TCPP/NH2-BDC (TCPP@UiO-66-NH2) was synthesized by self-assembly of meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) and 4-aminobenzoic acid (NH2-BDC) with Zr clusters. TCPP@UiO-66-NH2 has a porous structure and a highly ordered structure, which allows the molecular motion of TCPP to be effectively confined, thereby inhibiting nonradiative energy transfer. Importantly, TCPP@UiO-66-NH2 has a higher and more stable ECL signal. To further improve the sensitivity of the sensor, we use polydopamine-coated manganese dioxide (PDA@MnO2), which has a double quenching effect, as the quencher. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2-N) is one of the ideal markers for the early diagnosis of COVID-19, and its sensitivity detection is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Thus, we constructed a quenching-type ECL sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2-N. Its linear range is 10 fg/mL∼1 μg/mL and the calculated detection limit is 1.4 fg/mL (S/N = 3). The spiked recoveries are 97.40-103.8%, with the relative standard deviations (RSD) under 3.0%. More importantly, the technique offers a viable way to identify and diagnose viral infections early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Dawei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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7
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Dou X, Zhang Z, Liu B, Li C, Du Y, Tian F. Highly sensitive digital detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein through single-molecule counting. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6155-6164. [PMID: 37596347 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Nucleocapsid protein (NP) is one of the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 which is stable, well-conserved, highly immunogenic, and abundantly expressed due to the host's adaptive immune response, making it a promising antigenic biomarker for the early and rapid identification and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Traditional antigen analytical methods with NP as the detection marker often have insufficient sensitivity. To achieve rapid and highly sensitive detection of NP, we constructed a novel single-molecule (digital) fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) based on streptavidin-modified transparent 96-well microplates. Streptavidin was immobilized on the microplate under optimized conditions with a 15 mM carbonate buffer solution (pH 9.6) as the coating solution, biotinylated antibodies conjugated with streptavidin as capture probes, and carboxylated fluorescent microsphere-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (FMs-mAbs) as fluorescent probes. Individual sandwich immunolabeled complexes of the SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic marker NP were detected and counted though wide-field inverted fluorescence microscopy (1.1 × 1.4 mm2). FLISA had a linear detection range of 0.2 pg/mL to 200 ng/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.73 fg/mL and 8 fg/mL for NP in phosphate buffer saline and spiked nasal swab samples, respectively. The sensitivity was much higher than commercial antigen detection kits, providing wide detection prospects in future clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Dou
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 30161, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 30161, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 30161, China
| | - Chao Li
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 30161, China
- National Bio-Protection Engineering Center, Tianjin, 300161, China
| | - Yaohua Du
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 30161, China.
- National Bio-Protection Engineering Center, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Feng Tian
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 30161, China.
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8
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Kim HE, Schuck A, Park H, Huh HJ, Kang M, Kim YS. Gold nanostructures modified carbon-based electrode enhanced with methylene blue for point-of-care COVID-19 tests using isothermal amplification. Talanta 2023; 265:124841. [PMID: 37390671 PMCID: PMC10290770 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) envelope (E) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) genes were detected via electrochemical measurements using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) (3-electrode system) coupled with a battery-operated thin-film heater based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. The working electrodes of the SPCE sensor were decorated with synthesized gold nanostars (AuNSs) to obtain a large surface area and improve sensitivity. The LAMP assay was enhanced using a real-time amplification reaction system to detect the optimal target genes (E and RdRP) of SARS-CoV-2. The optimized LAMP assay was performed with diluted concentrations (from 0 to 109 copies) of the target DNA using 30 μM of methylene blue as a redox indicator. Target DNA amplification was conducted for 30 min at a constant temperature using a thin-film heater, and the final amplicon electrical signals were detected based on cyclic voltammetry curves. Our electrochemical LAMP analysis of SARS-CoV-2 clinical samples showed an excellent correlation with the Ct value of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, indicating successful validation of results. A linear relationship between the peak current response and the amplified DNA was observed for both genes. The AuNS-decorated SPCE sensor with the optimized LAMP primer enabled accurate analysis of both SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative clinical samples. Therefore, the developed device is suitable for use as a point-of-care test DNA-based sensor for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ariadna Schuck
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseek Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Smart Healthcare Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST (Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Minhee Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Smart Healthcare Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST (Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Sang Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Laleh S, Ibarlucea B, Stadtmüller M, Cuniberti G, Medina-Sánchez M. Portable microfluidic impedance biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115362. [PMID: 37300901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pandemics as the one we are currently facing, where fast-spreading viruses present a threat to humanity, call for simple and reliable methods to perform early diagnosis, enabling detection of very low pathogen loads even before symptoms start showing in the host. So far, standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most reliable method for doing so, but it is rather slow and needs specialized reagents and trained personnel to operate it. Additionally, it is expensive and not easily accessible. Therefore, developing miniaturized and portable sensors which perform early detection of pathogens with high reliability is necessary to not only prevent the spreading of the disease but also to monitor the effectiveness of the developed vaccines and the appearance of new pathogenic variants. Thus, in this work we develop a sensitive microfluidic impedance biosensor for the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2, towards a mobile point-of-care (POC) platform. The operational parameters are optimized with the aid of design-of-experiment (DoE), for an accurate detection of the viral antigens using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We perform the biodetection of buffer samples spiked with fM concentration levels and validate the biosensor in a clinical context of relevance by analyzing 15 real patient samples up to a Ct value (cycle threshold) of 27. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of the developed platform using different settings, including a small portable potentiostat, using multiple channels for self-validation, as well as with single biosensors for a smartphone-based readout. This work contributes to the rapid and reliable diagnostics of COVID-19 and can be extended to other infectious diseases, allowing the monitoring of viral load in vaccinated and unvaccinated people to anticipate a potential relapse of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Laleh
