1
|
Sadique MA, Yadav S, Khan R, Srivastava AK. Engineered two-dimensional nanomaterials based diagnostics integrated with internet of medical things (IoMT) for COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3774-3828. [PMID: 38433614 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
More than four years have passed since an inimitable coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in 2019 after an uncontrolled transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The occurrence of this highly contagious respiratory infectious disease led to chaos and mortality all over the world. The peak paradigm shift of the researchers was inclined towards the accurate and rapid detection of diseases. Since 2019, there has been a boost in the diagnostics of COVID-19 via numerous conventional diagnostic tools like RT-PCR, ELISA, etc., and advanced biosensing kits like LFIA, etc. For the same reason, the use of nanotechnology and two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) has aided in the fabrication of efficient diagnostic tools to combat COVID-19. This article discusses the engineering techniques utilized for fabricating chemically active E2DNMs that are exceptionally thin and irregular. The techniques encompass the introduction of heteroatoms, intercalation of ions, and the design of strain and defects. E2DNMs possess unique characteristics, including a substantial surface area and controllable electrical, optical, and bioactive properties. These characteristics enable the development of sophisticated diagnostic platforms for real-time biosensors with exceptional sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Integrating the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with these E2DNMs-based advanced diagnostics has led to the development of portable, real-time, scalable, more accurate, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic platforms. These diagnostic platforms have the potential to revolutionize SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by making it faster, easier, and more accessible to people worldwide, thus making them ideal for resource-limited settings. These advanced IoMT diagnostic platforms may help with combating SARS-CoV-2 as well as tracking and predicting the spread of future pandemics, ultimately saving lives and mitigating their impact on global health systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abubakar Sadique
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shalu Yadav
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanish K Srivastava
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mirhosseini S, Nasiri AF, Khatami F, Mirzaei A, Aghamir SMK, Kolahdouz M. A digital image colorimetry system based on smart devices for immediate and simultaneous determination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2587. [PMID: 38297148 PMCID: PMC10830485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on microplates are frequently utilized for various molecular sensing, disease screening, and nanomedicine applications. Comparing this multi-well plate batched analysis to non-batched or non-standard testing, the diagnosis expenses per patient are drastically reduced. However, the requirement for rather big and pricey readout instruments prevents their application in environments with limited resources, especially in the field. In this work, a handheld cellphone-based colorimetric microplate reader for quick, credible, and novel analysis of digital images of human cancer cell lines at a reasonable price was developed. Using our in-house-developed app, images of the plates are captured and sent to our servers, where they are processed using a machine learning algorithm to produce diagnostic results. Using FDA-approved human epididymis protein of ovary IgG (HE4), prostate cancer cell line (PC3), and bladder cancer cell line (5637) ELISA tests, we successfully examined this mobile platform. The accuracies for the HE4, PC3, and 5637 tests were 93%, 97.5%, and 97.2%, respectively. By contrasting the findings with the measurements made using optical absorption EPOCH microplate readers and optical absorption Tecan microplate readers, this approach was found to be accurate and effective. As a result, digital image colorimetry on smart devices offered a practical, user-friendly, affordable, precise, and effective method for quickly identifying human cancer cell lines. Thus, healthcare providers might use this portable device to carry out high-throughput illness screening, epidemiological investigations or monitor vaccination campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Mirhosseini
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryanaz Faghih Nasiri
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Mirzaei
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Kolahdouz
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim YJ, Min J. Advances in nanobiosensors during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives for the post-COVID era. