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Wang Y, Huang K, Wang T, Liu L, Yu F, Sun W, Yao W, Xiong H, Liu X, Jiang H, Wang X. Nanosensors Monitor Intracellular GSH Depletion: GSH Triggers Cu(II) for Tumor Imaging and Inhibition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310300. [PMID: 38299477 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the primary antioxidant in cells, and GSH consumption will break the redox balance in cells. Based on this, a method that uses high concentrations of GSH in the tumor microenvironment to trigger the redox reaction of Cu(II) to generate copper nanoprobes with fluorescence and tumor growth inhibition properties is proposed. The nanoprobe mainly exists in the form of Cu(I) and catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals. At the same time, a simple and controllable carbon micro-nano electrode is used to construct a single-cell sensing platform, which enable the detection of glutathione content in single living cells after Cu(II) treatment, providing an excellent example for detecting single-cell biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China
| | - Ke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tingya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hongjie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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2
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Ahmed SA, Liu Y, Xiong T, Zhao Y, Xie B, Pan C, Ma W, Yu P. Iontronic Sensing Based on Confined Ion Transport. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8056-8077. [PMID: 38663001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Saud Asif Ahmed
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianyi Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yueru Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Boyang Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cong Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Zhang S, Song L, Zheng R, Zhang F, Wang Q, Mao X, Fan JX, Liu B, Zhao YD, Chen W. Quantification of MicroRNA in a Single Living Cell via Ionic Current Rectification-Based Nanopore for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7411-7420. [PMID: 38652893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Accurate analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) at the single-cell level is extremely important for deeply understanding their multiple and intricate biological functions. Despite some advancements in analyzing single-cell miRNAs, challenges such as intracellular interferences and insufficient detection limits still remain. In this work, an ultrasensitive nanopore sensor for quantitative single-cell miRNA-155 detection is constructed based on ionic current rectification (ICR) coupled with enzyme-free catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA). Benefiting from the enzyme-free CHA amplification strategy, the detection limit of the nanopore sensor for miRNA-155 reaches 10 fM and the nanopore sensor is more adaptable to complex intracellular environments. With the nanopore sensor, the concentration of miRNA-155 in living single cells is quantified to realize the early diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Furthermore, the nanopore sensor can be applied in screening anticancer drugs by tracking the expression level of miRNA-155. This work provides an adaptive and universal method for quantitatively analyzing intracellular miRNAs, which will greatly improve our understanding of cell heterogeneity and provide a more reliable scientific basis for exploring major diseases at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Laibo Song
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ruina Zheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosui Mao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xuan Fan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics (HUST), Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Wang T, Huang K, Liu L, Yin J, Sun W, Yu F, Yao W, Li X, Liu X, Jiang H, Wang X. In situ monitoring of cytoplasmic dopamine levels by noble metals decorated carbon fiber tips. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116087. [PMID: 38295583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), a catecholamine neurotransmitter, is crucial in brain signal transmission. Monitoring cytoplasmic DA levels can reflect changes in metabolic factors and provide valuable information for researching the mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the in-situ detection of intracellular DA is constrained by its low contents in small-sized single cells. In this work, we report that noble metal (Au, Pt)-modified carbon fiber micro-nanoelectrodes are capable of real-time detection of DA in single cells with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and anti-contamination capabilities. Notably, noble metals can be modified on the electrode surface through electrochemical deposition to enhance the conductivity of the electrode and the oxidation current of DA by 50 %. The nanosensors can work stably and continuously in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) to monitor changes in DA levels upon K+ stimulation. The functionalized carbon fibers based nanosensors will provide excellent prospects for DA analysis in the brains of living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China; Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, PR China
| | - Tingya Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Ke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Jiajia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Xintong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
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Huang K, Wang YH, Zhang H, Wang TY, Liu XH, Liu L, Jiang H, Wang XM. Application and outlook of electrochemical technology in single-cell analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115741. [PMID: 37816284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity, especially in some important diseased cells like tumor cells, acts as an invisible driver for disease development like cancer progression in the tumor ecosystem, contributing to differences in the macroscopic and microscopic detection of disease lesions like tumors. Traditional analysis techniques choose group information masked by the mean as the analysis sample, making it difficult to achieve precise diagnosis and target treatment, on which could be shed light via the single-cell level determination/bioanalysis. Hence, in this article we have reviewed the special characteristic differences among various kinds of typical single-cell bioanalysis strategies and electrochemical techniques, and then focused on the recent advance and special bio-applications of electrochemiluminescence and micro-nano electrochemical sensing mediated in single-cell bioimaging & bioanalysis. Especially, we have summarized the relevant research exploration of the possibility to establish the in-situ single-cell electrochemical methods to detect cell heterogeneity through determination of specific biomolecules and bioimaging of some important biological processes. Eventually, this review has explored some important advances of electrochemical single-cell detection techniques for the real-time cellular bioimaging and diagnostics of some disease lesions like tumors. It raises the possibility to provide the specific in-situ platform to exploit the versatile, sensitive, and high-resolution electrochemical single-cell analysis for the promising biomedical applications like rapid tracing of some disease lesions or in vivo bioimaging for precise cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yi Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ting Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiao Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Xue Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Liu YL, Yu SY, An R, Miao Y, Jiang D, Ye D, Xu JJ, Zhao WW. A Fast and Reversible Responsive Bionic Transmembrane Nanochannel for Dynamic Single-Cell Quantification of Glutathione. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17468-17475. [PMID: 37602689 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Biological channels can rapidly and continuously modulate ion transport behaviors in response to external stimuli, which play essential roles in manipulating physiological and pathological processes in cells. Here, to mimic the biological channels, a bionic nanochannel is developed by synergizing a cationic silicon-substituted rhodamine (SiRh) with a glass nanopipette for transmembrane single-cell quantification. Taking the fast and reversible nucleophilic addition reaction between glutathione (GSH) and SiRh, the bionic nanochannel shows a fast and reversible response to GSH, with its inner-surface charges changing between positive and negative charges, leading to a distinct and reversible switch in ionic current rectification (ICR). With the bionic nanochannel, spatiotemporal-resolved operation is performed to quantify endogenous GSH in a single cell, allowing for monitoring of intracellular GSH fluctuation in tumor cells upon photodynamic therapy and ferroptosis. Our results demonstrate that it is a feasible tool for in situ quantification of the endogenous GSH in single cells, which may be adapted to addressing other endogenous biomolecules in single cells by usage of other stimuli-responsive probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruibing An
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Zhang H, Zheng X, Zhao T, Chen Y, Luo Y, Dong Y, Tang H, Jiang J. Real-Time Monitoring of Exosomes Secretion from Single Cell Using Dual-Nanopore Biosensors. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37368982 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes secreted from cells carry rich information from their parent cells, representing a promising biomarker for investigation of diseases. We develop a dual-nanopore biosensor using DNA aptamers to specifically recognize CD63 protein on the exosome's surface, which enables label-free exosome detection based on ionic current change. The sensor allows for sensitive detection of exosomes with a detection limit of 3.4 × 106 particles/mL. The dual-nanopore biosensor was able to form an intrapipette electric circuit for ionic current measurement due to its unique structure, which is crucial to achieve detection of exosome secretion from a single cell. We utilized a microwell array chip to entrap a single cell into a confined microwell with small volume, enabling the accumulation of exosomes with high concentration. The dual-nanopore biosensor was positioned into the microwell with a single cell, and monitoring of exosome secretion from a single cell in different cell lines and under different stimulations has been achieved. Our design may provide a useful platform for developing nanopore biosensors for detecting cell secretions from a single living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yangcan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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