- Micro- and NanoBiomedical Engineering Group (MNBE), Institute for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany; Chair of Micro- and NanoSystems, Center for Molecular Bioengineering (B CUBE), Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Micro- and NanoBiomedical Engineering Group (MNBE), Institute for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany; Chair of Micro- and NanoSystems, Center for Molecular Bioengineering (B CUBE), Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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10
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Sandoval Bojórquez D, Janićijević Ž, Palestina Romero B, Oliveros Mata ES, Laube M, Feldmann A, Kegler A, Drewitz L, Fowley C, Pietzsch J, Fassbender J, Tonn T, Bachmann M, Baraban L. Impedimetric Nanobiosensor for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens and Antibodies. ACS Sens 2023; 8:576-586. [PMID: 36763494 PMCID: PMC9940615 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection of antigens and antibodies (Abs) is of great importance in determining the infection and immunity status of the population, as they are key parameters guiding the handling of pandemics. Current point-of-care (POC) devices are a convenient option for rapid screening; however, their sensitivity requires further improvement. We present an interdigitated gold nanowire-based impedance nanobiosensor to detect COVID-19-associated antigens (receptor-binding domain of S1 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus) and respective Abs appearing during and after infection. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was used to assess the changes in measured impedance resulting from the binding of respective analytes to the surface of the chip. After 20 min of incubation, the sensor devices demonstrate a high sensitivity of about 57 pS·sn per concentration decade and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.99 pg/mL for anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs and a sensitivity of around 21 pS·sn per concentration decade and an LOD of 0.14 pg/mL for the virus antigen detection. Finally, the analysis of clinical plasma samples demonstrates the applicability of the developed platform to assist clinicians and authorities in determining the infection or immunity status of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Željko Janićijević
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brenda Palestina Romero
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eduardo Sergio Oliveros Mata
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kegler
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Drewitz
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ciarán Fowley
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School
of Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juergen Fassbender
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Transfusion
Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl-Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
for Transfusion Medicine Dresden, German
Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Tumor
Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl
Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National
Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany. Faculty of Medicine
and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer
Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Zeng R, Qiu M, Wan Q, Huang Z, Liu X, Tang D, Knopp D. Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Immunoassay for Point-of-Care Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15155-15161. [PMID: 36251341 PMCID: PMC9578645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale, rapid, and inexpensive serological diagnoses of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are of great interest in reducing virus transmission at the population level; however, their development is greatly plagued by the lack of available point-of-care methods, leading to low detection efficiency. Herein, an ultrasensitive smartphone-based electrochemical immunoassay is reported for rapid (less than 5 min), low-cost, easy-to-implement detection of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (SARS-CoV-2 N protein). Specifically, the electrochemical immunoassay was fabricated on a screen-printed carbon electrode coated with electrodeposited gold nanoparticles, followed by incubation of anti-N antibody (Ab) and bovine serum albumin as the working electrode. Accompanied by the antigen-antibody reaction between the SARS-CoV-2 N protein and the Ab, the electron transfer between the electroactive species [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- and the electrode surface is disturbed, resulting in reduced square-wave voltammetry currents at 0.075 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The proposed immunoassay provided a good linear range with SARS-CoV-2 N protein concentrations within the scope of 0.01-1000 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9992) and the limit of detection down to 2.6 pg/mL. Moreover, the detection data are wirelessly transmitted to the interface of the smartphone, and the corresponding SARS-CoV-2 N protein concentration value is calculated and displayed. Therefore, the proposed portable detection mode offers great potential for self-differential diagnosis of residents, which will greatly facilitate the effective control and large-scale screening of virus transmission in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety
and Biology (MOE and Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou350108, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Minghao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety
and Biology (MOE and Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou350108, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Qing Wan
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering,
Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning437100,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhisheng Huang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering,
Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning437100,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary
Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350025, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety
and Biology (MOE and Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou350108, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Department of Chemistry, Chair for Analytical
Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748Garching,
Germany
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