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38206526 PMCID: PMC10784265 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented threat of the highly contagious virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes exponentially increased infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlights the weak spots of the current diagnostic toolbox. In the midst of catastrophe, nanobiosensors offer a new opportunity as an alternative tool to fill a gap among molecular tests, rapid antigen tests, and serological tests. Nanobiosensors surpass the potential of antigen tests because of their enhanced sensitivity, thus enabling us to see antigens as stable and easy-to-access targets. During the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial number of studies have reported nanobiosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The number of articles on nanobiosensors and SARS-CoV-2 exceeds the amount of nanobiosensor research on detecting previous infectious diseases, from influenza to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This unprecedented publishing pace also implies the significance of SARS-CoV-2 and the present pandemic. In this review, 158 studies reporting nanobiosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigens are collected to discuss the current challenges of nanobiosensors using the criteria of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics along with COVID-specific issues. These advances and lessons during the pandemic pave the way for preparing for the post-COVID era and potential upcoming infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang D, Zhao Y, Fang M, Shen P, Xu H, He Y, Chen S, Si Z, Xu Z. Magnetofluid-integrated biosensors based on DNase-dead Cas12a for visual point-of-care testing of HIV-1 by an up and down chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4265-4275. [PMID: 37712284 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00558e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR Cas system, as a novel nucleic acid detection tool, is often hindered by cumbersome experimental procedures, complicated reagent transfer processes, and associated aerosol pollution risks. In this study, an integrated nucleic acid detection platform named "up and down chip" was developed, which combined RT-RAA technology for nucleic acid amplification, DNase-dead Cas12a-modified magnetic beads for specific recognition of target nucleic acid, and HRP-TMB chromogenic reaction for signal output in different chambers of a single microfluidic chip. The magnetic beads were migrated in an up-and-down manner between different chambers through magnetic driving, achieving a "sample-in, result-out" detection mode. By introducing a homemade heating box for temperature control during the reaction and using the naked eye or a smartphone APP for color-based signal reading, no professional or precise instruments were required in this platform. Using this platform, highly sensitive detection of the HIV-1 genome as low as 250 copies (CPs) per mL was achieved within 100 min while maintaining good detection performance against common variants as well as excellent specificity and anti-interference ability. In addition, compared with qRT-PCR, it also exhibited good accuracy for 56 spiked plasma samples, indicating its promising potential for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yekai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mengjun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peijie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yichen He
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- Hangzhou FasTech Biotechnology Company Limited, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zayed BA, Ali AN, Elgebaly AA, Talaia NM, Hamed M, Mansour FR. Smartphone-based point-of-care testing of the SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023; 21:e01757. [PMID: 37351482 PMCID: PMC10256629 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus's worldwide pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for reliable, quick, and affordable diagnostic tests for comprehending and controlling the epidemic by tracking the world population. Given how crucial it is to monitor and manage the pandemic, researchers have recently concentrated on creating quick detection techniques. Although PCR is still the preferred clinical diagnostic test, there is a pressing need for substitutes that are sufficiently rapid and cost-effective to provide a diagnosis at the time of use. The creation of a quick and simple POC equipment is necessary for home testing. Our review's goal is to provide an overview of the many methods utilized to identify SARS-CoV 2 in various samples utilizing portable devices, as well as any potential applications for smartphones in epidemiological research and detection. The point of care (POC) employs a range of microfluidic biosensors based on smartphones, including molecular sensors, immunological biosensors, hybrid biosensors, and imaging biosensors. For example, a number of tools have been created for the diagnosis of COVID-19, based on various theories. Integrated portable devices can be created using loop-mediated isothermal amplification, which combines isothermal amplification methods with colorimetric detection. Electrochemical approaches have been regarded as a potential substitute for optical sensing techniques that utilize fluorescence for detection and as being more beneficial to the Minimizing and simplicity of the tools used for detection, together with techniques that can amplify DNA or RNA under constant temperature conditions, without the need for repeated heating and cooling cycles. Many research have used smartphones for virus detection and data visualization, making these techniques more user-friendly and broadly distributed throughout nations. Overall, our research provides a review of different novel, non-invasive, affordable, and efficient methods for identifying COVID-19 contagious infected people and halting the disease's transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berlanty A Zayed
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Ali
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Elgebaly
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Talaia
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Chen H, Gao H, Wei H, Wang Y, Mu K, Liu L, Dai E, Rong Z, Wang S. CESSAT: A chemical additive-enhanced single-step accurate CRISPR/Cas13 testing system for field-deployable ultrasensitive detection and genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 229:115238. [PMID: 36958206 PMCID: PMC10027308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
The continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has raised great challenges for epidemic prevention and control. A rapid, sensitive, and on-site SARS-CoV-2 genotyping technique is urgently needed for individual diagnosis and routine surveillance. Here, a field-deployable ultrasensitive CRISPR-based diagnostics system, called Chemical additive-Enhanced Single-Step Accurate CRISPR/Cas13 Testing system (CESSAT), for simultaneous screening of SARS-CoV-2 and its five VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) within 40 min was reported. In this system, a single-step reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification-CRISPR/Cas13a assay was incorporated with optimized extraction-free viral lysis and reagent lyophilization, which could eliminate complicated sample processing steps and rigorous reagent storage conditions. Remarkably, 10% glycine as a chemical additive could improve the assay sensitivity by 10 times, making the limit of detection as low as 1 copy/μL (5 copies/reaction). A compact optic fiber-integrated smartphone-based device was developed for sample lysis, assay incubation, fluorescence imaging, and result interpretation. CESSAT could specifically differentiate the synthetic pseudovirus of SARS-CoV-2 and its five VOCs. The genotyping results for 40 clinical samples were in 100% concordance with standard method. We believe this simple but efficient enhancement strategy can be widely incorporated with existing Cas13a-based assays, thus leading a substantial progress in the development and application of rapid, ultrasensitive, and accurate nucleic acid analysis technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Huixia Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China
| | - Hongjuan Wei
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China
| | - Kai Mu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Erhei Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China.
| | - Zhen Rong
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li D, Sun C, Mei X, Yang L. Achieving broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detections via smartphone-based analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 158:116878. [PMID: 36506266 PMCID: PMC9728015 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of COVID-19, widely available tests are in great demand. Naked-eye SARS-CoV-2 test kits have recently been developed as home tests, but their sensitivity and accuracy are sometimes limited. Smartphones can convert various signals into digital information, potentially improving the sensitivity and accuracy of these home tests. Herein, we summarize smartphone-based detections for SARS-CoV-2. Optical detections of non-nucleic acids using various sensors and portable imaging systems, as well as nucleic acid analyses based on LAMP, CRISP, CATCH, and biosensors are discussed. Furthermore, different electrochemical detections were compared. We show results obtained using relatively complex equipment, complicated programming procedures, or custom smartphone apps, and describe methods for obtaining information with only simple setups and free software on smartphones. Then, the combined costs of typical smartphone-based detections are evaluated. Finally, the prospect of improving smartphone-based strategies to achieve broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detection is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cai Sun
- AECC Shenyang Liming Aero-Engine Co, Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,Corresponding author
| | - Liqun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chang TC, Sun AY, Huang YC, Wang CH, Wang SC, Chau LK. Integration of Power-Free and Self-Contained Microfluidic Chip with Fiber Optic Particle Plasmon Resonance Aptasensor for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100785. [PMID: 36290923 PMCID: PMC9599074 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has created an unrivalled need for sensitive and rapid point-of-care testing (POCT) methods for the detection of infectious viruses. For the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) is one of the most abundant structural proteins of the virus and it serves as a useful diagnostic marker for detection. Herein, we report a fiber optic particle plasmon resonance (FOPPR) biosensor which employed a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamer as the recognition element to detect the SARS-CoV-2 N-protein in 15 min with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.8 nM, meeting the acceptable LOD of 106 copies/mL set by the WHO target product profile. The sensor chip is a microfluidic chip based on the balance between the gravitational potential and the capillary force to control fluid loading, thus enabling the power-free auto-flowing function. It also has a risk-free self-contained design to avoid the risk of the virus leaking into the environment. These findings demonstrate the potential for designing a low-cost and robust POCT device towards rapid antigen detection for early screening of SARS-CoV-2 and its related mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chou Chang
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
| | - Aileen Y. Sun
- Instant NanoBiosensors, Co., Ltd., Taipei 115010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Huang
- Instant NanoBiosensors, Co., Ltd., Taipei 115010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Wang
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Chun Wang
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Kwan Chau
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|